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International Journal of Qualitative... Dec 2021: In light of the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, understanding the experiences, strategies and challenges encountered when trying to achieve...
: In light of the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, understanding the experiences, strategies and challenges encountered when trying to achieve substantial, sustainable weight loss is an important area to investigate. We systematically evaluated qualitative studies focusing on the accounts of individuals who have achieved sustained weight loss to create a comprehensive picture of the experience of sustainable weight loss. : Included studies were peer-reviewed studies that qualitatively assessed the views and experiences of adults who previously had or currently have overweight or obesity who successfully lost weight and who subsequently maintained or regained weight. The evidence was systematically synthesized, which enabled the formulation of clear themes and recommendations. : The 15 chosen studies included the accounts of 294 individuals. We found that continuous monitoring and goal setting, driven by sustained motivation and encouraging experiences, while resisting ever present challenges and enduring discouraging experience encapsulates the experience of sustained, substantial weight loss. : This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the experiences, strategies and challenges encountered when trying to achieve substantial, sustained weight loss. Additional research taking into account findings from this review and others of its kind will enhance the formulation of treatment protocols.
Topics: Goals; Humans; Motivation; Obesity; Overweight; Qualitative Research; Weight Loss; Weight Reduction Programs
PubMed: 33455563
DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2020.1862481 -
BMJ Open Oct 2021To synthesise the available scientific evidence on the effects of combined exercise on glycaemic control, weight loss, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure and serum... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To synthesise the available scientific evidence on the effects of combined exercise on glycaemic control, weight loss, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure and serum lipids among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and concurrent overweight/obesity.
DESIGN AND SAMPLE
PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane library, WANFANG, CNKI, SinoMed, OpenGrey and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception through April 2020 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that reported the effects of combined exercise in individuals with T2D and concurrent overweight/obesity.
METHODS
Quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. The mean difference (MD) with its corresponding 95% CI was used to estimate the effect size. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager V.5.3.
RESULTS
A total of 10 RCTs with 978 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled results demonstrated that combined exercise significantly reduced haemoglobin A1c (MD=-0.16%, 95% CI: -0.28 to -0.05, p=0.006); body mass index (MD=-0.98 kg/m, 95% CI: -1.41 to -0.56, p<0.001); homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (MD=-1.19, 95% CI: -1.93 to -0.46, p=0.001); serum insulin (MD=-2.18 μIU/mL, 95% CI: -2.99 to -1.37, p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (MD=-3.24 mm Hg, 95% CI: -5.32 to -1.16, p=0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
Combined exercise exerted significant effects in improving glycaemic control, influencing weight loss and enhancing insulin sensitivity among patients with T2D and concurrent overweight/obesity.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Quality of Life
PubMed: 34615674
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046252 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023Emotional eating (EE) may be defined as a tendency to eat in response to negative emotions and energy-dense and palatable foods, and is common amongst adults with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Emotional eating (EE) may be defined as a tendency to eat in response to negative emotions and energy-dense and palatable foods, and is common amongst adults with overweight or obesity. There is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions that address EE.
OBJECTIVES
To synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of EE interventions for weight loss and EE in adults living with overweight or obesity.
METHODS
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adhering to the PRISMA guidance, a comprehensive electronic search was completed up to February 2022. Random effects meta-analysis was carried out to determine the percentage change in weight and EE scores.
RESULTS
Thirty-four studies were included. The combined effect size for percentage weight change was -1.08% (95% CI: -1.66 to -0.49, I = 64.65%, = 37), once adjusted for publication bias. Similarly, the combined effect size for percentage change in EE was -2.37%, (95% CI: -3.76 to -0.99, I = 87.77%, = 46). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy showed the most promise for reducing weight and improving EE.
