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Journal of Clinical Pathology Mar 2003This review updates the evidence that the human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in the development of benign and malignant sinonasal lesions. Since the early 1980s,... (Review)
Review
This review updates the evidence that the human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in the development of benign and malignant sinonasal lesions. Since the early 1980s, when evidence was provided on the possible involvement of HPV in the aetiology of both benign respiratory papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas, a substantial number of studies have explored this issue. To date, 33.3% of sinonasal papillomas and 21.7% of sinonasal carcinomas analysed have been shown to be positive for HPV. Many elements of the data parallel the observations made in HPV lesions at other mucosal sites, such as malignant transformation and frequent recurrence after radical treatment; the fact that low risk HPV types 6 and 11 are usually confined to benign lesions, whereas the reverse is true for the oncogenic HPV types 16 and 18; and the presence of squamo-columnar junctions and squamous cell metaplasia in the sinonasal system. The discrepancies reported by several studies might result in part from technical reasons, but it is also possible that sinonasal lesions have a heterogeneous aetiology (HPV related and non-related) and/or that some novel (yet unidentified) HPV types exist in these lesions, which are detected by some studies but not by others.
Topics: DNA, Viral; Humans; Papilloma; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Tumor Virus Infections
PubMed: 12610092
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.56.3.174 -
Head and Neck Pathology Jun 2022There is limited literature detailing the histology of pharyngeal papillomas. Herein, we report our experience with papillomas occurring in the oro-and nasopharynx that...
There is limited literature detailing the histology of pharyngeal papillomas. Herein, we report our experience with papillomas occurring in the oro-and nasopharynx that have both squamous and respiratory features akin to the sinonasal Schneiderian papilloma. We retrospectively reviewed pharyngeal papillomas that were composed of both squamous and respiratory epithelium received at our institution between 2010 and 2020. Cases of sinonasal papillomas directly extending into the pharynx were excluded. Immunohistochemistry for p16 as well as RNA in situ hybridization to evaluate for 6 low-risk and 18 high-risk HPV genotypes were performed on all cases. Thirteen cases were included. Mean age was 61 with 12 males and 1 female. While often incidentally found, presenting symptoms included globus sensation, hemoptysis, and hoarseness of voice. Histologically, all tumors consisted of squamous and respiratory epithelium with neutrophilic infiltrates arranged in an exophytic/papillary architecture that was reminiscent of the exophytic type of Schneiderian papilloma. Immunohistochemistry for p16 was negative in all papillomas. 85% were positive for low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes and all were negative for high-risk HPV subtypes. A well-differentiated, invasive squamous cell carcinoma was associated with two of the cases. Papillomas with squamous and respiratory features similar to the sinonasal exophytic Schneiderian papilloma can arise in the oro- and nasopharynx and like their sinonasal counterparts show an association with HPV. While many in this series were benign, they can be harbingers for invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Papilloma; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Pharynx; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34694538
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01389-3 -
Cancer Letters Jan 2014A tissue field of somatic genetic alterations precedes the histopathological phenotypic changes of carcinoma. Genomic changes could be of potential use in the diagnosis... (Review)
Review
A tissue field of somatic genetic alterations precedes the histopathological phenotypic changes of carcinoma. Genomic changes could be of potential use in the diagnosis and prognosis of pre-invasive squamous head and neck carcinoma (HNSCC) lesions and as markers for cancer risk assessment. Studies of sequential molecular alterations and genetic progression of pre-invasive HNSCC have not been clearly defined. Studies have shown recurring alterations at chromosome 9p21 (location of the CDKN2A) and TP53 mutations in the early stages of HNSCC. However, gene silencing via hypermethylation is still a relatively new idea in the development of HNSCC and little is known about the contribution of epigenetics to the development of neoplasia, its transformation, progression, and recurrence in HNSCC. This review examines the role of promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in the progression continuum from benign papillomas to malignancy in HNSCC.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; DNA Methylation; Disease Progression; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Testing; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Papilloma; Phenotype; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis
PubMed: 22388100
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.018 -
European Journal of Immunology Oct 2021Laryngeal papilloma (LP) is a rare benign disease, caused by recurrent multisite papillomas that are referred to as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). RRP is...
Laryngeal papilloma (LP) is a rare benign disease, caused by recurrent multisite papillomas that are referred to as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). RRP is caused primarily by two types of human papillomavirus (HPV): HPV6 and HPV11. The immune dysregulation within the microenvironment of the lesions has been shown to likely play a role in the development of RRP. The present study aimed at analyzing the transcriptional profile of immune response genes and cancer-related genes in the LP microenvironment. We used the NanoString nCounter analysis system to study expression of 730 genes among seven paired samples of LP and healthy laryngeal (HL) tissue. qRT-PCR and flow cytometric analysis was performed to confirm identified transcripts and follow-up scores of infiltrating immune cells, respectively. In total, 113 differentially expressed transcripts were detected of which 37 showed increased expression levels and 76 decreased expression levels in the LP samples compared to the HL samples (fold change ≥ 2). Transcripts with increased expression levels included S100As (A7, A8, and A12), CEACAM1, neutrophil activation associated cytokines (IL8), chemokines (CXCL6), and IL receptors, e.g., IL4R. Transcripts with decreased expression in LP were associated with innate and adaptive immunity. Overall, HPV6 and 11 were present in 67% and 33% of the patients, respectively. There was a significant increase in neutrophils and a significant decrease in CD8 T cells in LP. LP samples display an immune profile characterized by enhanced expression of neutrophilic markers and significantly reduced T cell-associated markers.
