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Nursing Open Sep 2021This study aimed to provide comprehensive information about the core determinants of fertility intentions. (Review)
Review
AIM
This study aimed to provide comprehensive information about the core determinants of fertility intentions.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
METHODS
Ovid, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS and GOOGLE SCHOLAR were searched for the relevant articles published from 1946-December 2017. We updated our records by searching three computerized databases (Ovid MEDLINE, SCOPUS and WOS) from 2018-January 2021.
RESULTS
53 studies included in the qualitative synthesis. The results of some studies indicated the impact of demographic factors, physical and psychological health, happiness and child desire. The most frequent variables in a couple's mesosystem were marital status, parity, partnership satisfaction and gender role attitude. The mesosystem of childbearing intention also included family and peers network. The EXEO system of the ECSM includes certain variables, such as job characteristics, urban residence, housing condition. The macrosystem comprises cultural and societal principles with broader influences on the couple's system.
Topics: Child; Female; Fertility; Humans; Intention; Marital Status; Parity; Personal Satisfaction; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33705606
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.849 -
BMC Public Health Mar 2023As reported, hypertension (HTN) plays a leading role in explaining mortality worldwide, but it still has many confounding factors. This study explored whether the number...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
As reported, hypertension (HTN) plays a leading role in explaining mortality worldwide, but it still has many confounding factors. This study explored whether the number of parity and age matters for HTN among couples from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).
METHODS
This study was conducted on 2851 couples from TLGS. All the variables were collected based on the standard protocol. The participants were categorized into four and five categories according to the number of parity (childless, one, two, three, or more parities) and age (18-30y, 30-40y, 40-50y, 50-60y, and 60-70y), respectively. Spline regression models via log link function for the binary outcome and linear link function for continuous outcomes were applied to evaluate the effect of interaction term age and parity categories on the desired outcome.
RESULTS
Among the total of 2851 pairs, 2.3% had no child, 9.5% had 1 child, 38.4% had 2 children, and 49.8% had ≥ 3 children. The adjusted risk (95% CI) of HTN in females aged 40-50y with 1 child, 2 and ≥ 3 children compared to no child were 1.14(1.04, 1.26), 1.05(1.01, 1.10), 1.12(1.07, 1.17), respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, in those aged 50-60y with 2 and ≥ 3 children, the risk of HTN significantly increased by 4%. In females aged 60-70y with ≥ 3 children compared to those without children, the risk of HTN increased by 2%. For males aged 30-40y with 2 children compared to the no child group, the adjusted risk of HTN increased by 17%, while for those with ≥ 3 children in the same age group, this risk significantly decreased by 13%. Moreover, in males aged 30-40y with 2 children, risk ratio of HTN increased by 17%, but in males with ≥ 3 children, it decreased by 13% and in those in the same groups but aged 40-50y the risk increased by 6% and 11%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that gender, childlessness, having one child, and multi-parity had different impacts on HTN. Further research is needed to confirm our findings.
Topics: Male; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Glucose; Risk Factors; Parity; Iran; Hypertension; Lipids
PubMed: 36907869
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15397-1 -
Journal of Animal Science Sep 2018The effects of parity and stage of gestation on female growth criteria, and reproductive performance were evaluated on a commercial sow farm. A total of 712 females...
The effects of parity and stage of gestation on female growth criteria, and reproductive performance were evaluated on a commercial sow farm. A total of 712 females (Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were group-housed and individually fed with electronic sow feeders. Gilts (parity 1) and sows were offered 2.0 and 2.26 kg of feed per day (4.7 and 5.3 Mcal NE per day), respectively. Females were moved from the breeding stall to pens on day 5 of gestation. A scale was located in the alleyway after sows left individual feeding stations. Feed intake and BW were recorded daily throughout gestation generating values for ADFI, ADG, and G:F for each sow. Data were divided into 3 parity groups: 1, 2, and 3+ and gestation was divided into 3 periods: day 5 to 39, 40 to 74, and 75 to 109. From day 5 to 39, ADFI was decreased (P < 0.05) for parity 3+ sows compared to the other periods of gestation. Parity 2 sows, although provided the same feed allowance, had greater (P < 0.05) ADFI during the first period of gestation than parity 3+ sows. Parity 1 and 2 sow ADG increased (P < 0.05) from day 39 to 74 of gestation, then decreased (P < 0.05) from day 74 to 109 of gestation. Parity 3+ sow ADG increased (P < 0.05) in each subsequent period of gestation. Parity 1 sows had the greatest (P < 0.05) ADG in comparison to parity 2 and 3+ sows in each period of gestation. Regardless of parity group, G:F was poorest (P < 0.05) from day 5 to 39 of gestation compared with sequential periods of gestation. Parity 1 sow G:F was greater (P < 0.05) than parity 2 and 3+ sows for all periods of gestation. Backfat gain indicated that parity 1 sows maintained backfat (approximately 18 mm) while parity 2 and 3+ sows gained (P < 0.05) approximately 1 mm backfat throughout gestation. Total born was greatest (P < 0.05) for parity 3+ sows with parity 1 sows marginally greater (P < 0.10) than parity 2 sows. Although there was statistical evidence (P < 0.001) for a positive correlation between BW gain and total born in parities 1 (r = 0.23; P = < 0.001), 2 (r = 0.15; P = 0.035), and 3+ (r = 0.29; P < 0.001), these correlations are very weak. Overall, this study indicates that parity 1 sows have the greatest G:F in gestation and that there is a lack of evidence for strong correlations between feed intake, growth, and reproductive performance.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Diet; Eating; Female; Parity; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Swine
PubMed: 30032249
DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky279 -
Maturitas Jan 2022To evaluate the association between parity and breastfeeding and anti-Müllerian hormone levels (AMH) and change in AMH levels over time. Furthermore, we examined... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between parity and breastfeeding and anti-Müllerian hormone levels (AMH) and change in AMH levels over time. Furthermore, we examined whether AMH levels mediate the relation of parity and breastfeeding with age at menopause.
