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Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi =... Dec 2023The aging population and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly have brought a significant economic burden to families and society. The...
The aging population and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly have brought a significant economic burden to families and society. The non-invasive wearable sensing system can continuously and real-time monitor important physiological signs of the human body and evaluate health status. In addition, it can provide efficient and convenient information feedback, thereby reducing the health risks caused by chronic diseases in the elderly. A wearable system for detecting physiological and behavioral signals was developed in this study. We explored the design of flexible wearable sensing technology and its application in sensing systems. The wearable system included smart hats, smart clothes, smart gloves, and smart insoles, achieving long-term continuous monitoring of physiological and motion signals. The performance of the system was verified, and the new sensing system was compared with commercial equipment. The evaluation results demonstrated that the proposed system presented a comparable performance with the existing system. In summary, the proposed flexible sensor system provides an accurate, detachable, expandable, user-friendly and comfortable solution for physiological and motion signal monitoring. It is expected to be used in remote healthcare monitoring and provide personalized information monitoring, disease prediction, and diagnosis for doctors/patients.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Monitoring, Physiologic; Wearable Electronic Devices; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 38151929
DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202208012 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021This study aimed to identify the physiological 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake in cats using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and...
This study aimed to identify the physiological 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake in cats using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and determine its characteristics by comparing physiological differences with dogs. Seven healthy cats and six healthy beagle dogs were examined using FDG-PET/CT. Regions of interest (ROIs) were manually drawn over 41 detailed structures of 5 gross structures (brain, head and neck, musculoskeleton, thorax, and abdomen). The mean and maximum standard uptake values (SUVmean and SUVmax) were calculated for each ROI. Physiological variation was classified as having increased radiopharmaceutical activity with no evidence of abnormal clinical or radiological findings. The brain had the highest SUV, which was observed in the cerebellum of both cats (SUVmean: 4.90 ± 1.04, SUVmax: 6.04 ± 1.24) and dogs (SUVmean: 3.15 ± 0.57, SUVmax: 3.90 ± 0.74). Cats had a significantly higher intracranial uptake than dogs did ( < 0.01). In the digestive system, the SUVs of the duodenum and jejunum were significantly higher in dogs than in cats ( < 0.05). FDG uptake of the submandibular tip, tonsils, neck of the gallbladder, and caudal colliculus were physiologically increased in cats. This study demonstrates physiological FDG uptake in normal tissues, and the differences between cats and dogs were interpreted based on species-specificity. This information contributes to improving the accurate diagnosis of cancer in cats and will aid in understanding glucose metabolism in both cats and dogs.
PubMed: 34722693
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.708237 -
Anaesthesia Jul 1989
Topics: Anesthesiology; General Surgery; Humans; Interprofessional Relations; Monitoring, Physiologic; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Neurophysiology
PubMed: 2774118
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1989.tb11436.x -
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B Sep 2016Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation can be used to predict the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs in humans using preclinical data. It... (Review)
Review
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation can be used to predict the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs in humans using preclinical data. It can also explore the effects of various physiologic parameters such as age, ethnicity, or disease status on human pharmacokinetics, as well as guide dose and dose regiment selection and aid drug-drug interaction risk assessment. PBPK modeling has developed rapidly in the last decade within both the field of academia and the pharmaceutical industry, and has become an integral tool in drug discovery and development. In this mini-review, the concept and methodology of PBPK modeling are briefly introduced. Several case studies were discussed on how PBPK modeling and simulation can be utilized through various stages of drug discovery and development. These case studies are from our own work and the literature for better understanding of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of a drug candidate, and the applications to increase efficiency, reduce the need for animal studies, and perhaps to replace clinical trials. The regulatory acceptance and industrial practices around PBPK modeling and simulation is also discussed.
PubMed: 27909650
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.04.004 -
Kidney International Apr 2006Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channels are expressed widely in microvascular endothelia outside of the central nervous system, including renal vasa recta and tumor... (Review)
Review
Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channels are expressed widely in microvascular endothelia outside of the central nervous system, including renal vasa recta and tumor microvessels, as well as in non-vascular endothelia in pleura, peritoneum, cornea, and lymphatics. In kidney, AQP1-facilitated water transport in outer medullary descending vasa recta is likely an important component of the urinary concentrating mechanism. However, in most vascular endothelia outside of kidney, it remains uncertain whether AQP1 expression and high water permeability are physiologically important. AQP1 in non-vascular endothelia at the inner corneal surface is involved in the maintenance of corneal transparency. Recently, a new role of AQP1 in endothelial cell migration was discovered in analyzing the cause of defective tumor angiogenesis in AQP1-deficient mice. AQP1 facilitates endothelial cell migration by a mechanism that may involve facilitated water transport across cell protrusions (lamellipodia). AQP1 inhibitors may thus have aquaretic and antiangiogenic activity.