CONCLUSIONS
Interventions to address EE showed promise in reducing EE and promoted a small amount of weight loss in adults living with overweight or obesity.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Overweight; Obesity; Weight Loss; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Emotions
PubMed: 36768088
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032722 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Mar 2014The prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence is high. Excessive body fat at a young age is likely to persist into adulthood and is associated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence is high. Excessive body fat at a young age is likely to persist into adulthood and is associated with physical and psychosocial co-morbidities, as well as lower cognitive, school and later life achievement. Lifestyle changes, including reduced caloric intake, decreased sedentary behaviour and increased physical activity, are recommended for prevention and treatment of child and adolescent obesity. Evidence suggests that lifestyle interventions can benefit cognitive function and school achievement in children of normal weight. Similar beneficial effects may be seen in overweight or obese children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVES
To assess whether lifestyle interventions (in the areas of diet, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and behavioural therapy) improve school achievement, cognitive function and future success in overweight or obese children and adolescents compared with standard care, waiting list control, no treatment or attention control.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the following databases in May 2013: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, ERIC, IBSS, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, DARE, ISI Conference Proceedings Citation Index, SPORTDiscus, Database on Obesity and Sedentary Behaviour Studies, Database of Promoting Health Effectiveness Reviews (DoPHER) and Database of Health Promotion Research. In addition, we searched the Network Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD), three trials registries and reference lists. We also contacted researchers in the field.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included (cluster) randomised and controlled clinical trials of lifestyle interventions for weight management in overweight or obese children three to 18 years of age. Studies in children with medical conditions known to affect weight status, school achievement and cognitive function were excluded.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently selected studies, extracted data, assessed quality and risk of bias and cross-checked extracts to resolve discrepancies when required. Authors were contacted to obtain further study details and were asked to provide data on the overweight and obese study population when they were not reported separately.
MAIN RESULTS
Of 529 screened full-text articles, we included in the review six studies (14 articles) of 674 overweight and obese children and adolescents, comprising four studies with multicomponent lifestyle interventions and two studies with physical activity only interventions. We conducted a meta-analysis when possible and a sensitivity analysis to consider the impact of cluster-randomised controlled trials and/or studies at 'high risk' of attrition bias on the intervention effect. We prioritised reporting of the sensitivity analysis when risk of bias and differences in intervention type and duration were suspected to have influenced the findings substantially. Analysis of a single study indicated that school-based healthy lifestyle education combined with nutrition interventions can produce small improvements in overall school achievement (mean difference (MD) 1.78 points on a scale of zero to 100, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8 to 2.76; P < 0.001; N = 321; moderate-quality evidence). Single component physical activity interventions produced small improvements in mathematics achievement (MD 3.00 points on a scale of zero to 200, 95% CI 0.78 to 5.22; P value = 0.008; one RCT; N = 96; high-quality evidence), executive function (MD 3.00, scale mean 100, standard deviation (SD) 15, 95% CI 0.09 to 5.91; P value = 0.04; one RCT; N = 116) and working memory (MD 3.00, scale mean 100, SD 15, 95% CI 0.51 to 5.49; P value = 0.02; one RCT; N = 116). No evidence suggested an effect of any lifestyle intervention on reading, vocabulary and language achievements, attention, inhibitory control and simultaneous processing. Pooling of data in meta-analyses was restricted by variations in study design. Heterogeneity was present within some meta-analyses and may have been explained by differences in types of interventions. Risk of bias was low for most assessed items; however in half of the studies, risk of bias was detected for attrition, participant selection and blinding. No study provided evidence of the effect of lifestyle interventions on future success. Whether changes in academic and cognitive abilities were connected to changes in body weight status was unclear because of conflicting findings and variations in study design.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Despite the large number of childhood obesity treatment trials, evidence regarding their impact on school achievement and cognitive abilities is lacking. Existing studies have a range of methodological issues affecting the quality of evidence. Multicomponent interventions targeting physical activity and healthy diet could benefit general school achievement, whereas a physical activity intervention delivered for childhood weight management could benefit mathematics achievement, executive function and working memory. Although the effects are small, a very large number of children and adolescents could benefit from these interventions. Therefore health policy makers may wish to consider these potential additional benefits when promoting physical activity and healthy eating in schools. Future obesity treatment trials are needed to examine overweight or obese children and adolescents and to report academic and cognitive as well as physical outcomes.
