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Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021The genus is known for its potential application in the control of pests and diseases; however, its use in agriculture is limited to few species. Research interest in...
The genus is known for its potential application in the control of pests and diseases; however, its use in agriculture is limited to few species. Research interest in new formulations based on microorganisms for the control of pathogens is growing exponentially; therefore, it is necessary to study new isolates, which may help control diseases effectively, and to examine their compatibility with established agricultural control methods. We analysed in vitro and in vivo the antagonistic capacity of against seven phytopathogens with a high incidence in different crops, and we examined its compatibility with 24 commercial fungicides. was applied in the following pathosystems: melon, pepper, -tomato, zucchini, melon, -melon, and zucchini. The results showed strong control effects on and , reducing the disease severity index by 78% and 76%, respectively. The reduction in disease severity in the other pathosystems ranged from 29% to 44%. However, application of metabolites alone did not cause any significant effect on mycelial growth of phytopathogens, apart from , in which up to 12% inhibition was observed in vitro when the extract was applied at a concentration of 15% in the medium. was compatible with most of the tested fungicides, and of the 24 fungicides tested at the maximum authorised dose, 6 acted as fungicides, 4 as fungistatics, and the remaining showed inhibition rates ranging from 18.2% to 95.8%. These results indicate that is a potential biological control agent to be used against several aerial and soil diseases, thus it should be integrated into modern pest management strategies.
PubMed: 34073454
DOI: 10.3390/jof7060415 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2019Astragli Radix (AR) is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines with chemical constituents including flavonoids and saponins. As recently evidenced, some...
Astragli Radix (AR) is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines with chemical constituents including flavonoids and saponins. As recently evidenced, some fungi or their fermentation liquid may have the potential to affect the bioactive constituents and different pharmacological effects of AR. Thus, the composition of fermented AR (FAR) produced by (Miquel) Samson in liquid-state fermentation was investigated using a UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer in both positive and negative ion modes. Firstly, the MS data sets were obtained based on a data-dependent acquisition method and a full scan-parent ions list-dynamic exclusion (FS-PIL-DE) strategy. Then, diagnostic product ions (DPIs) and neutral loss fragments (NLFs) were proposed for better constituent detection and structural characterization. Consequently, 107 constituents in total, particularly microconstituents in FAR and AR, were characterized and compared in parallel on the same LTQ-Orbitrap instrument. Our results indicated that AR fermentation with Paecilomyces significantly influenced the production of saponins and flavonoids, especially increasing the content of astragaloside IV. In conclusion, this research was not only the first to show changes in the chemical components of unfermented AR and FAR, but it also provides a foundation for further studies on the chemical interaction between microbiota and AR.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Data Analysis; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fermentation; Flavonoids; Gastropoda; Paecilomyces; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 31416254
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162948 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Oct 2022There is no standardized process for utilization of periodic acid-Schiff during intraoperative frozen sections to identify fungal organisms.
CONTEXT.—
There is no standardized process for utilization of periodic acid-Schiff during intraoperative frozen sections to identify fungal organisms.
OBJECTIVE.—
To develop a rapid staining process for fresh tissue with periodic acid-Schiff during intraoperative consultation and develop an appropriate control block.
DESIGN.—
Muscle tissue was inoculated with 2 species of fungus (Aspergillus fumigatus and Paecilomyces spp) and grown at 3 different temperatures for 72 hours. Inoculated tissue was embedded in optimal cutting temperature compound, cut, and stained using a modified periodic acid-Schiff stain. The optimal control was determined for future use as the standard control. Multiple control slides were cut and stained, using successively shorter time intervals for each step. The staining process that provided accurate results in the shortest amount of time was deemed ultra-rapid periodic acid-Schiff. This method was validated by carryover studies and clinical specimens.
RESULTS.—
Paecilomyces spp incubated at 30°C for 72 hours was the most optimal positive control, with numerous yeast and hyphal forms. The fastest staining process involved 2 minutes of periodic acid and Schiff reagent and 10 dips of light green solution. Tap water was as effective as distilled water. Validation was successfully achieved. Clinical cases all stained identical to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained with hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff.
