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Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Aug 2022This study aimed to compare the analgesic effect between carprofen and grapiprant every 12 or 24 h on postoperative pain in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy, in...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to compare the analgesic effect between carprofen and grapiprant every 12 or 24 h on postoperative pain in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy, in addition to the effects on the hematological, biochemical and urinalysis variables.
METHODS
A total of 32 female cats were randomly divided into three groups, according to the treatment administered with the first dose given orally 90 mins before surgery, as follows: CAR (cats received 4 mg/kg carprofen, n = 11); GRA1 (cats received 2 mg/kg grapiprant, n = 10); and GRA2 (cats received 2 mg/kg grapiprant q12h, n = 11). Pain was assessed by UNESP-Botucatu Multidimensional Composite Pain Scale (UNESP) and Glasgow Feline Composite Measure Pain Scale (GLASGOW) for cats preoperatively (baseline) and at 1, 3, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after extubation. Venous blood was collected at baseline, and 12 and 24 h after the administration of carprofen or grapiprant to perform a complete blood count (CBC), the percentage of Heinz bodies and serum biochemistry (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatinine and urea). Urinalysis was performed at baseline and 24 h after extubation. Glucose levels were evaluated at baseline and 1 h postoperatively.
RESULTS
Pain scores were not significantly different among groups in both scales, although pain was higher at 3 h in comparison with 24 h in all groups. In the GRA1 and GRA2 groups, 67% (14/21) of cats needed rescue analgesia compared with 18% (2/11) in the CAR group. Glucose increased from baseline to 1 h in the GRA1 and GRA2 groups. None of the CBC, serum biochemistry and urinalysis variables differed among groups.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Grapiprant did not promote adequate analgesia during the first 3 h postoperatively in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy compared with carprofen, and no benefits were observed by administering grapiprant every 12 h.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Carbazoles; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Glucose; Hysterectomy; Imidazoles; Ovariectomy; Pain, Postoperative; Pyridines; Sulfonylurea Compounds; Urinalysis
PubMed: 35531962
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X221097935 -
Journal of Animal Science Jan 2020Ovariectomy (spaying) using the trans-vaginal dropped ovary technique (DOT) is performed to prevent pregnancy in cull female beef cattle that are not retained for...
Ovariectomy (spaying) using the trans-vaginal dropped ovary technique (DOT) is performed to prevent pregnancy in cull female beef cattle that are not retained for breeding stock in areas practicing extensive grazing management. There are no reports describing analgesia for this surgical procedure. The objective of this study was to measure behavioral and physiological responses to determine whether an analgesic protocol of BXK [butorphanol (0.01 mg/kg), xylazine (0.02 mg/kg), and ketamine (0.04 mg/kg)] injected intramuscularly (i.m.) before spaying could mitigate procedural and immediate postsurgical pain, and whether oral meloxicam (1 mg/kg) administered at the time of spaying could mitigate postsurgical inflammatory pain. Forty-four red Angus and Angus crossbred yearling heifers (322 ± 27.0 kg BW) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups: PALP (control; palpated but not spayed; n = 14), SPAY (spayed with no analgesia; n = 15), and BXKM (spayed with analgesia; n = 15). Behavioral measurements included visual analog scale (VAS) score, flight speed (FS), stride length (SL), and gait score (GS), as well as activity (lying, standing) and feeding behavior. Physiological measurements included salivary cortisol (SC), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), substance P (SP), complete blood count (CBC), and rectal temperature (RT). Saliva and blood samples were collected, and RT, FS, SL, and GS were measured on day -1, day 0 (time of palpation/spaying), and hours 1, 2, 4, and days 1, 2, 4, and 7 after palpation/spaying. The BXKM heifers had lower SC concentrations than SPAY heifers at 1 h (P = 0.01) and 2 h (P = 0.004). Heifers treated with BXKM had Hp concentrations lower than SPAY heifers at 2 d (P = 0.01), 4 d (P < 0.001), and 7 d (P = 0.008), and lower Hp concentrations than PALP heifers at 4 d (P < 0.001). Concentrations of SAA were greater (P = 0.04) in BXKM heifers than in PALP heifers at 1 h and lower in PALP heifers than in BXKM heifers (P = 0.02) and SPAY heifers (P = 0.05) at 1 d. Heifers in the BXKM group had higher RT than PALP and SPAY heifers at 1 h (P < 0.001) and 2 h (P = 0.004). Results suggest that DOT ovariectomy is acutely stressful and painful and administration of BXK before spaying and meloxicam at the time of spaying mitigated the procedural and postsurgical stress, pain, and inflammation.