Topics: Achievement; Adolescent; Child; Educational Status; Executive Function; Exercise; Humans; Life Style; Mathematics; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 24627300
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009728.pub2 -
BMC Public Health Apr 2014In the last decade, sedentary behavior has emerged as a new risk factor for health. The elderly spend most of their awake time in sedentary activities. Despite this high... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In the last decade, sedentary behavior has emerged as a new risk factor for health. The elderly spend most of their awake time in sedentary activities. Despite this high exposure, the impact of this sedentary behavior on the health of this population has not yet been reviewed. We systematically reviewed evidence for associations between sedentary behavior and multiple health outcomes in adults over 60 years of age.
METHODS
We searched the Medline, Embase, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILLACS, and Sedentary Research Database for observational studies published up to May 2013. Additionally, we contacted members of the Sedentary Behaviour Research Network to identify articles that were potentially eligible. After inclusion, the methodological quality of the evidence was assessed in each study.
RESULTS
We included 24 eligible articles in our systematic review, of which only 2 (8%) provided high-quality evidence. Greater sedentary time was related to an increased risk of all-cause mortality in the older adults. Some studies with a moderate quality of evidence indicated a relationship between sedentary behavior and metabolic syndrome, waist circumference, and overweightness/obesity. The findings for other outcomes such as mental health, renal cancer cells, and falls remain insufficient to draw conclusions.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review supports the relationship between sedentary behavior and mortality in older adults. Additional studies with high methodological quality are still needed to develop informed guidelines for addressing sedentary behavior in older adults.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Metabolic Syndrome; Mortality; Overweight; Risk Factors; Sedentary Behavior
PubMed: 24712381
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-333 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Oct 2022To assess whether maternal ultra-processed food intake during peripregnancy and during the child rearing period is associated with offspring risk of overweight or...
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether maternal ultra-processed food intake during peripregnancy and during the child rearing period is associated with offspring risk of overweight or obesity during childhood and adolescence.
DESIGN
Population based prospective cohort study.
SETTING
The Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) and the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS I and II) in the United States.
PARTICIPANTS
19 958 mother-child (45% boys, aged 7-17 years at study enrollment) pairs with a median follow-up of 4 years (interquartile range 2-5 years) until age 18 or the onset of overweight or obesity, including a subsample of 2925 mother-child pairs with information on peripregnancy diet.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Multivariable adjusted, log binomial models with generalized estimating equations and an exchangeable correlation structure were used to account for correlations between siblings and to estimate the relative risk of offspring overweight or obesity defined by the International Obesity Task Force.
RESULTS
2471 (12.4%) offspring developed overweight or obesity in the full analytic cohort. After adjusting for established maternal risk factors and offspring's ultra-processed food intake, physical activity, and sedentary time, maternal consumption of ultra-processed foods during the child rearing period was associated with overweight or obesity in offspring, with a 26% higher risk in the group with the highest maternal ultra-processed food consumption (group 5) versus the lowest consumption group (group 1; relative risk 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.47, P for trend<0.001). In the subsample with information on peripregnancy diet, while rates were higher, peripregnancy ultra-processed food intake was not significantly associated with an increased risk of offspring overweight or obesity (n=845 (28.9%); group 5 group 1: relative risk 1.17, 95% confidence interval 0.89 to 1.53, P fortrend=0.07). These associations were not modified by age, sex, birth weight, and gestational age of offspring or maternal body weight.
CONCLUSIONS
Maternal consumption of ultra-processed food during the child rearing period was associated with an increased risk of overweight or obesity in offspring, independent of maternal and offspring lifestyle risk factors. Further study is needed to confirm these findings and to understand the underlying biological mechanisms and environmental determinants. These data support the importance of refining dietary recommendations and the development of programs to improve nutrition for women of reproductive age to promote offspring health.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Diet; Fast Foods; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 36198411
DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071767 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Feb 2024This communication defines and describes the Barocene era, as that phase of human development which is characterized by a major impact of overweight and obesity. We use...
This communication defines and describes the Barocene era, as that phase of human development which is characterized by a major impact of overweight and obesity. We use this term to highlight the fact that overweight and obesity need to be prevented and managed on an urgent footing. If not checked, these endocrine diseases will retard our growth and reduce our well being.
