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British Journal of Sports Medicine Oct 2018
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Cost of Illness; Humans; Incidence; Sports; Sports Medicine; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 29899048
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099208 -
Journal of Nutritional Science 2022Some consider potatoes to be unhealthy vegetables that may contribute to adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes. We evaluated the association between potato consumption...
Some consider potatoes to be unhealthy vegetables that may contribute to adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes. We evaluated the association between potato consumption (including fried and non-fried types) and three key cardiometabolic outcomes among middle-aged and older adults in the Framingham Offspring Study. We included 2523 subjects ≥30 years of age with available dietary data from 3-d food records. Cox-proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for hypertension, type 2 diabetes or impaired fasting glucose (T2DM/IFG), and elevated triglycerides, adjusting for anthropometric, demographic and lifestyle factors. In the present study, 36 % of potatoes consumed were baked, 28 % fried, 14 % mashed, 9 % boiled and the rest cooked in other ways. Overall, higher total potato intake (≥4 . <1 cup-equivalents/week) was not associated with risks of T2DM/IFG (HR 0⋅97, 95 % CI 0⋅81, 1⋅15), hypertension (HR 0⋅95; 95 % CI 0⋅80, 1⋅12) or elevated triglycerides (HR 0⋅99, 95 % CI 0⋅86, 1⋅13). Stratified analyses were used to evaluate effect modification by physical activity levels and red meat consumption, and in those analyses, there were no adverse effects of potato intake. However, when combined with higher levels of physical activity, greater consumption of fried potatoes was associated with a 24 % lower risk (95 % CI 0⋅60, 0⋅96) of T2DM/IFG, and in combination with lower red meat consumption, higher fried potato intake was associated with a 26 % lower risk (95 % CI 0⋅56, 0⋅99) of elevated triglycerides. In this prospective cohort, there was no adverse association between fried or non-fried potato consumption and risks of T2DM/IFG, hypertension or elevated triglycerides.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypertension; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Prospective Studies; Solanum tuberosum; Triglycerides
PubMed: 36117546
DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.65 -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 1996
Topics: Clinical Medicine; Humans; Managed Care Programs; Organizational Objectives; Preventive Medicine; Public Health; United States
PubMed: 8665648
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.63.3.136 -
European Journal of Nutrition Sep 2023To assess the association between nut and seed consumption, both combined and separately, and metabolic syndrome and its components, including fasting glucose,...
PURPOSE
To assess the association between nut and seed consumption, both combined and separately, and metabolic syndrome and its components, including fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, central obesity, and blood pressure.
METHODS
This cross-sectional analysis used data from 22,687 adults (aged ≥ 18 years) involved in seven cycles (2005-2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Habitual nut and seed intakes were estimated by the Multiple Source Method using data from two 24-h dietary recalls. Metabolic syndrome was ascertained using biochemical data and self-reported medication use. Sex-specific effect estimates were obtained using logistic and linear regressions adjusting for lifestyle and socioeconomic confounders.
RESULTS
Compared to non-consumers, female, but not male, habitual consumers of either nuts or seeds had lower odds of having metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.71, 0.97). Both nut intake alone and seed intake alone were inversely associated with high fasting glucose and low HDL-cholesterol in females compared to non-consumers. When restricted to habitual consumers only, the combined intake of nuts and seeds at 6 g/day was associated with the lowest triglycerides and highest HDL-cholesterol in females. Combined consumption of nuts and seeds up to one ounce-equivalent (15 g) per day, but not in higher intake levels, was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome, high fasting glucose, central obesity, and low HDL-cholesterol in females.
CONCLUSIONS
Nut and seed consumption, both separately or combined, below 15 g/day was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome and its component conditions in females but not males.
Topics: Adult; Male; Humans; Female; Metabolic Syndrome; Nutrition Surveys; Nuts; Obesity, Abdominal; Cross-Sectional Studies; Obesity; Diet; Triglycerides; Seeds; Cholesterol, HDL; Glucose
PubMed: 37115204
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03157-1 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.... May 2022Preoperative risk calculators provide individualized risk assessment and stratification for surgical patients. Recently, several general surgery-derived models have been...