Topics: Analgesics; Animal Welfare; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Biomarkers; Breeding; Cattle; Female; Inflammation; Meloxicam; Ovariectomy; Ovary; Pain
PubMed: 31875222
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz386 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Apr 2022Fragility fracture is one of the most serious consequences of female aging, which can increase the risk of death. Therefore, paying attention to the pathogenesis of...
BACKGROUND
Fragility fracture is one of the most serious consequences of female aging, which can increase the risk of death. Therefore, paying attention to the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is very important for elderly women.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Forty 12-week-old female rats were divided into two groups including the ovariectomy (OVX) group and the control group. Four rats in each group were selected at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after operation. Vertebral bones and femurs were dissected completely for micro-Computed Tomography (micro-CT) scanning, biological modulus detection and histomorphological observation.
RESULTS
In OVX group, bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), bone trabecular connection density (Conn.D) and trabecular bone number (Tb.N) decreased significantly with time (P < 0.05). The elastic modulus of femur in OVX group was lower than that in control group, but there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). Over time, the tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), osteocalcin (BGP), type I procollagen amino terminal propeptide (PINP) and type I collagen carboxy terminal peptide (CTX-I) in OVX group increased significantly (P < 0.05). The micrographs of the OVX group showed sparse loss of the trabecular interconnectivity and widening intertrabecular spaces with time.
CONCLUSION
The bone loss patterns of vertebral body and femur were different in the early stage of estrogen deficiency. The bone turnover rate of OVX rats increased, however the changes of biomechanical properties weren't obvious.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Bone Remodeling; Female; Humans; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 35366843
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05265-1 -
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... Apr 2023Hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy are common major surgical procedures that have been associated with increased mortality risk. We aimed to assess the association...
INTRODUCTION
Hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy are common major surgical procedures that have been associated with increased mortality risk. We aimed to assess the association of hysterectomy and/or bilateral oophorectomy with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a Norwegian population.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Cohort study with data from The Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2) linked to the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry, with follow-up from 1996 until 2014 or death. The unexposed group (n = 18 673) included women with both their ovaries and uterus intact, while the two exposed groups included women with hysterectomy alone (n = 1199), or bilateral oophorectomy with or without hysterectomy (n = 907). We compared mortality in exposed vs unexposed groups and adjusted for relevant covariates by Cox regression. Further, we performed analyses stratified by age at surgery (≤39, 40-52, ≥53 years) and subgroup analyses among women ≤52 years of age at inclusion.
RESULTS
Among the 47 312 women in HUNT2 (1995-1997), 20 779 provided complete information regarding gynecological surgery and previous health. The hysterectomy group had increased all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.58) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.09-1.97). We found no significant association between bilateral oophorectomy and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality in the total population. However, among women ≤52 years at inclusion, cardiovascular mortality was increased in the hysterectomy group (HR 2.71, 95% CI 1.19-6.17) with a similar, but less precise estimate in the bilateral oophorectomy group (HR 2.42, 95% CI 0.84-6.93).
CONCLUSIONS
Hysterectomy was associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, whereas bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was not. Among women ≤52 years at inclusion, both hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy were associated with a twofold increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, but the results were imprecise. Women after hysterectomy and/or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy constitute a group with increased cardiovascular mortality that may need closer attention to cardiovascular disease risk from the healthcare system to ensure timely and effective preventive interventions.
Topics: Female; Humans; Cohort Studies; Ovariectomy; Hysterectomy; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 36814418
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14531 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Mar 2016A prospective randomized study was used to compare surgery times for laparoscopic ovariectomy and salpingectomy in female African lion (Panthera leo) (n = 14) and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
A prospective randomized study was used to compare surgery times for laparoscopic ovariectomy and salpingectomy in female African lion (Panthera leo) (n = 14) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) (n = 20) and to compare the use of a multiple portal access system (MPAS) and single portal access system (SPAS) between groups. Two different portal techniques were used, namely MPAS (three separate ports) in lions and SPAS (SILS™ port) in cheetahs, using standard straight laparoscopic instruments. Portal access system and first ovary was not randomized. Five different surgery times were compared for the two different procedures as well as evaluating the use and application of MPAS and SPAS. Carbon dioxide volumes for lions were recorded.
