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Journal of Obesity 2017
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Overweight; Parents; Pediatric Obesity; Periodicals as Topic; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28261496
DOI: 10.1155/2017/3642818 -
BMC Pediatrics Apr 2023This study examined the associations of diet quality assessed by Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), Mediterranean...
BACKGROUND
This study examined the associations of diet quality assessed by Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study used data of participants aged 2-19 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018. The weighted logistic regression model was adopted to explore the association between diet quality scores and overweight, obesity in children and adolescents. Subgroup analysis was also performed based on sex.
RESULTS
A total of 9,724 participants were included in children group (2-11 years old), and 5,934 were adolescent group (12-19 years old). All participants were divided into based on the BMI-for-age: underweight and normal, overweight and obesity groups. After adjusting for age, race, poverty-income ratio, maternal smoking during pregnancy and total energy, HEI-2015 and MedDiet scores were related to the risk of overweight in children, and only MedDiet scores remained associated with a decreased risk of obesity in children. MedDiet scores were associated with a decreased risk of overweight, obesity in adolescents, respectively, after adjusting age, sex, race, poverty-income ratio, cotinine, total energy and physical activity. The similar results in male participants were also found.
CONCLUSION
Higher MedDiet scores were associated with lower the risk of overweight and obesity, respectively, particularly for male children and adolescents. The higher HEI-2015 scores were also related to the risk of overweight in children.
Topics: Child; Female; Pregnancy; Adolescent; Male; Humans; Child, Preschool; Young Adult; Adult; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Nutrition Surveys; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet
PubMed: 37046233
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-03966-7 -
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Nov 2013This review discusses the current knowledge and future directions regarding obesity within the US military family (i.e., active-duty servicemembers, as well as military... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This review discusses the current knowledge and future directions regarding obesity within the US military family (i.e., active-duty servicemembers, as well as military spouses, children, retirees, and veterans). The increasing rates of overweight and obesity within the US military adversely impact military readiness, limit recruitment, and place a significant financial burden on the Department of Defense.
DESIGN AND METHODS
The following topics are reviewed: 1) The prevalence of and the financial, physical, and psychological costs associated with overweight in military communities; 2) military weight regulations, and challenges faced by the military family related to overweight and disordered eating; 3) the continued need for rigorous program evaluations and new intervention development.
RESULTS
Overweight and its associated sequelae impact the entire military family. Military families share many similarities with their civilian counterparts, but they face unique challenges (e.g., stress related to deployments and relocations). Although the military has weight management resources, there is an urgent need for rigorous program evaluation and the development of enhanced obesity prevention programs across the lifespan of the military family-several of which are proposed herein.
CONCLUSIONS
Interdisciplinary and collaborative research efforts and team-based interventions will continue to inform understanding of obesity treatment and prevention within military and civilian populations.
Topics: Cost of Illness; Family; Health Care Costs; Humans; Military Personnel; Obesity; Overweight; Prevalence; United States
PubMed: 23836452
DOI: 10.1002/oby.20566 -
Revista de Neurologia Aug 2022Recent findings suggest that overweight and obesity in children and adolescents affect cognitive processes and can alter school learning. The so-called executive... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Recent findings suggest that overweight and obesity in children and adolescents affect cognitive processes and can alter school learning. The so-called executive functions, such as response inhibition capacity, impulsivity control, cognitive flexibility, planning, and decision making, have been inversely related to body mass index.
AIM
This work aims to examine the neurobiological and psychological hypothesis that explain why overweight, and obesity alter the cognitive functions of children and adolescents.
DEVELOPMENT
Diets rich in fats and sugars can cause hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, augmented abdominal adipose tissue and resistance to insulin and leptin. These metabolic alterations induce a peripheral systemic inflammatory process that can affect the blood-brain barrier and the brain functioning of regions linked to attention and learning and memory processes. Some metabolic disorders of the pregnant mother, obesity during pregnancy and pre- and postnatal traumatic experiences can trigger changes in the control of food intake in children and adolescents and induce overweight in critical stages of their development. Obesity affects the functioning of the hippocampus and produces a decrease in the prefrontal cortex gray matter, thereby modifying cognitive abilities, especially executive functions.
