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International Journal of Nursing Studies Feb 2021Older adults with dysphagia are at a higher risk of experiencing serious complications where dysphagia is not identified and adequately managed. Nursing personnel are... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Older adults with dysphagia are at a higher risk of experiencing serious complications where dysphagia is not identified and adequately managed. Nursing personnel are critical for timely identification and management of dysphagia and prevention of these subsequent serious complications in residential care settings.
OBJECTIVES
To identify dysphagia screening tools used in residential care and to establish whether validated and used as per guidelines, their diagnostic accuracy and reliability and to identify the prevalence rate of dysphagia in this setting.
DESIGN
A scoping review based on Arksey & O'Malley (2005) methodological framework.
DATA SOURCES
An electronic search of databases CINAHL, Pubmed and Scopus was conducted. Reference lists were checked in all identified articles for additional studies. Peer-reviewed publications describing the process of identifying dysphagia and using a screening protocol in residential care settings were considered for inclusion.
REVIEW METHODS
All identified studies were screened by reading of titles, keywords and abstracts. Those articles that were deemed eligible for inclusion were read in full.
RESULTS
Nineteen quantitative studies and one mixed-methods study out of 1,674 articles were included in the review. Thirteen different instruments for dysphagia screening were identified, with the Modified Water Swallow Test being the most commonly used. Other diagnostic procedures, such as fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, pulse oximetry or cervical auscultation, were implemented along with the administration of a dysphagia screening tool in six studies. The 3-Ounce Water Swallow Test, the Yale Swallow Protocol and the Gugging Swallowing Screen were identified as the instruments with the best clinical accuracy values. The reported prevalence of dysphagia in this setting ranged from 15% to 70%.
CONCLUSIONS
Formal dysphagia screening in residential care settings is not common practice. The dysphagia screening tools identified in this review are not validated for use in this setting. The implementation of dysphagia screening protocols specific to this population may facilitate identification of dysphagia and avoid complications.
Topics: Aged; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Mass Screening; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 33220569
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103813 -
Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic... Aug 2022
Topics: Humans; Mitral Valve
PubMed: 35976129
DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivac216 -
Fertility and Sterility Jun 2018
Topics: Cryopreservation; Emotions; Oocytes; Personal Satisfaction
PubMed: 29807656
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.03.023 -
Critical Care Medicine Nov 2017
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Humans; Sepsis
PubMed: 29028704
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002669 -
The Journal of Nutrition Nov 2021Protein quality is an important component of protein intake to support growth, development, and maintenance of essential body tissues and functions. Therefore, protein... (Review)
Review
Protein quality is an important component of protein intake to support growth, development, and maintenance of essential body tissues and functions. Therefore, protein quality should be emphasized as a key characteristic during protein food selection within the larger context of healthy dietary patterns, especially when considering the wide variance of protein quality across animal- and plant-based foods. However, the USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) do not address specific protein quality recommendations within their protein foods ounce equivalents guidance or as a component of Healthy U.S. Style, Healthy Vegetarian, and Healthy Mediterranean Style dietary patterns. In addition, the protein foods ounce equivalents within the DGA are not established on any obvious metabolic equivalency characteristic [i.e., energy, protein, or essential amino acid (EAA) content], which creates misleading messaging of equivalent functional and metabolic benefit across protein foods. EAA content is a key characteristic of protein quality and can be a practical focal point for protein intake recommendations and achieving healthy dietary patterns. This review discusses the importance of protein quality, the state of messaging within DGA recommendations, and proposes EAA density (i.e., EAA content relative to total energy) as one practical approach to improve current dietary recommendations. Two recent publications that evaluated the DGA protein foods ounce equivalents based on metabolic effect and their application within DGA recommended dietary patterns are discussed.
Topics: Amino Acids, Essential; Animals; Diet; Health Status; Nutrition Policy; United States
PubMed: 34386826
DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab262 -
Seminars in Plastic Surgery May 2021Upper and lower eyelid blepharoplasty are common procedures performed to provide a more youthful and rejuvenated appearance. However, this seemingly straightforward... (Review)
Review
Upper and lower eyelid blepharoplasty are common procedures performed to provide a more youthful and rejuvenated appearance. However, this seemingly straightforward procedure may result in lid malpositions, frustrating the patient and surgeon alike, which ultimately require further treatment. We review preoperative assessment pearls to avoid these lid malpositions, as well as options for treating any postoperative complications related to lid position. Many of the techniques discussed in this article, in addition to many other oculoplastic procedures, are available to view in Dr. Richard C. Allen's operative video library at: http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/video/plastics/ .