RESULTS
In adult lionesses operative time (OPT) (P = 0.016) and total surgical time (TST) (P = 0.032) were significantly shorter for salpingectomy compared to ovariectomy. Similarly in cheetahs OPT (P = 0.001) and TST (P = 0.005) were also shorter for salpingectomy compared to ovariectomy. In contrast, in lion cubs no difference was found in surgery times for ovariectomy and salpingectomy. Total unilateral procedure time was shorter than the respective bilateral time for both procedures (P = 0.019 and P = 0.001) respectively and unilateral salpingectomy was also faster than unilateral ovariectomy (P = 0.035) in cheetahs. Port placement time, suturing time and TST were significantly shorter for SPAS compared to MPAS (P = 0.008). There was, however, no difference in OPT between SPAS and MPAS. Instrument cluttering with SPAS was found to be negligible. There was no difference in mean volume CO2 required to complete ovariectomy in lions but the correlation between bodyweight and total volume of CO2 in lions was significant (rs = 0.867; P = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
Laparoscopic salpingectomy was faster than ovariectomy in both adult lions and cheetahs. Using SPAS, both unilateral procedures were faster than bilateral procedures in cheetahs. Placement and suturing of SPAS in cheetahs was easier and faster compared to three separate ports in lions and lion cubs. The use of standard straight instruments during SPAS did not prolong surgery. Surgery was faster in cubs and CO2 required for laparoscopic sterilization in lions could be determined. Predictable surgery times and CO2 volumes will facilitate the accurate planning and execution of surgery in lions and cheetahs.
Topics: Acinonyx; Animals; Animals, Zoo; Female; Laparoscopy; Lions; Ovariectomy; Prospective Studies; Salpingectomy; Time
PubMed: 26935755
DOI: 10.1186/s13028-016-0199-2 -
American Journal of Epidemiology Jan 2011Removal or impairment of ovaries before menopause may affect a woman's breast cancer risk by altering her cumulative exposure to ovarian hormones. The Women's... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Removal or impairment of ovaries before menopause may affect a woman's breast cancer risk by altering her cumulative exposure to ovarian hormones. The Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study, a population-based, multicenter case-control study of incident invasive breast cancer, recruited women aged 35-64 years (4,490 cases and 4,611 controls) who provided data on ovariectomy, hysterectomy, and tubal sterilization during in-person interviews. Controls were frequency-matched to cases by age, race, and study site. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used. Women who had not undergone premenopausal reproductive surgery were the referent group. Bilateral ovariectomy was associated with reduced breast cancer risk overall (odds ratio (OR) = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50, 0.69) and among women <45 years of age (ORs ranged from 0.31 to 0.52), but not among those who were older at surgery. It was also associated with a reduced risk for estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive tumors (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.75) but not receptor-negative tumors. Hysterectomy with ovarian conservation (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.96) and hysterectomy with partial ovary removal (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.91) were also associated with lower risk. No association with breast cancer risk was observed with tubal sterilization only or partial ovariectomy without hysterectomy. Reproductive organ surgeries may alter ovarian hormone levels, thereby affecting breast cancer risk.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Breast Neoplasms; Contraception; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hysterectomy; Incidence; Middle Aged; Ovariectomy; Reproductive History; Risk Factors; Sterilization, Tubal; United States
PubMed: 21109566
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq339 -
Journal of Oleo Science Jun 2022Women are more resistant to vascular diseases; however, the resistance is reduced after menopause. It has been reported that the risk of vascular diseases such as...
Women are more resistant to vascular diseases; however, the resistance is reduced after menopause. It has been reported that the risk of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm is increased in postmenopausal women. Currently, methods to prevent vascular disease in postmenopausal women have not been established. Isoflavones are promising functional food factors that have a chemical structure similar to estrogen. In this study, we investigated the effects of isoflavones on ovariectomized (OVX)-induced degeneration of the aortic wall in mice. Increased destruction of elastic fibers in the thoracic and abdominal aorta was observed in the OVX group, and isoflavones attenuated the destruction of elastic fibers. The positive areas of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in the OVX group were higher than those in the control group. Isoflavones decreased the positive areas of MMP-2 and MMP-9 compared to those in the OVX group. These data suggest that isoflavones have a suppressive effect on OVX-induced degeneration of the aortic wall by inhibiting the increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9.
Topics: Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Female; Humans; Isoflavones; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Mice; Ovariectomy
PubMed: 35584959
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22043 -
BMC Veterinary Research Nov 2018Surgical treatment of ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) in dogs usually necessitates large celiotomies and considerable manipulation of organs because of the relatively...
BACKGROUND
Surgical treatment of ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) in dogs usually necessitates large celiotomies and considerable manipulation of organs because of the relatively deep position of ovarian remnant tissue, large patient size, and often encountered adhesions. In women, laparoscopic treatment of ORS is successful and has significant advantages over laparotomy. Since laparoscopic ovariectomy has significant advantages over open ovariectomy in dogs, including reduced surgical stress and postoperative pain and shorter convalescence period, the rationale for a laparoscopic approach of canine ORS is evident. Feasibility and efficacy of a laparoscopic approach for treatment of ORS in dogs was prospectively evaluated using a standardized protocol for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Treatment success was evaluated by histology of removed tissues, postoperative hormone testing, and long-term clinical follow-up.