STUDY DESIGN
Observational, prospective cohort study.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
AMH levels were assessed in a subset of premenopausal participants in the Nurses' Health Study II, including 1619 women who provided a blood sample in 1996-1999 and an additional 800 women who provided a second premenopausal sample in 2010-2012.
RESULTS
In multivariable linear regression models adjusted for parity, body mass index, smoking, and other factors, mean log AMH levels in 1996-1999 were 39% higher in women reporting ≥25 months of total breastfeeding vs. <1 month (P for trend = 0.009). Parity was not associated with AMH levels after adjustment for breastfeeding. Neither parity nor breastfeeding was associated with decline in AMH levels over 11 to 15 years. Breastfeeding duration was positively associated with age at menopause (P for trend = 0.01), with evidence that the association was mediated via AMH.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that breastfeeding is associated with higher AMH levels and later onset of menopause, and support the hypothesis that observed relations of parity with AMH levels and menopause timing may be largely attributable to breastfeeding.
Topics: Anti-Mullerian Hormone; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Menopause; Parity; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 34876244
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.09.006 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2020Pregnancy-related anxiety is contextualised by pregnancy and is a health concern for the mother and child. Perceived parental self-efficacy is associated with this...
Pregnancy-related anxiety is contextualised by pregnancy and is a health concern for the mother and child. Perceived parental self-efficacy is associated with this anxiety and age and parity are identified as influential factors. This research, therefore, predicted that negative perceptions of parental self-efficacy would predict greater pregnancy-related anxiety, moderated by parity and age. Participants ( = 771) were recruited online and assessed for perceived parental self-efficacy, pregnancy-related anxiety, and demographics. Moderation models showed that the psychosocial and sociodemographic factors combined predicted up to 49% of the variance. Parental self-efficacy predicted anxiety in the areas of body image, worry about themselves, baby concerns, pregnancy acceptance, attitudes towards medical staff and childbirth, and avoidance. Parity predicted pregnancy-related anxiety both overall and in childbirth concerns, worry about self, baby concerns and attitudes towards childbirth. Age predicted baby concerns. There was a significant moderation effect for pregnancy acceptance indicating that primiparous women with low perceptions of parental self-efficacy are less accepting of their pregnancy. Results suggest that parity and parental self-efficacy may be risk factors for first-time mothers for pregnancy-related anxiety.
Topics: Anxiety; Female; Humans; Parity; Parturition; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Self Efficacy; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32942604
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186709 -
Maternal & Child Nutrition Jul 2020One post-partum behaviour that may be protective against post-partum weight retention and long-term weight gain among women of reproductive age is lactation because of...
One post-partum behaviour that may be protective against post-partum weight retention and long-term weight gain among women of reproductive age is lactation because of its potential role in resetting maternal metabolism after pregnancy. However, most of the evidence focuses on weight retention at 6, 12, or 24 months post-partum, and data beyond 2 years after birth are sparse, and findings are inconclusive. Therefore, our aim was to assess the association of parity and mean duration of lactation per child with long-term weight change in Mexican women. We assessed the association of parity and mean duration of lactation per child with long-term weight change in 75,421 women from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort. Several multivariable regression models were fit to assess these associations. We also examined the non-linear association between duration of lactation and weight change using restricted cubic splines. We found that parous women (≥4 children) gained 2.81 kg more (95% CI [2.52, 3.10]) than did nulliparous women. The association between mean duration of lactation per child and weight change appeared to be non-linear. Women who breastfed on average 3-6 months per child had lower gain weight (-1.10, 95% CI [-1.58, -0.47 kg]) than had women who did not breastfeed. This association was linear up to 6 months of lactation per child. Our findings suggest that parity alters weight-gain trajectory in women and that lactation could reduce this alteration. These findings are important in the prevention of excessive weight gain through reproductive years and their future health implications.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Lactation; Mexico; Middle Aged; Parity; Postpartum Period; Time Factors; Weight Gain
PubMed: 32207579
DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12988 -
Journal of Animal Science Apr 2022Energy demands during lactation greatly influence sow body condition and piglet performance. We hypothesized that primiparous sows or sows with reduced body condition...
