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Journal of the American Society of... Dec 2021
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Kidney Transplantation; Transplant Recipients; Vaccination
PubMed: 36734819
DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2021101347 -
JACC. Case Reports Jul 2021
PubMed: 34317684
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2021.03.023 -
Journal of Occupational and... May 2022To estimate the impact of hydration interventions on postworkday hydration status and incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the impact of hydration interventions on postworkday hydration status and incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI).
METHODS
Thirty agricultural workers were first monitored on a workday without any interventions. On the intervention workday, the same workers were randomized to one of two groups: 169 ounces (oz) (5 L) of plain water (n = 16) or 169 oz (5L) of water with electrolytes (n = 14).
RESULTS
No participants in the electrolyte group had an estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the end of the workday of less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 or met the criteria for AKI in comparison to the water group (eGFR < 90: 15%; AKI: 23%) or the control group (eGFR < 90: 28%; AKI: 18%).
CONCLUSION
The study showed that drinking water with electrolytes may lower the risk for development of AKI among agricultural workers.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Electrolytes; Farmers; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Pilot Projects; Risk Factors; Water
PubMed: 35260538
DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002531 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions Sep 2019
Topics: Heart Rupture, Post-Infarction; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31537283
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2019.06.010 -
European Heart Journal Dec 2016
Topics: Aged; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 27590452
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw354 -
Journal of Translational Internal... Apr 2016Recent recommendations that limits to dietary cholesterol be dropped were probably heavily influenced by propaganda from the egg industry. After conviction for false... (Review)
Review
Recent recommendations that limits to dietary cholesterol be dropped were probably heavily influenced by propaganda from the egg industry. After conviction for false advertising, the industry has spent hundreds of millions of dollars to convince the public, physicians, and policy makers that dietary cholesterol and egg yolk are harmless. However, there are good reasons for longstanding recommendations that dietary cholesterol be limited to <200 mg/ day in persons at risk of vascular disease. It is seldom understood that this essentially means all people in developed countries who expect to attain an advanced age. There is abundant evidence that dietary cholesterol increases cardiovascular risk. The misdirection of the egg industry focuses on fasting levels of LDL cholesterol, which are only raised by ~ 10% by consumption of egg yolks. However, the main effect of diet is on the post-prandial state: for ~ 4 hours after a high fat/high cholesterol meal, there is oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial inflammation. One large (65 g) egg yolk contains 237 mg of cholesterol, well above the recommended limit-nearly as much as a 12-ounce hamburger. Besides the very high cholesterol content of egg yolk, the phosphatidylcholine in egg yolk leads, via action of the intestinal microbiome, to production of trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO), which causes atherosclerosis in animal models. Levels of TMAO in the top quartile after a test dose of two egg yolks were associated with a 2.5-fold increase in the 3-year risk of stroke, death, or myocardial infarction among patients referred for coronary angiography. Persons at risk of cardiovascular disease should limit their intake of cholesterol and egg yolk.
PubMed: 28191513
DOI: 10.1515/jtim-2016-0005 -
Vascular Health and Risk Management 2019Spironolactone, an antagonist of aldosterone, initially used as a potassium-sparing diuretic, was subsequently shown to be a very effective adjunctive agent in the... (Review)
Review
Spironolactone, an antagonist of aldosterone, initially used as a potassium-sparing diuretic, was subsequently shown to be a very effective adjunctive agent in the treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, by halting the disease progression, with significant beneficial effects on both morbidity and mortality. Other uses comprise resistant hypertension, edema in patients with cirrhosis, and other on- and off-label uses. Recent data indicate that spironolactone also may offer some symptomatic relief in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. However, a variable percentage of patients, particularly among the aged group, may have difficulty in swallowing or may be unable to swallow tablets and thus are deprived of the benefits of such therapy. In 2017, the FDA approved a liquid suspension formulation of spironolactone, CaroSpir, which will enable more heart failure and other patients in need of aldosterone inhibition to avail themselves of the protective and beneficial effects of spironolactone. The new drug formulation comes as a banana-flavored oral suspension that contains 25 mg/5 mL of spironolactone, supplied in 4-ounce (118 mL) and 16-ounce (473 mL) bottles. The details of this drug formulation development and the benefits of spironolactone use in patients with heart failure with a focus on patient selection are herein reviewed.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Decision-Making; Diuretics; Dosage Forms; Drug Compounding; Flavoring Agents; Heart Failure; Humans; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Patient Selection; Risk Factors; Spironolactone; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31920323
DOI: 10.2147/VHRM.S210150 -
Journal of Nutrition Education and... Mar 2022To identify factors that influence the sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake of caregivers of middle school-aged adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
To identify factors that influence the sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake of caregivers of middle school-aged adolescents.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional.