UNLABELLED
Preoperative risk calculators provide individualized risk assessment and stratification for surgical patients. Recently, several general surgery-derived models have been applied to the plastic surgery patient population, and several plastic surgery-specific calculators have been developed. In this scoping review, the authors aimed to identify and critically appraise risk calculators implemented in postmastectomy breast reconstruction.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Included studies described the development of a novel risk calculator, or validation of an existing calculator, in postmastectomy breast reconstruction.
RESULTS
In total, 4641 studies met criteria for title and abstract screening. Forty-seven were eligible for full-text review, and 28 met final inclusion criteria. The most common risk calculators included the Breast Reconstruction Risk Assessment score (n = 6 studies), modified frailty index (n = 3), Caprini score (n = 3), and ACS NSQIP calculator (n = 2). Calculators were applied to institutional data (n = 17), NSQIP (n = 6), and Tracking Outcomes in Plastic Surgery (n = 1) databases. Predicted outcomes included general postoperative complications (n = 17), venous thromboembolism/pulmonary embolism (n = 4), infection (n = 2), and patient reported outcomes (n = 2). Model accuracy was reported in 18 studies, and it varied significantly (accurate risk calculator 0.49-0.85).
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to provide a systematic review of available risk calculators for breast reconstruction. Models vary significantly in their statistical basis, predicted outcomes, and overall accuracy. Risk calculators are valuable tools that may aid in individualized risk assessments, preoperative counseling, and expectation management in breast reconstruction.
PubMed: 35702532
DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000004324 -
PloS One 2022Taxes are increasingly used as a policy tool aimed at reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), given their association with adverse health outcomes...
INTRODUCTION
Taxes are increasingly used as a policy tool aimed at reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), given their association with adverse health outcomes including type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. However, a potential unintended consequence of such a policy could be that the tax induces substitution to alcoholic beverages. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the $0.0175 per ounce Seattle, Washington, Sweetened Beverage Tax (SBT) on volume sold of alcoholic beverages.
METHODS
A difference-in-differences estimation approach was used drawing on universal product code-level food store scanner data on beer (N = 1059) and wine (N = 2655) products one-year pre-tax (February-November, 2017) and one and two-years post-tax (February-November, 2018 and 2019) with Portland, Oregon, as the comparison site.
RESULTS
At two-years post-tax implementation, volume sold of beer in Seattle relative to Portland increased by 7% (ratio of incidence rate ratios [RIRR] = 1.07, 95% CI:1.00,1.15), whereas volume sold of wine decreased by 3% (RIRR = 0.97, 95% CI:0.95,1.00). Overall alcohol (both beer and wine) volume sold increased in Seattle compared to Portland by 4% (RIRR = 1.04, 95% CI:1.01,1.07) at one-year post-tax and by 5% (RIRR = 1.05, 95% CI:1.00,1.10) at two-years post-tax. The implied SSB cross-price elasticities of demand for beer and wine, respectively, were calculated to be 0.35 and -0.15.
CONCLUSIONS
There was evidence of substitution to beer following the implementation of the Seattle SSB tax. Continued monitoring of potential unintended outcomes related to the implementation of SSB taxes is needed in future tax evaluations.
