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Sovremennye Tekhnologii V Meditsine 2021was to study the influence of pore size and the presence of a biologically active calcium phosphate coating in porous 3D printed titanium implants on the process of...
UNLABELLED
was to study the influence of pore size and the presence of a biologically active calcium phosphate coating in porous 3D printed titanium implants on the process of integration with the bone tissue.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Samples of cylindrical implants with three different pore diameters (100, 200, and 400 μm) were fabricated from titanium powder on the Arcam 3D printer (Sweden) using electron beam melting technology. A calcium phosphate coating with a thickness of 20±4 μm was applied to some of the products by microarc oxidation. Cytotoxicity of the implants was determined on human dermal fibroblast cultures. The samples were implanted in the femoral bones of 36 rabbits . The animals were divided into 6 groups according to the bone implant samples. The prepared samples and peri-implant tissues were studied on days 90 and 180 after implantation using scanning electron microscopy and histological methods.
RESULTS
All samples under study were found to be non-toxic and well biocompatible with the bone tissue. There were revealed no differences between coated and non-coated implants of 100 and 200 μm pore diameters in terms of their histological structure, intensity of vascularization in the early stages, and bone formation in the later stages. Samples with pore diameters of 100 and 200 μm were easily removed from the bone tissue, the depth of bone growth into the pores of the implant was lower than in the samples with pore diameter of 400 μm (p<0.001). There were differences between coated and non-coated samples of 400 μm pore diameter, which was expressed in a more intensive osseointegration of samples with calcium phosphate coating (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The optimal surface characteristics of the material for repairing bone defects are a pore diameter of 400 μm and the presence of a calcium phosphate coating.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Phosphates; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Osseointegration; Porosity; Rabbits; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 34513077
DOI: 10.17691/stm2021.13.2.06 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2011Initial stability at the placement and development of osseointegration are two major issues for implant survival. Implant stability is a mechanical phenomenon which is... (Review)
Review
Initial stability at the placement and development of osseointegration are two major issues for implant survival. Implant stability is a mechanical phenomenon which is related to the local bone quality and quantity, type of implant, and placement technique used. The application of a simple, clinically applicable, non-invasive test to assess implant stability and osseointegration is considered highly desirable. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is one of such techniques which is most frequently used now days. The aim of this paper was to review and analyze critically the current available literature in the field of RFA, and to also discuss based on scientific evidence, the prognostic value of RFA to detect implants at risk of failure. A search was made using the PubMed database to find all the literature published on "Resonance frequency analysis for implant stability" till date. Articles discussed in vivo or in vitro studies comparing RFA with other methods of implant stability measurement and articles discussing its reliability were thoroughly reviewed and discussed. A limited number of clinical reports were found. Various studies have demonstrated the feasibility and predictability of the technique. However, most of these articles are based on retrospective data or uncontrolled cases. Randomized, prospective, parallel-armed longitudinal human trials are based on short-term results and long-term follow up are still scarce in this field. Nonetheless, from available literature, it may be concluded that RFA technique evaluates implant stability as a function of stiffness of the implant bone interface and is influenced by factors such as bone type, exposed implant height above the alveolar crest. Resonance frequency analysis could serve as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for detecting the implant stability of dental implants during the healing stages and in subsequent routine follow up care after treatment. Future studies, preferably randomized, prospective longitudinal studies are certainly needed to establish threshold ranges for implant stability and for implants at risk for losing stability for different implant system.