Topics: Humans; Overweight; Obesity
PubMed: 38419248
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.24-10 -
Nutrients Jun 2019A growing body of evidence indicates that time restricted feeding (TRF), a popular form of intermittent fasting, can activate similar biological pathways as caloric... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
A growing body of evidence indicates that time restricted feeding (TRF), a popular form of intermittent fasting, can activate similar biological pathways as caloric restriction, the only intervention consistently found to extend healthy lifespan in a variety of species. Thus, TRF may have the potential to also improve function in older adults. Given the challenges many individuals have in following calorie restriction regimens over long-time periods, evaluation of alternative approaches that may produce weight loss and improve function in overweight, older adults is important. Ten overweight, sedentary older adults (≥65 years) at risk for, or with mobility impairments, defined by slow gait speed (<1.0 m/s) participated in this trial. All participants received the intervention and were instructed to fast for approximately 16 h per day over the entire four-week intervention. Outcomes included changes in body weight, waist circumference, cognitive and physical function, health-related quality of life, and adverse events. Adherence levels were high (mean = 84%) based on days goal was met, and mean weight loss was 2.6 kg ( < 0.01). Since body composition was not measured in this study, it is unclear if the observed weight loss was due to loss of fat mass, muscle mass, or the combination of fat and muscle mass. There were no significant changes in other outcomes; however, there were clinically meaningful changes in walking speed and improvements in quality of life, with few reported adverse events. The findings of this pilot study suggest that time restricted feeding is an acceptable and feasible eating pattern for overweight, sedentary older adults to follow.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Energy Intake; Fasting; Feasibility Studies; Feeding Behavior; Female; Gait; Health Status; Humans; Male; Mobility Limitation; Overweight; Pilot Projects; Quality of Life; Recovery of Function; Sedentary Behavior; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Weight Loss
PubMed: 31262054
DOI: 10.3390/nu11071500 -
Jornal de Pediatria 2015
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Exercise; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Infant; Latin America; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 25458878
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2014.10.002 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Semaglutide shows significant performance on weight reduction in several clinical trials. However, it is not clear what kind of administration frequency or dosage will... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Semaglutide shows significant performance on weight reduction in several clinical trials. However, it is not clear what kind of administration frequency or dosage will achieve better effects. This study aims to explore the different therapeutic effect of semaglutide on weight control under the diverse administration circumstances.
METHODS
The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and the Clinical Trials.gov were searched from inception until 6 June, 2022 to include randomized controlled trials evaluating the Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous semaglutide in overweight or obese adults. Random effects or fixed effects model was conducted based on the heterogeneity among trials. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the detailed effects under different intervention situations.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Our study included 13 RCTs involving 5,838 participants with 3,794 ones in semaglutide group and 2,044 in placebo group. Semaglutide was associated with a significant reduction on weight loss related outcomes, including the absolute value of weight loss (WMD -8·97, 95% CI -10·73 to -7·21), percentage of weight loss (WMD -10·00, 95% CI -11·99 to -8·00), body mass index (WMD-3·19, 95% CI -4·02 to -2·37) and waist circumference (WMD -7·21,95% CI -8·87 to -5·56). Subgroup analyses illustrated participants with high weekly dosage, long-term treatment duration and severe baseline BMI (Class II obesity) had a more remarkably decreasing on the main outcomes of weight loss (P for interaction<0·05). Total adverse reactions occurred more frequently in the daily administration group than that in the weekly group (P for interaction =0·01). During the treatment, the incidence rate of hypoglycemia was higher in the group without lifestyle intervention compared with that with lifestyle intervention (P for interaction =0·04). Interpretation Subcutaneous semaglutide had significant benefits on weight loss with reasonable safety in overweight or obese adults. Moreover, additional benefits on cardiometabolic profiles were also seen. We recommended semaglutide treatment to be coupled with lifestyle interventions, and target dose of 2·0 mg or more subcutaneously once weekly. Clinicians can choose suitable treatment schemes based on diverse individual situations.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=337099, identifier PROSPERO (CRD42022337099).
Topics: Adult; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Weight Loss
PubMed: 37455913
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1132004