Energy demands during lactation greatly influence sow body condition and piglet performance. We hypothesized that primiparous sows or sows with reduced body condition would produce piglets with reduced growth and delayed sexual maturation. Eight weekly farrowing seasons were used to evaluate sow body condition (post-farrowing, PF and weaning, WN) and piglet growth from 157 dams. Body condition was measured at PF and WN using sow calipers (last rib and hip) and 10th rib ultrasound. Sows were categorized as thin, moderate, or fat by caliper (PF or WN). Individual pig weights were recorded on approximately 1, 10, WN, 45, 100, and 145 d of age. At 100 and 145 d of age, 10th-rib backfat and loin eye area were measured on 567 pigs and first estrus was monitored in 176 gilts reserved for breeding selection beginning at approximately 170 d of age. Sows had similar (P > 0.10) PF last rib caliper measurements but at WN, first parity sows had the smallest caliper measurements compared to other parities (P < 0.05). Parities 1, 2, and 3 sows had similar (P > 0.10) loin eye area at PF; however, at WN first parity sows had the smallest loin eye area (P < 0.05; 38.2 ± 0.63 cm2). Parity 1 sows had the greatest (P < 0.05) reduction of backfat and loin eye area over the lactation period (-2.9 ± 0.31 mm and -2.6 ± 0.49 cm2, respectively). At 1 d of age and WN, piglets from first parity sows weighed the least (P < 0.05) but were the heaviest (P < 0.05) at 100 and 145 d of age. Pigs from first parity litters had larger (P < 0.05) loin eye area at 100 and 145 d of age and greater backfat (P < 0.05) at 145 d of age. Fat sows at WN (last rib or hip) had the lightest (P < 0.05) piglets at 10 d of age and WN. However, at 45 d of age, piglets from fat sows (last rib or hip) were heavier (P < 0.05) than piglets from moderate and thin sows. Tenth rib backfat at 100 and 145 d of age tended (P < 0.10) to be less in pigs reared by thin sows (PF and WN hip). Tenth rib loin eye area was similar among pigs reared by fat, moderate, or thin sows. Gilts developed in litters from fourth parity sows had (P < 0.05) delayed age at puberty in contrast to gilts from first or third parity sows (200.9 ± 4.96 d vs. 189.0 ± 2.29 d and 187.5 ± 2.84 d, respectively). Although progeny body weights were typically less from first parity dams through 45 d of age, these progeny were similar or heavier at 100 and 145 d of age in contrast to progeny from other parities. Furthermore, gilt progeny from first parity dams did not have delayed pubertal attainment.
Topics: Animals; Female; Lactation; Parity; Pregnancy; Sexual Maturation; Sus scrofa; Swine; Weaning
PubMed: 35363309
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac031 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Apr 2015
Topics: Body Composition; Dietary Supplements; Female; Food, Fortified; Humans; Infant Food; Iron, Dietary; Male; Micronutrients; Parity; Pregnancy
PubMed: 25739928
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.108399 -
Aging Dec 2019Epidemiological studies have shown that increasing parity is associated with risk of hypertension and diabetes in parous women. However, the relationship between the...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Epidemiological studies have shown that increasing parity is associated with risk of hypertension and diabetes in parous women. However, the relationship between the parity degree with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still unknown.
RESULTS
Parous women with higher parity had increased age, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR and education levels. Compared with women with one-child birth, those with more than two-child births had greater prevalence of increased urinary albumin excretion (odds ratios [ORs] 1.53, 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.03 - 2.28) and CKD (ORs 1.79, 95% CI, 1.24 - 2.58) after multiple adjustments. In dose-response analysis, a nonlinear relationship of parity degree with albuminuria and CKD was detected.
CONCLUSION
Parity is associated with higher prevalence of albuminuria and CKD in middle-aged and elderly Chinese women.
METHODS
We conducted a community-based study in 6,946 women to investigate the association of parity with albuminuria and CKD. Increased urinary albumin excretion was defined as albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) greater or equal than 30 mg/g. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m² or presence of albuminuria.
Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Asian People; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Parity; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 31790364
DOI: 10.18632/aging.102507 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Jun 2016
Topics: Embryo Transfer; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Humans; Parity; Pregnancy
PubMed: 27468532
DOI: No ID Found