Topics: Bone Density; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis Retention; Elastic Modulus; Humans; Osseointegration; Vibration
PubMed: 22124054
DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.90300 -
Biomaterials Apr 2016The two leading causes of failure for joint arthroplasty prostheses are aseptic loosening and periprosthetic joint infection. With the number of primary and revision... (Review)
Review
The two leading causes of failure for joint arthroplasty prostheses are aseptic loosening and periprosthetic joint infection. With the number of primary and revision joint replacement surgeries on the rise, strategies to mitigate these failure modes have become increasingly important. Much of the recent work in this field has focused on the design of coatings either to prevent infection while ignoring bone mineralization or vice versa, to promote osseointegration while ignoring microbial susceptibility. However, both coating functions are required to achieve long-term success of the implant; therefore, these two modalities must be evaluated in parallel during the development of new orthopaedic coating strategies. In this review, we discuss recent progress and future directions for the design of multifunctional orthopaedic coatings that can inhibit microbial cells while still promoting osseointegration.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Humans; Joint Prosthesis; Osseointegration; Prosthesis Failure; Prosthesis-Related Infections
PubMed: 26851394
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.016 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Apr 2022To evaluate re-osseointegration after electrolytic cleaning and regenerative therapy of dental implants with peri-implantitis in humans.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate re-osseointegration after electrolytic cleaning and regenerative therapy of dental implants with peri-implantitis in humans.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Four dental implants that developed peri-implantitis underwent electrolytic cleaning followed by regenerative therapy with guided bone regeneration. All four implants developed recurrent peri-implantitis and were therefore explanted 6 to 13 months later. Radiographic bone level, probing depth, and bleeding on probing were determined at the time of surgery, 6 months later, and before implant retrieval. The peri-implant tissues were histologically and histomorphometrically analyzed.
RESULTS
All four implants demonstrated radiographic and histological bone gain, reduced probing depth, and bleeding on probing. Radiographic bone gain was 5.8 mm mesially and 4.8 mm distally for implant #1, 3.3 mm and 2.3 mm for implant #2, 3.1 mm and 0.5 mm for implant #3, and 3.5 mm and 2.8 mm for implant #4. The histometric mean and maximum vertical bone gain for implant #1 to #4 was 1.65 mm and 2.54 mm, 3.04 mm and 3.47 mm, 0.43 mm and 1.27 mm, and 4.16 mm and 5.22 mm, respectively. The percentage of re-osseointegration for implant #1 to #4 was 21.0%, 36.9%, 5.7%, and 39.0%, respectively. In one implant, the newly formed bone was deposited directly onto calculus on the implant surface.
CONCLUSIONS
We found that (1) re-osseointegration is possible on a formerly contaminated implant surface and (2) the electrolytic cleaning process seems to be effective enough at sites with calculus residues.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Since re-osseointegration can be achieved by electrolytic cleaning, this decontamination technique may be considered as a future treatment concept.
Topics: Bone Regeneration; Dental Implants; Humans; Osseointegration; Peri-Implantitis
PubMed: 35244779
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04345-1 -
Journal of Dental Research Aug 2018In lamellar bone, a network of highly oriented interconnected osteocytes is organized in concentric layers. Through their cellular processes contained within canaliculi,... (Review)
Review
In lamellar bone, a network of highly oriented interconnected osteocytes is organized in concentric layers. Through their cellular processes contained within canaliculi, osteocytes are highly mechanosensitive and locally modulate bone remodeling. We review the recent developments demonstrating the significance of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network in bone maintenance around implant biomaterials. Drilling during implant site preparation triggers osteocyte apoptosis, the magnitude of which correlates with drilling speed and heat generation, resulting in extensive remodeling and delayed healing. In peri-implant bone, osteocytes physically communicate with implant surfaces via canaliculi and are responsive to mechanical loading, leading to changes in osteocyte numbers and morphology. Certain implant design features allow peri-implant osteocytes to retain a less aged phenotype, despite highly advanced extracellular matrix maturation. Physicochemical properties of anodically oxidized surfaces stimulate bone formation and remodeling by regulating the expression of RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand), RANK, and OPG (osteoprotegerin) from implant-adherent cells. Modulation of certain osteocyte-related molecular signaling mechanisms (e.g., sclerostin blockade) may enhance the biomechanical anchorage of implants. Evaluation of the peri-implant osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network should therefore be a necessary component in future investigations of osseointegration to more completely characterize the biological response to materials for load-bearing applications in dentistry and orthopedics.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Remodeling; Bone-Implant Interface; Dental Implants; Humans; Osseointegration; Osteocytes; Osteogenesis; Surface Properties
PubMed: 29863948
DOI: 10.1177/0022034518778033 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Oct 2023Owing to their mechanical resilience and non-toxicity, titanium implants are widely applied as the major treatment modality for the clinical intervention against bone... (Review)
Review
Owing to their mechanical resilience and non-toxicity, titanium implants are widely applied as the major treatment modality for the clinical intervention against bone fractures. However, the intrinsic bioinertness of Ti and its alloys often impedes the effective osseointegration of the implants, leading to severe adverse complications including implant loosening, detachment, and secondary bone damage. Consequently, new Ti implant engineering strategies are urgently needed to improve their osseointegration after implantation. Remarkably, metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of novel synthetic material consisting of coordinated metal species and organic ligands, which have demonstrated a plethora of favorable properties for modulating the interfacial properties of Ti implants. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in the development of MOF-coated Ti implants and highlights their potential utility for modulating the bio-implant interface to improve implant osseointegration, of which the discussions are outlined according to their physical traits, chemical composition, and drug delivery capacity. A perspective is also provided in this review regarding the current limitations and future opportunities of MOF-coated Ti implants for orthopedic applications. The insights in this review may facilitate the rational design of more advanced Ti implants with enhanced therapeutic performance and safety.
