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Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Oct 2021The proliferation of user-friendly low-cost wearable sensors has brought the concept of real-time physiological monitoring for exertional heat illness to the cusp of... (Review)
Review
The proliferation of user-friendly low-cost wearable sensors has brought the concept of real-time physiological monitoring for exertional heat illness to the cusp of reality. This paper reviews and discusses the current state of the art in real-time physiological status monitoring for exertional heat illness mitigation within the military context. The review examines how both advanced sensor systems, models and algorithms are being combined in an international and collaborative way and how this is providing real solutions to military units to reduce the risk held by the commander. This paper provides additional detail into the process of integrating physiological status monitoring into military training, it explores the development of on-body sensors, the algorithms that can provide actionable information, the process of planning and dynamic risk assessment and describes some of the physiological monitoring systems that are currently being developed by the representative nations. It then discusses the knowledge gaps of how the technology will be integrated into military training, the importance of meaningful, accurate information that is both sensitive and specific and further developing the accuracy of the algorithms and models that are being employed. Finally, it talks about future direction and how individualizing physiological status monitoring can lead to performance enhancement in the form of individualized heat acclimatization programs. In conclusion, physiological status monitoring is at a stage of transition and integration where it can be used effectively to manage and reduce exertional heat illness to enable military personnel to train hard-train safe.
Topics: Heat Stress Disorders; Humans; Military Personnel; Monitoring, Physiologic; Risk Assessment; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 34148796
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.04.008 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020The axonal guidance molecules, semaphorins, have been described to function both physiologically and pathologically outside of the nervous system. In this review, we... (Review)
Review
The axonal guidance molecules, semaphorins, have been described to function both physiologically and pathologically outside of the nervous system. In this review, we focus on the vertebrate semaphorins found in classes 3 through 7 and their roles in vascular development and autoimmune diseases. Recent studies indicate that while some of these vertebrate semaphorins promote angiogenesis, others have an angiostatic function. Since some semaphorins are also expressed by different immune cells and are known to modulate immune responses, they have been implicated in autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. We conclude this review by addressing strategies targeting semaphorins as potential therapeutic agents for angiogenesis and autoimmune diseases.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Humans; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuropilins; Semaphorins
PubMed: 32210960
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00346 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Oct 2021Vascularization of 3D models represents a major challenge of tissue engineering and a key prerequisite for their clinical and industrial application. The use of... (Review)
Review
Vascularization of 3D models represents a major challenge of tissue engineering and a key prerequisite for their clinical and industrial application. The use of prevascularized models built from dedicated materials could solve some of the actual limitations, such as suboptimal integration of the bioconstructs within the host tissue, and would provide more in vivo-like perfusable tissue and organ-specific platforms. In the last decade, the fabrication of vascularized physiologically relevant 3D constructs has been attempted by numerous tissue engineering strategies, which are classified here in microfluidic technology, 3D coculture models, namely, spheroids and organoids, and biofabrication. In this review, the recent advancements in prevascularization techniques and the increasing use of natural and synthetic materials to build physiological organ-specific models are discussed. Current drawbacks of each technology, future perspectives, and translation of vascularized tissue constructs toward clinics, pharmaceutical field, and industry are also presented. By combining complementary strategies, these models are envisioned to be successfully used for regenerative medicine and drug development in a near future.
Topics: Bioprinting; In Vitro Techniques; Models, Biological; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 34351702
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100798 -
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology... Sep 2013Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the major components of brain and retina, and are the essential fatty acids with important physiologically active functions.... (Review)
Review
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the major components of brain and retina, and are the essential fatty acids with important physiologically active functions. Thus, PUFAs should be provided to children, and are very important in the brain growth and development for fetuses, newborn infants, and children. Omega-3 fatty acids decrease coronary artery disease and improve blood flow. PUFAs have been known to have anti-inflammatory action and improved the chronic inflammation such as auto-immune diseases or degenerative neurologic diseases. PUFAs are used for metabolic syndrome related with obesity or diabetes. However, there are several considerations related with intake of PUFAs. Obsession with the intake of unsaturated fatty acids could bring about the shortage of essential fatty acids that are crucial for our body, weaken the immune system, and increase the risk of heart disease, arrhythmia, and stroke. In this review, we discuss types, physiologic mechanism of action of PUFAs, intake of PUFAs for children, recommended intake of PUFAs, and considerations for the intake of PUFAs.
PubMed: 24224148
DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2013.16.3.153 -
Pharmaceutics Dec 2023Rational drug use in special populations is a clinical problem that doctors and pharma-cists must consider seriously. Neonates are the most physiologically immature and... (Review)
Review
Rational drug use in special populations is a clinical problem that doctors and pharma-cists must consider seriously. Neonates are the most physiologically immature and vulnerable to drug dosing. There is a pronounced difference in the anatomical and physiological profiles be-tween neonates and older people, affecting the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in vivo, ultimately leading to changes in drug concentration. Thus, dose adjustments in neonates are necessary to achieve adequate therapeutic concentrations and avoid drug toxicity. Over the past few decades, modeling and simulation techniques, especially physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, have been increasingly used in pediatric drug development and clinical therapy. This rigorously designed and verified model can effectively compensate for the deficiencies of clinical trials in neonates, provide a valuable reference for clinical research design, and even replace some clinical trials to predict drug plasma concentrations in newborns. This review introduces previous findings regarding age-dependent physiological changes and pathological factors affecting neonatal pharmacokinetics, along with their research means. The application of PBPK modeling in neonatal pharmacokinetic studies of various medications is also reviewed. Based on this, we propose future perspectives on neonatal PBPK modeling and hope for its broader application.