CONCLUSIONS.—
Ultra-rapid periodic acid-Schiff provides fast and reliable identification of fungal organisms on fresh tissue. Development of a concurrent positive control allows for quality control and validation.
Topics: Coloring Agents; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Formaldehyde; Frozen Sections; Fungi; Hematoxylin; Humans; Methyl Green; Periodic Acid; Staining and Labeling; Water
PubMed: 35104313
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0273-OA -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022High temperature negatively affects reproductive process significantly, leading to tremendous losses in crop quality and yield. Zhinengcong (ZNC), a crude extract from...
High temperature negatively affects reproductive process significantly, leading to tremendous losses in crop quality and yield. Zhinengcong (ZNC), a crude extract from the endophytic fungus , has been shown to improve plant growth and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. We show here that ZNC can also alleviate heat stress-induced reproductive defects in , such as short-term heat-induced inhibition on pollen viability, germination and tube growth, and long-term heat stress-induced pollen developmental defects. We further demonstrated that ZNC alleviates heat stress by downregulating the expressions of ROS production-related genes, RBOHs, and upregulating antioxidant related genes and the activities of the corresponding enzymes, thus preventing the over accumulation of heat-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in anther, pollen grain and pollen tube. Furthermore, spraying application of ZNC onto tomato plants under long-term heat stress promotes fruit and seed bearing in the field. In summary, plant endophytic fungus extract ZNC promotes the reproductive process and yield of tomato plants under heat stress and presents excellent potential in agricultural applications.
PubMed: 36092397
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.977881 -
Communicative & Integrative Biology 2022Root-knot nematodes possess a major threat to agricultural production of various crops worldwide. The intensive use of chemical nematicides to control plant parasitic...
Root-knot nematodes possess a major threat to agricultural production of various crops worldwide. The intensive use of chemical nematicides to control plant parasitic nematodes has adverse effects on our environment and human health. Owing to the importance of developing new strategies, an experiment was conducted to reveal the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, and nematophagous fungus, alone or in combination with various organic amendments such as superphosphate, green and organic manure to control the infection of root-knot, nematode in a vegetable crop . These two fungi along with soil amendments significantly improved plant growth and fruit yield and effectively controlled infection of . The dual inoculation of and reduced the number of galls and egg masses, thereby revealing the controlled proliferation of infection in roots. The beneficial effect of these fungi further increased on supplementation of soil with organic or green manures. Inoculation of with these two fungi showed a significant increase in egg parasitization; however, maximum effect was detected on dual inoculation. Amongst the soil amendments, the best response was obtained in case of green manure along with mycorrhizal fungus and . Present study revealed that nematophagous and AM fungi, in combination with green manure were effective in controlling , thus suggesting the use of such agents for biocontrol of plant parasitic nematodes in agriculture.
PubMed: 35273677
DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2021.2025195 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2018The compatible microbial consortia containing fungal and bacterial symbionts acting synergistically are applied to improve plant growth and eco-physiological responses...
Endophytic Microbial Consortia of Phytohormones-Producing Fungus LHL10 and Bacteria sp. LK11 to L. Regulates Physio-hormonal Changes to Attenuate Aluminum and Zinc Stresses.