Topics: Osseointegration; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Titanium; Prostheses and Implants; Bone and Bones
PubMed: 37705110
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303958 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2019
Topics: Bone and Bones; Dental Implants; Osseointegration; Prostheses and Implants; Smoking
PubMed: 30900647
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_140_19 -
Journal of Neuroscience Methods Jun 2023Neurophysiological studies with awake macaques typically require chronic cranial implants. Headpost and connector-chamber implants are used to allow head stabilization...
BACKGROUND
Neurophysiological studies with awake macaques typically require chronic cranial implants. Headpost and connector-chamber implants are used to allow head stabilization and to house connectors of chronically implanted electrodes, respectively.
NEW METHOD
We present long-lasting, modular, cement-free headpost implants made of titanium that consist of two pieces: a baseplate and a top part. The baseplate is implanted first, covered by muscle and skin and allowed to heal and osseointegrate for several weeks to months. The percutaneous part is added in a second, brief surgery. Using a punch tool, a perfectly round skin cut is achieved providing a tight fit around the implant without any sutures. We describe the design, planning and production of manually bent and CNC-milled baseplates. We also developed a remote headposting technique that increases handling safety. Finally, we present a modular, footless connector chamber that is implanted in a similar two-step approach and achieves a minimized footprint on the skull.
RESULTS
Twelve adult male macaques were successfully implanted with a headpost and one with the connector chamber. To date, we report no implant failure, great headpost stability and implant condition, in four cases even more than 9 years post-implantation.
COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS
The methods presented here build on several related previous methods and provide additional refinements to further increase implant longevity and handling safety.
CONCLUSIONS
Optimized implants can remain stable and healthy for at least 9 years and thereby exceed the typical experiment durations. This minimizes implant-related complications and corrective surgeries and thereby significantly improves animal welfare.
Topics: Animals; Male; Macaca; Skull; Head; Neurophysiology; Electrodes, Implanted; Titanium; Osseointegration
PubMed: 37230259
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109899 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2022Titanium implants have been widely applied in dentistry and orthopedics due to their biocompatibility and resistance to mechanical fatigue. TiO nanotube arrays (TiO... (Review)
Review
Titanium implants have been widely applied in dentistry and orthopedics due to their biocompatibility and resistance to mechanical fatigue. TiO nanotube arrays (TiO NTAs) on titanium implant surfaces have exhibited excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity, and adjustability, which can significantly promote osseointegration and participate in its entire path. In this review, to give a comprehensive understanding of the osseointegration process, four stages have been divided according to pivotal biological processes, including protein adsorption, inflammatory cell adhesion/inflammatory response, additional relevant cell adhesion and angiogenesis/osteogenesis. The impact of TiO NTAs on osseointegration is clarified in detail from the four stages. The nanotubular layer can manipulate the quantity, the species and the conformation of adsorbed protein. For inflammatory cells adhesion and inflammatory response, TiO NTAs improve macrophage adhesion on the surface and induce M2-polarization. TiO NTAs also facilitate the repairment-related cells adhesion and filopodia formation for additional relevant cells adhesion. In the angiogenesis and osteogenesis stage, TiO NTAs show the ability to induce osteogenic differentiation and the potential for blood vessel formation. In the end, we propose the multi-dimensional regulation of TiO NTAs on titanium implants to achieve highly efficient manipulation of osseointegration, which may provide views on the rational design and development of titanium implants.
Topics: Adsorption; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 35518451
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S362720 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2016
Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Dental Implants; Dental Polishing; Dental Prosthesis Design; Humans; Osseointegration; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 27723625
DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.191863