PubMed: 34121942
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727281 -
Ecancermedicalscience 2020Cancer has increased in all the countries of the world and Mexico is no exception. The recognised risk factors for the main types of cancer are reviewed and searched... (Review)
Review
Cancer has increased in all the countries of the world and Mexico is no exception. The recognised risk factors for the main types of cancer are reviewed and searched through the Mexican government web pages and cancer prevention programmes to tackle the risk factors in the population. The Mexican government, a member of the World Health Organization, shows that the main approach is an early diagnosis rather than prevention, forgetting that an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure. Effective public programmes should be promoted to reduce preventable risk factors in the population (smoking, nutrition, obesity, diet, environmental toxicity, sedentary lifestyle) and control the non-preventable factors (genetics) if we really want to control the incidence of different types of cancer.
PubMed: 32153652
DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.997 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Mar 2023Liver diseases are now the leading cause of both morbidity and mortality profile globally with rising trends due to unhealthy lifestyle. Most of the liver diseases are...
Liver diseases are now the leading cause of both morbidity and mortality profile globally with rising trends due to unhealthy lifestyle. Most of the liver diseases are preventable. Scientific evidences have well supported and documented that almost 90 percent of all major liver diseases are either the manifestations of asymptomatic hepatitis virus infections or poor lifestyle choices leading to accumulation of fat in liver that could be detected even before they present themselves as chronic liver diseases. Understanding liver diseases as a preventable disease and practising necessary preventive measures will help in lowering the risks of various types of liver diseases as well as liver cancer.
PubMed: 37122647
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2225_22 -
Circulation. Heart Failure Apr 2016
Topics: Female; Health Behavior; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Heart Failure; Humans; Male; Risk Reduction Behavior
PubMed: 27072862
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003155 -
PloS One 2022Simulation modeling methods are an increasingly common tool for projecting the potential health effects of policies to decrease sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake....
INTRODUCTION
Simulation modeling methods are an increasingly common tool for projecting the potential health effects of policies to decrease sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake. However, it remains unknown which SSB policies are understudied and how simulation modeling methods could be improved. To inform next steps, we conducted a scoping review to characterize the (1) policies considered and (2) major characteristics of SSB simulation models.
METHODS
We systematically searched 7 electronic databases in 2020, updated in 2021. Two investigators independently screened articles to identify peer-reviewed research using simulation modeling to project the impact of SSB policies on health outcomes. One investigator extracted information about policies considered and key characteristics of models from the full text of included articles. Data were analyzed in 2021-22.
RESULTS
Sixty-one articles were included. Of these, 50 simulated at least one tax policy, most often an ad valorem tax (e.g., 20% tax, n = 25) or volumetric tax (e.g., 1 cent-per-fluid-ounce tax, n = 23). Non-tax policies examined included bans on SSB purchases (n = 5), mandatory reformulation (n = 3), warning labels (n = 2), and portion size policies (n = 2). Policies were typically modeled in populations accounting for age and gender or sex attributes. Most studies focused on weight-related outcomes (n = 54), used cohort, lifetable, or microsimulation modeling methods (n = 34), conducted sensitivity or uncertainty analyses (n = 56), and included supplementary materials (n = 54). Few studies included stakeholders at any point in their process (n = 9) or provided replication code/data (n = 8).
DISCUSSION
Most simulation modeling of SSB policies has focused on tax policies and has been limited in its exploration of heterogenous impacts across population groups. Future research would benefit from refined policy and implementation scenario specifications, thorough assessments of the equity impacts of policies using established methods, and standardized reporting to improve transparency and consistency.
Topics: Beverages; Computer Simulation; Consumer Behavior; Humans; Policy; Sugar-Sweetened Beverages; Taxes
PubMed: 36191026
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275270