-
EuroIntervention : Journal of EuroPCR... Jan 2021This consensus document, a summary of the views of an expert panel organized by the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), appraises...
An EAPCI Expert Consensus Document on Ischaemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries in Collaboration with European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Coronary Pathophysiology & Microcirculation Endorsed by Coronary Vasomotor Disorders International Study Group.
This consensus document, a summary of the views of an expert panel organized by the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), appraises the importance of ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA). Angina pectoris affects approximately 112 million people globally. Up to 70% of patients undergoing invasive angiography do not have obstructive coronary artery disease, more common in women than in men, and a large proportion have INOCA as a cause of their symptoms. INOCA patients present with a wide spectrum of symptoms and signs that are often misdiagnosed as non-cardiac leading to under-diagnosis/investigation and under-treatment. INOCA can result from heterogeneous mechanism including coronary vasospasm and microvascular dysfunction and is not a benign condition. Compared to asymptomatic individuals, INOCA is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular events, repeated hospital admissions, as well as impaired quality of life and associated increased health care costs. This consensus document provides a definition of INOCA and guidance to the community on the diagnostic approach and management of INOCA based on existing evidence from research and best available clinical practice; noting gaps in knowledge and potential areas for further investigation.
Topics: Cardiology; Consensus; Female; Humans; Ischemia; Male; Microcirculation; Quality of Life
PubMed: 32624456
DOI: 10.4244/EIJY20M07_01 -
Current Biology : CB Mar 2013Most small children can tell you that 'reptiles' are the snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and turtles (perhaps with the dinosaurs thrown in) - suggesting that it's easy to... (Review)
Review
Most small children can tell you that 'reptiles' are the snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and turtles (perhaps with the dinosaurs thrown in) - suggesting that it's easy to tell the difference between reptiles and other animals. Unfortunately, evolutionary biologists struggle with the same task, because phylogenetic analysis tells us loud and clear that these different types of what we loosely call 'reptiles' are not particularly closely related to each other (Figure 1). On the evolutionary tree, some of them (dinosaurs, crocodiles) are much more closely related to birds than to the other animals that we call reptiles. Other reptiles are the descendants of very ancient lineages; for example, turtles separated from the other reptiles, including the now-dominant Squamata (lizards and snakes), at least 200 million years ago. And another 200-million-year-old lineage has left just a single survivor, a lizard-like creature (the tuatara), on a few islands in New Zealand.
Topics: Animals; Biodiversity; Biological Evolution; Conservation of Natural Resources; Reproduction; Reptiles
PubMed: 23518049
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.02.024 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Jan 2016This opinion piece offers a commentary on the four papers that address the theme of the development of self and other understanding with a view to highlighting the... (Review)
Review
This opinion piece offers a commentary on the four papers that address the theme of the development of self and other understanding with a view to highlighting the important contribution of developmental research to understanding of mechanisms of social cognition. We discuss potential mechanisms linking self-other distinction and empathy, implications for grouping motor, affective and cognitive domains under a single mechanism, applications of these accounts for joint action and finally consider self-other distinction in group versus dyadic settings.
Topics: Affect; Cognition; Empathy; Humans; Psychology, Developmental; Psychomotor Performance; Self Concept; Social Behavior
PubMed: 26644595
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0076 -
Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences 2023This paper addresses intersectionality and disability in global contexts. Disability as a category of identity is often omitted in rhetoric about intersectionality,...
This paper addresses intersectionality and disability in global contexts. Disability as a category of identity is often omitted in rhetoric about intersectionality, which usually considers race and gender, with some consideration of other identities. However, disability like other identities is socially constructed, and liable to misrepresentation and is often siloed from other issues and experiences. Someone identifying as disabled may not be recognised by those around them as having other identities too. In discussions about intersectionality, a simplistic "additive" approach is common, while the shifting complexities and interactions between people's multiple identities are not considered with nuance. Disabled people may pragmatically adopt a kind of "strategic essentialism". This allows them to claim a disabled identity and a specific dialogic space in order to gain recognition and perhaps access to support and services. However, they may prefer not to be classified in this dichotomised way because this ignores other aspects of them. Often an impairment is only of importance to the extent that it means that the person needs some reasonable adjustments in order to participate on equal basis with others. Arguably the SDGs and other global guidelines and treaties do not address disability as a significant identity sufficiently, nor recognise it as an important aspect of many people in combination with their other identities, rather than a stand-alone feature of them. When analysing the types of disadvantages that people experience, a broader more flexible approach is needed which recognises the ways in which different identities combine and influence people's experiences.