PubMed: 38140105
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122765 -
Kidney International Apr 2006Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channels are expressed widely in microvascular endothelia outside of the central nervous system, including renal vasa recta and tumor... (Review)
Review
Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channels are expressed widely in microvascular endothelia outside of the central nervous system, including renal vasa recta and tumor microvessels, as well as in non-vascular endothelia in pleura, peritoneum, cornea, and lymphatics. In kidney, AQP1-facilitated water transport in outer medullary descending vasa recta is likely an important component of the urinary concentrating mechanism. However, in most vascular endothelia outside of kidney, it remains uncertain whether AQP1 expression and high water permeability are physiologically important. AQP1 in non-vascular endothelia at the inner corneal surface is involved in the maintenance of corneal transparency. Recently, a new role of AQP1 in endothelial cell migration was discovered in analyzing the cause of defective tumor angiogenesis in AQP1-deficient mice. AQP1 facilitates endothelial cell migration by a mechanism that may involve facilitated water transport across cell protrusions (lamellipodia). AQP1 inhibitors may thus have aquaretic and antiangiogenic activity.
Topics: Animals; Aquaporin 1; Cell Membrane Structures; Cell Movement; Endothelium, Vascular; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microcirculation; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Pulmonary Circulation
PubMed: 16508658
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000226 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Apr 2018Members in Motin family, or Angiomotins (AMOTs), are adaptor proteins that localize in the membranous, cytoplasmic or nuclear fraction in a cell context-dependent... (Review)
Review
Members in Motin family, or Angiomotins (AMOTs), are adaptor proteins that localize in the membranous, cytoplasmic or nuclear fraction in a cell context-dependent manner. They control the bioprocesses such as migration, tight junction formation, cell polarity, and angiogenesis. Emerging evidences have demonstrated that AMOTs participate in cancer initiation and progression. Many of the previous studies have focused on the involvement of AMOTs in Hippo-YAP1 pathway. However, it has been controversial for years that AMOTs serve as either positive or negative growth regulators in different cancer types because of the various cellular origins. The molecular mechanisms of these opposite roles of AMOTs remain elusive. This review comprehensively summarized how AMOTs function physiologically and how their dysregulation promotes or inhibits tumorigenesis. Better understanding the functional roles of AMOTs in cancers may lead to an improvement of clinical interventions as well as development of novel therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Embryonic Development; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Models, Biological; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 29650031
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1466-y -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Analysis of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions using electronic-nose (e-nose) devices has shown promise for early detection of white-nose syndrome (WNS) in bats....
Analysis of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions using electronic-nose (e-nose) devices has shown promise for early detection of white-nose syndrome (WNS) in bats. Tricolored bats, , from three separate sampling groups defined by environmental conditions, levels of physical activity, and WNS-disease status were captured temporarily for collection of VOC emissions to determine relationships between these combinations of factors and physiological states, (Pd)-infection status, and metabolic conditions. Physiologically active (non-torpid) healthy individuals were captured outside of caves in Arkansas and Louisiana. In addition, healthy and WNS-diseased torpid bats were sampled within caves in Arkansas. Whole-body VOC emissions from bats were collected using portable air-collection and sampling-chamber devices in tandem. Electronic aroma-detection data using three-dimensional Principal Component Analysis provided strong evidence that the three groups of bats had significantly different e-nose aroma signatures, indicative of different VOC profiles. This was confirmed by differences in peak numbers, peak areas, and tentative chemical identities indicated by chromatograms from dual-column GC-analyses. The numbers and quantities of VOCs present in whole-body emissions from physiologically active healthy field bats were significantly greater than those of torpid healthy and diseased cave bats. Specific VOCs were identified as chemical biomarkers of healthy and diseased states, environmental conditions (outside and inside of caves), and levels of physiological activity. These results suggest that GC/E-nose dual-technologies based on VOC-detection and analyses of physiological states, provide noninvasive alternative means for early assessments of Pd-infection, WNS-disease status, and other physiological states.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Chiroptera; Electronic Nose; Humans; Nose; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 35161777
DOI: 10.3390/s22031031 -
Anaesthesia Jul 1989
Topics: Anesthesiology; General Surgery; Humans; Interprofessional Relations; Monitoring, Physiologic; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Neurophysiology
PubMed: 2774118
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1989.tb11436.x -
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B Sep 2016Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation can be used to predict the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs in humans using preclinical data. It... (Review)
Review
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation can be used to predict the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs in humans using preclinical data. It can also explore the effects of various physiologic parameters such as age, ethnicity, or disease status on human pharmacokinetics, as well as guide dose and dose regiment selection and aid drug-drug interaction risk assessment. PBPK modeling has developed rapidly in the last decade within both the field of academia and the pharmaceutical industry, and has become an integral tool in drug discovery and development. In this mini-review, the concept and methodology of PBPK modeling are briefly introduced. Several case studies were discussed on how PBPK modeling and simulation can be utilized through various stages of drug discovery and development. These case studies are from our own work and the literature for better understanding of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of a drug candidate, and the applications to increase efficiency, reduce the need for animal studies, and perhaps to replace clinical trials. The regulatory acceptance and industrial practices around PBPK modeling and simulation is also discussed.
PubMed: 27909650
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.04.004