Topics: Disease Susceptibility; Flow Cytometry; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Papilloma; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Transcriptome
PubMed: 34337750
DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149202 -
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical... 2008The course of human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis (RLP) is variable and unpredictable. Some patients experience spontaneous remission,... (Review)
Review
The course of human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis (RLP) is variable and unpredictable. Some patients experience spontaneous remission, while others suffer from aggressive growth with dire consequences. Unfortunately, HPV DNA can persist in mucosa after treatment and can be reactivated under immunosuppressive conditions. For this reason, these benign tumors are notoriously recurrent. Better understanding of lipid-driven signaling pathways during tumorigenesis and immune responses in RLP patients can contribute to improve therapeutic approaches in an attempt to obviate this disease. Based on a mountain of evidence in the literature that concerns the immunomodulatory potential of certain FAs, it is clear that there is a rationale for adjuvant FA therapy (concurrent application) in the management of RLP. Of particular importance for immune surveillance is that the Th1 pathway in RLP is down-regulated and it is advocated that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have the ability to restore the Th1/Th2 balance. Therefore, it is proposed that adjuvant FA therapy with CLA and EPA must be included in the therapeutical regime of RLP, since they are considered excellent anti-viral and anti-tumor agents to improve immune conditions and disease outcome. Immunocompetence plays a pivotal role in the clinical course of RLP and, hence, a new direction with adjuvant FA therapy may be the key to prevent recurrence of this disease.
Topics: Antibody Formation; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Fatty Acids; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Papilloma; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 18586635
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Pathology Aug 2016Oncocytic sinonasal papillomas (OSPs) are benign tumours of the sinonasal tract, a subset of which are associated with synchronous or metachronous sinonasal squamous...
Oncocytic sinonasal papillomas (OSPs) are benign tumours of the sinonasal tract, a subset of which are associated with synchronous or metachronous sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC). Activating EGFR mutations were recently identified in nearly 90% of inverted sinonasal papillomas (ISPs) - a related tumour with distinct morphology. EGFR mutations were, however, not found in OSP, suggesting that different molecular alterations drive the oncogenesis of these tumours. In this study, tissue from 51 cases of OSP and five cases of OSP-associated SNSCC was obtained retrospectively from six institutions. Tissue was also obtained from 50 cases of ISP, 22 cases of ISP-associated SNSCC, ten cases of exophytic sinonasal papilloma (ESP), and 19 cases of SNSCC with no known papilloma association. Using targeted next-generation and conventional Sanger sequencing, we identified KRAS mutations in 51/51 (100%) OSPs and 5/5 (100%) OSP-associated SNSCCs. The somatic nature of KRAS mutations was confirmed in a subset of cases with matched germline DNA, and four matched pairs of OSP and concurrent associated SNSCC had concordant KRAS genotypes. In contrast, KRAS mutations were present in only one (5%) SNSCC with no known papilloma association and none of the ISPs, ISP-associated SNSCCs, or ESPs. This is the first report of somatic KRAS mutations in OSP and OSP-associated SNSCC. The presence of identical mutations in OSP and concurrent associated SNSCC supports the putative role of OSP as a precursor to SNSCC, and the high frequency and specificity of KRAS mutations suggest that OSP and OSP-associated SNSCC are biologically distinct from other similar sinonasal tumours. The identification of KRAS mutations in all studied OSP cases represents an important development in our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease and may have implications for diagnosis and therapy. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Mutation; Papilloma; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 27234382
DOI: 10.1002/path.4750 -
Pulmonology 2024
Topics: Humans; Papilloma; Epithelial Cells; Bronchi
PubMed: 37541933
DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.07.005 -
PloS One 2012Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) induce apoptotic pathways in human cancer cells. The potential therapeutic effective of nsPEF has been reported in cell lines...
Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) induce apoptotic pathways in human cancer cells. The potential therapeutic effective of nsPEF has been reported in cell lines and in xenograft animal tumor model. The present study investigated the ability of nsPEF to cause cancer cell death in vivo using carcinogen-induced animal tumor model, and the pulse duration of nsPEF was only 7 and 14 nano second (ns). An nsPEF generator as a prototype medical device was used in our studies, which is capable of delivering 7-30 nanosecond pulses at various programmable amplitudes and frequencies. Seven cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and five other types of cancer cell lines were used to detect the effect of nsPEF in vitro. Rate of cell death in these 12 different cancer cell lines was dependent on nsPEF voltage and pulse number. To examine the effect of nsPEF in vivo, carcinogen-induced cutaneous papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in mice were exposed to nsPEF with three pulse numbers (50, 200, and 400 pulses), two nominal electric fields (40 KV/cm and 31 KV/cm), and two pulse durations (7 ns and 14 ns). Carcinogen-induced cutaneous papillomas and squamous carcinomas were eliminated efficiently using one treatment of nsPEF with 14 ns duration pulses (33/39 = 85%), and all remaining lesions were eliminated after a 2nd treatment (6/39 = 15%). 13.5% of carcinogen-induced tumors (5 of 37) were eliminated using 7 ns duration pulses after one treatment of nsPEF. Associated with tumor lysis, expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xl and Bcl-2 were markedly reduced and apoptosis increased (TUNEL assay) after nsPEF treatment. nsPEF efficiently causes cell death in vitro and removes papillomas and squamous cell carcinoma in vivo from skin of mice. nsPEF has the therapeutic potential to remove human squamous carcinoma.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Electrochemotherapy; Electroporation; Mice; Papilloma; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 22937117
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043891 -
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology : KJO Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Papilloma, Inverted
PubMed: 36758560
DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2022.0121 -
Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology...
Topics: Humans; Conjunctiva; Conjunctival Neoplasms; Papilloma
PubMed: 36219089
DOI: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000543