Topics: Alcoholic Beverages; Commerce; Consumer Behavior; Costs and Cost Analysis; Government Regulation; Health Plan Implementation; Humans; Sugar-Sweetened Beverages; Taxes
PubMed: 35041717
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262578 -
Pathogens and Global Health Dec 2013The maxim 'an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure' finds few better demonstrations than with malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax. Thoroughly neglected over the... (Review)
Review
The maxim 'an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure' finds few better demonstrations than with malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax. Thoroughly neglected over the past 60 years, the chemotherapy of this complex infection has been dangerous and ineffective until the present. Work is at last being done, but seeing that translate to real improvements at the periphery of care delivery will take years of deliberate effort. In the meantime, patients face substantial risk of debilitating, threatening, and fatal courses of illness associated with a diagnosis of vivax malaria. For some of the most vulnerable to such outcomes--pregnant women and infants--repeated attacks of acute vivax malaria from a single infectious anopheline bite is now not preventable. One of the few measures than can be immediately applied with rigor is vector control, thereby effectively preventing as many of these difficult and dangerous infections as possible. This commentary emphasizes the dire consequences of infection by P. vivax and the real difficulty of dealing with them. That, in turn, emphasizes the many benefits to be derived by preventing them in the first place.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Malaria, Vivax; Male; Mosquito Control; Pregnancy; Secondary Prevention
PubMed: 24428831
DOI: 10.1179/2047772413Z.000000000179 -
Anesthesiology Feb 2019
Topics: Amisulpride; Humans; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting; Vomiting
PubMed: 30585788
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002536 -
Nutrients Aug 2023Parents play a significant role in adolescent health behaviors; however, few nutrition interventions for Hispanic adolescents involve parents. This study assessed the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Diet Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing a Parenting Intervention Simultaneously Targeting Healthy Eating and Substance Use Prevention among Hispanic Middle-School Adolescents.
Parents play a significant role in adolescent health behaviors; however, few nutrition interventions for Hispanic adolescents involve parents. This study assessed the effects of a 10-week parenting intervention simultaneously targeting nutrition and substance use prevention. Hispanic parent/6th-8th-grade adolescent dyads (n = 239) were randomized to Families Preparing the New Generation Plus (FPNG+; nutrition/substance use prevention), FPNG (substance use prevention only), or Realizing the American Dream (RAD; academic success control). Surveys assessed diet, alcohol use, substance use intentions, and substance use norms at baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and at 16 weeks post-intervention (T3). Latent change modeling assessed diet changes; adolescent substance use outcomes were assessed using effect sizes. Among adolescents, those in FPNG+ increased fruit (+0.32 cup equivalents, = 0.022) and fiber intake (+1.06 g, = 0.048) and did not change added sugars intake at T2; those in FPNG and RAD reduced their intake of fruit and fiber ( < 0.05 for both). FPNG+ parents marginally increased fruit/vegetable intake (+0.17 cup equivalents, = 0.054) and increased whole grains intake (+0.25-ounce equivalents, < 0.05), in contrast to the reduction among RAD and FPNG parents ( < 0.05). Reductions in added sugar intake at T2 were greater among FPNG and FPNG+ parents relative to RAD parents ( < 0.05). FPNG+ and FPNG had comparable substance use outcomes (i.e., both had lower alcohol use and intentions to use substances relative to RAD). Engaging parents in a nutrition and substance use prevention parenting intervention yielded positive changes in dietary intake and maintained substance use prevention outcomes among their adolescent children.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Diet; Diet, Healthy; Hispanic or Latino; Parenting; Parents
PubMed: 37686822
DOI: 10.3390/nu15173790 -
Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.... 1989Calcium supplements are widely used, yet many questions remain as to the absorption of various calcium salts. Because the solubility of many calcium salts is dependent... (Review)
Review
Calcium supplements are widely used, yet many questions remain as to the absorption of various calcium salts. Because the solubility of many calcium salts is dependent upon pH, the type of salt used, the condition of the patient, and the time of administration should be considered. Studies show that many calcium supplements on the market today do not meet standards of quality established in the "U.S. Pharmacopeia" (USP). Consumers must be discerning about the products they purchase. Calcium supplements should be taken with meals to ensure solubility. Calcium carbonate, and particularly tribasic calcium phosphate tablets, are not recommended for patients with achlorhydria. Calcium tablets, like almost all drugs, should be taken with 8 ounces of water or other liquid.
Topics: Calcium; Humans; Tablets
PubMed: 2517700
DOI: No ID Found