RESULTS
Thirty-two client-owned predominantly medium and large breed dogs diagnosed with ORS underwent abdominal ultrasound for ovarian remnant localization prior to laparoscopic surgery for removal of ovarian remnants. Tissue dissection and excision was performed using a vessel sealing forceps. Laparoscopy subjectively enabled detailed visibility and facilitated detection and removal of suspected ovarian tissue in all cases. Histology confirmed ovarian origin of removed tissue in all dogs. Additionally, a GnRH stimulation test was performed in fourteen dogs after a median follow-up of 10.5 months, which verified absence of residual functional ovarian remnant tissue in all dogs. Median surgery duration was 97.5 min and mean total convalescence duration, subjectively scored by owners, was 1.5 ± 0.7 days. No major complications occurred. Adhesions were observed in 79% of the dogs, complicated the surgical approach, and significantly affected surgery duration (85 versus 109 min; p = 0.03). Minor hemorrhage occurred in 12% and significantly increased surgery duration (95.5 versus 128 min; p = 0.02). Trendelenburg position and lateral tilting of the patient were essential for proper access to ovarian remnants. GnRH stimulation test results and/or absence of clinical signs indicative of ORS after a median follow-up period of 22.5 months confirmed treatment efficacy in all dogs.
CONCLUSION
Laparoscopic surgery for ORS in dogs is effective with minimal complications and short convalescence and can successfully replace the conventional, more invasive open surgical procedure.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Laparoscopy; Ovarian Diseases; Ovariectomy; Ovary; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 30404648
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1658-y -
Clinical Cancer Research : An Official... Nov 2010Here, we review factors associated with uptake of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy by women at increased hereditary risk for ovarian cancer, as well as quality of... (Review)
Review
Here, we review factors associated with uptake of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy by women at increased hereditary risk for ovarian cancer, as well as quality of life issues following surgery. Forty-one research studies identified through PubMed and PsychInfo met inclusion criteria. Older age, having had children, a family history of ovarian cancer, a personal history of breast cancer, prophylactic mastectomy, and BRCA1/2 mutation carrier status increase the likelihood of undergoing surgery. Psychosocial variables predictive of surgery uptake include greater perceived risk of ovarian cancer and cancer-related anxiety. Most women report satisfaction with their decision to undergo surgery and both lower perceived ovarian cancer risk and less cancer-related anxiety as benefits. Hormonal deprivation is the main disadvantage reported, particularly by premenopausal women who are not on hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). The evidence is mixed about satisfaction with the level of information provided prior to surgery, although generally, women report receiving insufficient information about the pros and cons of HRT. These findings indicate that when designing decision aids, demographic, medical history, and psychosocial variables need to be addressed in order to facilitate quality decision making.
Topics: Carcinoma; Choice Behavior; Decision Making; Female; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Medical Oncology; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Patient Education as Topic; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior; Salpingostomy
PubMed: 20829330
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2953 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Apr 2021The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ovariohysterectomy (OVH) on feline mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia (FMFH) treatment, as well as the...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ovariohysterectomy (OVH) on feline mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia (FMFH) treatment, as well as the influence of previous injectable progestin on clinical signs and treatment of FMFH.
METHODS
Seventy-nine female cats diagnosed with FMFH between 2014 and 2018 were included. The animals were distributed as follows: (1) treated only with OVH (TA) or OVH plus antiprogestin (TB); and (2) no administration (G1) or previous administration (G2) of injectable progestin before FMFH diagnosis. Data regarding clinical signs of FMFH, occurrence of persistent mammary growth after OVH, and time until complete remission of FMFH post-surgery were recorded and evaluated.
RESULTS
Mastectomy was not performed in any cat during the study. TA was adopted in 71/79 (89.9%) cases, with 42/71 (59.2%) from G2 and 29/71 (40.8%) from G1. TB was adopted in 8/79 (10.1%) cats, all from G2. Total remission of FMFH was observed in 73/79 (92.4%) cats, with six animals from G2 having died (n = 6/79 [7.6%]). The time until complete remission of FMFH was higher ( <0.0001) in cats from G2 than from G1. Moreover, animals from G2 had a higher percentage of persistent mammary growth after OVH ( <0.001) and a tendency to higher mortality ( = 0.052) compared with G1.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Previous treatment with injectable progestin may result in a more complex clinical presentation of FMFH. Ovariohysterectomy is a good treatment option for FMFH when there is no interest in breeding the queen. Treatment with antiprogestin is recommended, especially if persistent mammary growth is detected after OVH.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Hyperplasia; Hysterectomy; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal; Ovariectomy; Progestins
PubMed: 32812465
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X20950551