SETTING
Southwestern Virginia, US, part of Central Appalachia.
PARTICIPANTS
Caregivers (n = 362) of adolescents enrolled in the Kids SIPsmartER trial. Participants were mostly female (91%) and non-Hispanic White (96%), and 21% received Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Caregiver daily SSB intake and demographics, personal-level, interpersonal-level, and environmental-level determinants.
ANALYSIS
Descriptive statistics, 1-way ANOVA, and stepwise regression.
RESULTS
On average, caregivers consumed 25.7 (SD, 33.2) fluid ounces of SSB per day. In the final model, which included all variables, age (β = -0.41; P < 0.05), receiving SNAP benefits (β = 14.19; P ≤ 0.01), behavioral intentions (β = -5.48; P ≤ 0.001), affective attitudes (β = -2.15, P < 0.05), perceptions of whether their adolescent frequently consumes high amounts of SSB (β = 1.92; P ≤ 0.001), and home availability (β = 7.43; P ≤ 0.01) were significantly associated with SSB intake.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Caregivers of Appalachian middle school students are high SSB consumers. Findings highlight the importance of implementing behavioral interventions for caregivers of adolescents that target multiple levels of influence, including demographic, personal-level, interpersonal-level, and environmental-level factors. Interventions may be particularly important for communities and groups with higher SSB intakes, such as those in Appalachia and who receive SNAP benefits.
Topics: Adolescent; Appalachian Region; Caregivers; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Food Assistance; Humans; Male; Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
PubMed: 34953641
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.09.010 -
JAMA Network Open Jul 2023Taxes on sweetened beverages are being implemented around the globe; an understanding of these taxes on individual-level behavior is necessary.
IMPORTANCE
Taxes on sweetened beverages are being implemented around the globe; an understanding of these taxes on individual-level behavior is necessary.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the degree to which the sweetened beverage tax in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was associated with changes in beverage prices and individual-level purchasing over time at a national pharmacy chain in Philadelphia compared with Baltimore, Maryland.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Using a difference-in-differences approach and generalized linear mixed models, this cohort study examined beverage purchases made by loyalty cardholders at a national chain pharmacy retailer with stores in Philadelphia and Baltimore (control city) from before tax to after tax. Beverage sales (in US dollars) were linked by unique loyalty card numbers to enable longitudinal analyses. Data were collected from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2017 (2 years before tax and 1 year after tax); data analyses were conducted from January through October 2022.
EXPOSURE
Implementation of Philadelphia's 1.5 cents/oz tax on sweetened beverages.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The outcomes were the change in mean beverage price per-ounce and mean beverage volume purchased per cardholder transaction. Individual-level point-of-sale scanner data from all beverage purchases were analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 1188 unique beverages were purchased from the same stores before tax and after tax. There were 231 065 unique cardholders in Philadelphia and 82 517 in Baltimore. Mean prices of taxed beverages (n = 2 094 220) increased by 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3-2.0) cents/oz (106.7% pass-through) in Philadelphia compared with Baltimore from before tax to after tax. Philadelphia cardholders purchased 7.8% (95% CI -8.1% to -7.5%) fewer ounces of taxed beverages and 1.1% (95% CI, 0.6%-1.7%) more ounces of nontaxed beverages per transaction. Taxed beverages made up a smaller percentage of cardholders' overall beverage purchases after tax (-13.4% [95% CI, -14.2% to -12.6%]), while nontaxed beverages made up a larger share (9.3% [95% CI, 7.7%-10.7%]).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this longitudinal cohort study of the Philadelphia beverage tax, the tax was completely passed through to prices and was associated with a 7.8% decline in ounces of taxed beverages purchased at a national pharmacy chain.
Topics: Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Philadelphia; Cohort Studies; Beverages; Taxes; Pharmacy
PubMed: 37440231
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.23200 -
Academic Emergency Medicine : Official... Jul 1996
Topics: Emergency Medical Services; Health Behavior; Humans; Primary Prevention; Risk Factors
PubMed: 8816177
DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03483.x