CONCLUSIONS
Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence are a risk factor not only for general health but also for proper brain development and cognitive functions and can therefore lead to school failure.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Child; Cognition; Executive Function; Humans; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 35879881
DOI: 10.33588/rn.7503.2022173 -
Nutrients Dec 2019The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, leading to a severe impairment of overall health. Actually, obesity has been associated with several pathological... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, leading to a severe impairment of overall health. Actually, obesity has been associated with several pathological conditions, causing an excess overall mortality. In particular, overweight and obesity are well known risk factors for a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders i.e., functional GI disorders as well as, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), pancreatitis, and GI cancer. The aim of the present review is to summarize the potential role of overweight and obesity in GI disease with particular focus on plausible biological mechanisms that could explain the association between obesity and GI disease based on the most recent evidence in the literature.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31906216
DOI: 10.3390/nu12010111 -
Nutrients Feb 2023A healthy diet is essential to prevent childhood obesity, however, adherence to a healthy diet is challenging. The aim of this study was to give a comprehensive overview... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
A healthy diet is essential to prevent childhood obesity, however, adherence to a healthy diet is challenging. The aim of this study was to give a comprehensive overview of the literature investigaating associations between food and beverages and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents in order to identify dietary risk factors. A systematic search was performed in four databases and observational studies were included. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effect model. Sixty records met inclusion criteria and 14 different food or beverage categories were identified. A higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages increased the odds of overweight/obesity by 1.20 ( < 0.05) ( = 26) and higher intake of fast food increased the odds of overweight/obesity by 1.17 ( < 0.05) ( = 24). Furthermore, higher intake of meat (OR 1.02, < 0.05 (:7)) and refined grains (OR 1.28, < 0.05 (:3)) was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity. In contrast, higher intake of whole grain (OR 0.86, = 0.04 (:5)) and more surprisingly sweet bakery (OR 0.59, < 0.05 (:3)) was associated with a decreased risk of overweight/obesity. In conclusion, a higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and a higher intake of fast food was identified as the primary dietary risk factors for overweight/obesity. Future research is needed to strengthen the generalizability of these results.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Beverages; Diet; Fast Foods
PubMed: 36771470
DOI: 10.3390/nu15030764 -
European Eating Disorders Review : the... Mar 2023The primary aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of a 'mindful eating' programme for reducing emotional eating in patients with overweight or obesity. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of a 'mindful eating' programme for reducing emotional eating in patients with overweight or obesity.
METHOD
A cluster randomized controlled trial (reg. NCT03927534) was conducted with 76 participants with overweight/obesity who were assigned to 'mindful eating' (7 weeks) + treatment as usual (TAU), or to TAU alone. They were assessed at baseline, posttreatment and 12-month follow-up. The main outcome was 'emotional eating' (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, DEBQ); other eating behaviours were also assessed along with psychological and physiological variables.
RESULTS
'Mindful eating' + TAU reduced emotional eating both at posttreatment (B = -0.27; p = 0.006; d = 0.35) and follow-up (B = -0.53; p < 0.001; d = 0.69) compared to the control group (TAU alone). 'External eating' (DEBQ) was also significantly improved by the intervention at both timepoints. Significant effects at follow-up were observed for some secondary outcomes related to bulimic behaviours, mindful eating, mindfulness, and self-compassion. Weight and other physiological parameters were not significantly affected by 'mindful eating' + TAU.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings support the efficacy of the 'mindful eating' + TAU programme for reducing emotional and external eating, along with some other secondary measures, but no significant changes in weight reduction were observed.
Topics: Humans; Overweight; Mindfulness; Obesity; Feeding Behavior; Primary Health Care
PubMed: 36397211
DOI: 10.1002/erv.2958 -
Revista Do Colegio Brasileiro de... 2013This review aims to describe the incidence and prevalence of overweight and obesity after liver transplantation and the consequences associated with it. Literature... (Review)
Review
This review aims to describe the incidence and prevalence of overweight and obesity after liver transplantation and the consequences associated with it. Literature review consultation was conducted in Medline / PubMed, SciELO, EMBASE and LILACS, with the combination of the following keywords: liver transplantation, overweight, obesity, weight gain. Overweight is incident on more than 60% of patients undergoing liver transplantation and obesity rates exceed 20% in the first year after surgery, during which occurs the largest relative weight gain. Studies have shown that between 60% and 70% of patients undergoing liver transplantation are overweight after the third year, 90% with abdominal obesity. Associated factors are, among others, advanced age, family history of overweight and excess weight prior to liver disease. The contribution of immunosuppressive medication remains controversial. Some of the consequences of overweight are liver steatosis, steatohepatitis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease and death.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Liver Transplantation; Obesity; Overweight; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 24573630
DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912013000600014 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Oct 2017Although overweight and obesity are widespread across most of the developed world, a considerable body of research has now accumulated, which suggests that adiposity... (Review)
Review
Although overweight and obesity are widespread across most of the developed world, a considerable body of research has now accumulated, which suggests that adiposity often goes undetected. A substantial proportion of individuals with overweight or obesity do not identify they are overweight, and large numbers of parents of children with overweight or obesity fail to identify their child as being overweight. Lay people and medical practitioners are also now poor at identifying overweight and obesity in others. A visual normalization theory of the under-detection of overweight and obesity is proposed. This theory is based on the notion that weight status is judged relative to visual body size norms. Because larger body sizes are now common, this has caused a recalibration to the range of body sizes that are perceived as being 'normal' and increased the visual threshold for what constitutes 'overweight'. Evidence is reviewed that indicates this process has played a significant role in the under-detection of overweight and obesity. The public health relevance of the under-detection of overweight and obesity is also discussed.
Topics: Body Image; Humans; Overweight; Parents; Pediatric Obesity; Social Norms; Social Perception
PubMed: 28730613
DOI: 10.1111/obr.12570 -
Journal of Perinatal Medicine Jan 2023Overweight and obesity in pregnancy and prepregnancy are perinatal risks. Studies showed prevention of these risks with counseling about the risks and treatment... (Review)
Review
Overweight and obesity in pregnancy and prepregnancy are perinatal risks. Studies showed prevention of these risks with counseling about the risks and treatment strategies like lifestyle interventions as exercise on a daily basis, nutritional health and diet.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Overweight; Pregnant Women; Pregnancy Complications; Obesity; Diet; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 36018720
DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0313