PubMed: 37637932
DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1200386 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Oct 2015Difficulties in self-other processing lie at the core of schizophrenia and pose a problem for patients' daily social functioning. In the present selective review, we... (Review)
Review
Difficulties in self-other processing lie at the core of schizophrenia and pose a problem for patients' daily social functioning. In the present selective review, we provide a framework for understanding self-other integration and distinction, and impairments herein in schizophrenia. For this purpose, we discuss classic motor prediction models in relation to mirror neuron functioning, theory of mind, mimicry, self-awareness, and self-agency phenomena. Importantly, we also discuss the role of more recent cognitive expectation models in these phenomena, and argue that these cognitive models form an essential contribution to our understanding of self-other integration and distinction. In doing so, we bring together different lines of research and connect findings from social psychology, affective neuropsychology, and psychiatry to further our understanding of when and how people integrate versus distinguish self and other, and how this goes wrong in schizophrenia patients.
Topics: Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Mirror Neurons; Models, Theoretical; Schizophrenia; Self Concept; Theory of Mind
PubMed: 26365106
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.004 -
Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) Feb 2023Prioritization of self-related information (e.g. self-face) may be driven by its extreme familiarity. Nevertheless, the findings of numerous behavioral studies reported...
Prioritization of self-related information (e.g. self-face) may be driven by its extreme familiarity. Nevertheless, the findings of numerous behavioral studies reported a self-preference for initially unfamiliar information, arbitrarily associated with the self. In the current study, we investigated the neural underpinnings of extremely familiar stimuli (self-face, close-other's face) and stimuli newly assigned to one's own person and to a close-other (abstract shapes). Control conditions consisted of unknown faces and unknown abstract shapes. Reaction times (RTs) to the self-face were shorter than to close-other's and unknown faces, whereas no RTs differences were observed for shapes. P3 amplitude to the self-face was larger than to close-other's and unknown faces. Nonparametric cluster-based permutation tests showed significant clusters for the self-face vs. other (close-other's, unknown) faces. However, in the case of shapes P3 amplitudes to the self-assigned shape and to the shape assigned to a close-other were similar, and both were larger than P3 to unknown shapes. No cluster was detected for the self-assigned shape when compared with the shape assigned to the close-other. Thus, our findings revealed preferential attentional processing of the self-face and the similar allocation of attentional resources to shapes assigned to the self and a close-other.
Topics: Humans; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Face; Attention; Reaction Time; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 35595543
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac201 -
Social Cognitive and Affective... Jan 2024When asked to categorize faces according to 'race', people typically categorize other-race faces faster than faces belonging to their own race. This 'Other Race...
When asked to categorize faces according to 'race', people typically categorize other-race faces faster than faces belonging to their own race. This 'Other Race Categorization Advantage' is thought to reflect enhanced sensitivity to early visual signals characteristic of other-race faces, and can manifest within 200 ms of face presentation. However, recent research has highlighted the importance of signal intensity in this effect, where visual-degradation of the face images significantly enhances the effect and exposes a behavioural threshold at very low levels of visual quality where other-race visual signals are able to be perceived while same-race signals are not. The current study investigated the effect of signal intensity in race categorization processes in the brain through electroencephalography and in accuracy/reaction times. While replicating the previously observed enhancement of the other-race categorization advantage, we also found enhanced sensitivity to other-race faces in early P1 peaks, as well as later N170 and N250 peaks. These effects, however, related to the varying levels of signal intensity in the face stimuli, suggesting that race categorization may involve different types of perceptual and neural processes rather than one discrete process. The speed at which race is perceived depends on the intensity of the face signal.
Topics: Humans; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Face; Photic Stimulation; Electroencephalography; Brain
PubMed: 38102475
DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad076 -
The Journal of Medicine Access 2023Mental health walk-in clinics (MHWCs) are a model of service delivery that has gained increasing interest and traction. The aim of the study was to better understand how...
BACKGROUND
Mental health walk-in clinics (MHWCs) are a model of service delivery that has gained increasing interest and traction. The aim of the study was to better understand how MHWC use is related to use of other services provided by agencies.
OBJECTIVES
(1) Explore if and how MHWCs are used alongside other services, including the different time points (e.g. MHWCs used exclusively, MHWCs used before other agency services); (2) identify correlates of MHWC use alongside other agency services.
DESIGN
Administrative data from two child and youth mental health agencies in Ontario were extracted, including demographics, visit data, and presenting concerns.
METHODS
In this exploratory, descriptive study, analyses of administrative data were conducted to identify patterns and correlates of MHWC use before other agency services, compared with MHWC use exclusively.
RESULTS
More than half of families used MHWCs and other agency services before or concurrently with other agency services. Child age, guardianship, and disposition at discharge emerged as correlates of MHWC use before other agency services.
CONCLUSIONS
MHWCs are sufficient for some families, easing the pressure on other agency services. For the remaining families, MHWCs can help support them at the beginning of their service use journey.
PubMed: 37534052
DOI: 10.1177/27550834231186682