The compatible microbial consortia containing fungal and bacterial symbionts acting synergistically are applied to improve plant growth and eco-physiological responses in extreme crop growth conditions. However, the interactive effects of phytohormones-producing endophytic fungal and bacterial symbionts plant growth and stress tolerance under heavy metal stress have been least known. In the current study, the phytohormones-producing endophytic LHL10 and sp. LK11 revealed potent growth and tolerance during their initial screening against combined Al and Zn (2.5 mM each) stress. This was followed with their co-inoculation in the Al- and Zn-stressed L. plants, showing significantly higher plant growth attributes (shoot/root length, fresh/dry weight, and chlorophyll content) than the plants solely inoculated with LHL10 or LK11 and the non-inoculated (control) plants under metal stresses. Interestingly, under metal stress, the consortia exhibited lower metal uptake and inhibited metal transport in roots. Metal-induced oxidative stresses were modulated in co-inoculated plants through reduced hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) in comparison to the non-inoculated plants. In addition, endophytic co-inoculation enhanced plant macronutrient uptake (P, K, S, and N) and modulated soil enzymatic activities under stress conditions. It significantly downregulated the expression of heavy metal ATPase genes , and and upregulated the expression of an ariadne-like ubiquitin ligase gene under heavy metals stress. Furthermore, the endogenous phytohormonal contents of co-inoculated plants revealed significantly enhanced gibberellins and reduced abscisic acid and jasmonic acid contents, suggesting that this endophytic interaction mitigated the adverse effect of metal stresses in host plants. In conclusion, the co-inoculation of the endophytic fungus LHL10 and bacteria LK11 actively contributed to the tripartite mutualistic symbiosis in under heavy metal stresses; this could be used an excellent strategy for sustainable agriculture in the heavy metal-contaminated fields.
PubMed: 30233618
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01273 -
IDCases 2020species was first recognized to cause human disease in 1963. It is a rare cause of invasive fungal infection, with cases sporadically reported in immunocompromised...
species was first recognized to cause human disease in 1963. It is a rare cause of invasive fungal infection, with cases sporadically reported in immunocompromised patients. Here we report the first case of pulmonary in an immunocompetent patient that was successfully treated with amphotericin B and posaconazole.
PubMed: 32670792
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00885 -
MBio Feb 2021Invasive mold infections caused by molds other than spp. or Mucorales are emerging. The reported prevalences of infection due to these rare fungal pathogens vary among...
Invasive mold infections caused by molds other than spp. or Mucorales are emerging. The reported prevalences of infection due to these rare fungal pathogens vary among geographic regions, driven by differences in climatic conditions, susceptible hosts, and diagnostic capabilities. These rare molds-, , and species and others-are difficult to detect and often show intrinsic antifungal resistance. Now, international societies of medical mycology and microbiology have joined forces and created the "Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of rare mould infections: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology and the American Society for Microbiology" (published in Lancet Infect Dis, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30784-2), with the goal of improving the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and survival of persons with rare mold infections. The guideline provides cutting-edge guidance for the correct utilization and application of established and new diagnostic and therapeutic options.
Topics: Animals; Ascomycota; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Fusarium; Humans; Mycology; Scedosporium; United States
PubMed: 33622731
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02920-20 -
Allergy Mar 2022
Topics: Allergens; Byssochlamys; Humans; Paecilomyces
PubMed: 34773271
DOI: 10.1111/all.15176 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Morels ( spp.) are economically important mushrooms cultivated in many countries. However, their production and quality are hindered by white mold disease because of...
Morels ( spp.) are economically important mushrooms cultivated in many countries. However, their production and quality are hindered by white mold disease because of infection. In this study, we aimed to understand the genetic mechanisms of interactions between and . , the most prevalent species of in China, was inoculated with ; then, the expression profiles of both fungi were determined simultaneously at 3 and 6 days post-inoculation (dpi) using a dual RNA-Seq approach. A total of 460 and 313 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in and , respectively. The CAZymes of β-glucanases and mannanases, as well as subtilase family, were upregulated in , which might be involved in the degradation of cell walls. Chitin recognition protein, caffeine-induced death protein, and putative apoptosis-inducing protein were upregulated, while cyclin was downregulated in infected . This indicates that could trigger programmed cell death in after infection. Laccase-2, tyrosinases, and cytochrome P450s were also upregulated in . The increased expression levels of these genes suggest that could detoxify the toxins and also form a melanin barrier against invasion. The potential pathogenic mechanisms of on and the defense mechanisms of against were well described.
PubMed: 34925269
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.760444