Topics: Animals; Aquaporin 1; Cell Membrane Structures; Cell Movement; Endothelium, Vascular; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microcirculation; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Pulmonary Circulation
PubMed: 16508658
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000226 -
Pharmaceutics Dec 2023Rational drug use in special populations is a clinical problem that doctors and pharma-cists must consider seriously. Neonates are the most physiologically immature and... (Review)
Review
Rational drug use in special populations is a clinical problem that doctors and pharma-cists must consider seriously. Neonates are the most physiologically immature and vulnerable to drug dosing. There is a pronounced difference in the anatomical and physiological profiles be-tween neonates and older people, affecting the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in vivo, ultimately leading to changes in drug concentration. Thus, dose adjustments in neonates are necessary to achieve adequate therapeutic concentrations and avoid drug toxicity. Over the past few decades, modeling and simulation techniques, especially physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, have been increasingly used in pediatric drug development and clinical therapy. This rigorously designed and verified model can effectively compensate for the deficiencies of clinical trials in neonates, provide a valuable reference for clinical research design, and even replace some clinical trials to predict drug plasma concentrations in newborns. This review introduces previous findings regarding age-dependent physiological changes and pathological factors affecting neonatal pharmacokinetics, along with their research means. The application of PBPK modeling in neonatal pharmacokinetic studies of various medications is also reviewed. Based on this, we propose future perspectives on neonatal PBPK modeling and hope for its broader application.
PubMed: 38140105
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122765 -
Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jul 2020Developmental changes in children can affect the disposition and clinical effects of a drug, indicating that scaling an adult dose simply down per linear weight can... (Review)
Review
Developmental changes in children can affect the disposition and clinical effects of a drug, indicating that scaling an adult dose simply down per linear weight can potentially lead to overdosing, especially in very young children. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are compartmental, mathematical models that can be used to predict plasma drug concentrations in pediatric populations and acquire insight into the influence of age-dependent physiological differences on drug disposition. Pediatric PBPK models have generated attention in the last decade, because physiological parameters for model building are increasingly available and regulatory guidelines demand pediatric studies during drug development. Due to efforts from academia, PBPK model developers, pharmaceutical companies and regulatory authorities, examples are now available where clinical studies in children have been replaced or informed by PBPK models. However, the number of pediatric PBPK models and their predictive performance still lags behind that of adult models. In this review we discuss the general pediatric PBPK model principles, indicate the challenges that can arise when developing models, and highlight new applications, to give an overview of the current status and future perspective of pediatric PBPK modeling.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Animals; Child; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Development; Humans; Models, Biological; Pediatrics; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics
PubMed: 32246949
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107541 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2020Each year, billions of ornamental young plants are produced worldwide from cuttings that are harvested from stock plants and planted to form adventitious roots....
Each year, billions of ornamental young plants are produced worldwide from cuttings that are harvested from stock plants and planted to form adventitious roots. Depending on the plant genotype, the maturation of the cutting, and the particular environment, which is complex and often involves intermediate storage of cuttings under dark conditions and shipping between different climate regions, induced senescence or abscission of leaves and insufficient root development can impair the success of propagation and the quality of generated young plants. Recent findings on the molecular and physiological control of leaf vitality and adventitious root formation are integrated into a systemic perspective on improved physiologically-based control of cutting propagation. The homeostasis and signal transduction of the wound responsive plant hormones ethylene and jasmonic acid, of auxin, cytokinins and strigolactones, and the carbon-nitrogen source-sink balance in cuttings are considered as important processes that are both, highly responsive to environmental inputs and decisive for the development of cuttings. Important modules and bottlenecks of cutting function are identified. Critical environmental inputs at stock plant and cutting level are highlighted and physiological outputs that can be used as quality attributes to monitor the functional capacity of cuttings and as response parameters to optimize the cutting environment are discussed. Facing the great genetic diversity of ornamental crops, a physiologically targeted approach is proposed to define bottleneck-specific plant groups. Components from the field of machine learning may help to mathematically describe the complex environmental response of specific plant species.
PubMed: 32714348
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00907 -
Endocrinology Aug 2021Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript encodes an eponymous peptide, CARTp, which exerts diverse pharmacologic actions in the central and peripheral nervous... (Review)
Review
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript encodes an eponymous peptide, CARTp, which exerts diverse pharmacologic actions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in several endocrine organs, including pancreas. Here we review those diverse actions, the physiological relevance of which had remained unestablished until recently. With the identification of a CARTp receptor, GPR160, the physiologic importance and therapeutic potential of CARTp or analogs are being revealed. Not only is the CARTp-GPR160 interaction essential for the circadian regulation of appetite and thirst but also for the transmission of nerve injury-induced pain. Molecular approaches now are uncovering additional physiologically relevant actions and the development of acute tissue-specific gene compromise approaches may reveal even more physiologically relevant actions of this pluripotent ligand/receptor pair.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 34043767
DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab108 -
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and... Sep 2020Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for chemicals in food animals are a useful tool in estimating chemical tissue residues and withdrawal intervals.... (Review)
Review
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for chemicals in food animals are a useful tool in estimating chemical tissue residues and withdrawal intervals. Physiological parameters such as organ weights and blood flows are an important component of a PBPK model. The objective of this study was to compile PBPK-related physiological parameter data in food animals, including cattle and swine. Comprehensive literature searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest. Relevant literature was reviewed and tables of relevant parameters such as relative organ weights (% of body weight) and relative blood flows (% of cardiac output) were compiled for different production classes of cattle and swine. The mean and standard deviation of each parameter were calculated to characterize their variability and uncertainty and to allow investigators to conduct population PBPK analysis via Monte Carlo simulations. Regression equations using weight or age were created for parameters having sufficient data. These compiled data provide a comprehensive physiological parameter database for developing PBPK models of chemicals in cattle and swine to support animal-derived food safety assessment. This work also provides a basis to compile data in other food animal species, including goats, sheep, chickens, and turkeys.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Drug Residues; Models, Biological; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics; Swine
PubMed: 32270548
DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12861