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Immunology Mar 2009DNA breaks play an essential role in germinal centre B cells as intermediates to immunoglobulin class switching, a recombination process initiated by activation-induced... (Review)
Review
DNA breaks play an essential role in germinal centre B cells as intermediates to immunoglobulin class switching, a recombination process initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Immunoglobulin gene hypermutation is likewise catalysed by AID but is believed to occur via single-strand DNA breaks. When improperly repaired, AID-mediated lesions can promote chromosomal translocations (CTs) that juxtapose the immunoglobulin loci to heterologous genomic sites, including oncogenes. Two of the most studied translocations are the t(8;14) and T(12;15), which deregulate cMyc in human Burkitt's lymphomas and mouse plasmacytomas, respectively. While a complete understanding of the aetiology of such translocations is lacking, recent studies using diverse mouse models have shed light on two important issues: (1) the extent to which non-specific or AID-mediated DNA lesions promote CTs, and (2) the safeguard mechanisms that B cells employ to prevent AID tumorigenic activity. Here we review these advances and discuss the usage of pristane-induced mouse plasmacytomas as a tool to investigate the origin of Igh-cMyc translocations and B-cell tumorigenesis.
Topics: Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cytidine Deaminase; Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain; Genes, myc; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice; Plasmacytoma; Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin; Translocation, Genetic
PubMed: 19302140
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.03050.x -
Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the left main bronchus: A case report and literature review.Thoracic Cancer Feb 2023Tracheal tumors are rare, accounting for 0.1% of all malignancies. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma are the two most prevalent tracheal cancers. Less... (Review)
Review
Tracheal tumors are rare, accounting for 0.1% of all malignancies. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma are the two most prevalent tracheal cancers. Less than 20 cases of extramedullary plasmacytoma in the trachea and main bronchus have ever been documented in the literature, making it extremely uncommon. Although the origin of these lesions is unclear, viral pathogenesis and persistent inflammation are thought to be the main causes. Clinically, these individuals exhibit vague symptoms such as stridor, a persistent cough, dyspnea, or wheezing, making a correct diagnosis difficult.
Topics: Humans; Trachea; Plasmacytoma; Tracheal Neoplasms; Bronchi; Bronchial Neoplasms; Bone Neoplasms
PubMed: 36635969
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14790 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Sep 1968Three cases of plasmacytoma of the thyroid are described and their clinical and histological features recorded. Two were considered to be true extramedullary...
Three cases of plasmacytoma of the thyroid are described and their clinical and histological features recorded. Two were considered to be true extramedullary plasmacytomas, the third the initial manifestation of a disseminated myelomatous process. Plasmacytomas of the thyroid are shown to have many features in common with malignant lymphomas in this site, including an association with Hashimoto thyroiditis in more than half the reported cases. No certain method of assessing the prognosis in any individual case has yet been described.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune
PubMed: 5754880
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.21.5.661 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Aug 2018A 10-year-old greyhound dog was presented because of an incidental finding of a tonsillar mass. Excisional surgical biopsy was performed and the dog was diagnosed with...
A 10-year-old greyhound dog was presented because of an incidental finding of a tonsillar mass. Excisional surgical biopsy was performed and the dog was diagnosed with an incompletely resected plasma cell tumor. Adjuvant therapy was declined. One year later there was no local recurrence or distant metastasis of the mass or clinical signs associated with the tonsillar plasmacytoma.
Topics: Animals; Biopsy; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Plasmacytoma; Tonsillar Neoplasms
PubMed: 30104774
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Case Reports Feb 2017Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EP) are tumours composed by a monoclonal population of plasma cells that arise in extraosseus tissues, comprising <5% of all plasma cell...
Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EP) are tumours composed by a monoclonal population of plasma cells that arise in extraosseus tissues, comprising <5% of all plasma cell neoplasms. Usually, EP arise in the head and neck region, and the stomach is the second most common location-gastric plasmacytoma (GP). Clinical and radiological manifestations are unspecific and may mimic other tumours like gastric adenocarcinomas, gastric stromal tumours and lymphomas, mainly marginal cell lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) and usually definitive diagnosis is provided by pathological evaluation. We present a case of primary GP, discovered incidentally as a polypoid lesion. Tumour was composed by sheets of mature and immature plasmocytes positive for CD138 on immunohistochemistry, without Helicobacter pylori identification. The patient is alive 6 years later and without tumour relapse.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone; Male; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 28167693
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-218967 -
Medicine Jul 2021Due to the rarity of solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP), few studies reported the prognosis and survival predictors of SBP, especially for patients with extremity SBP.A...
Due to the rarity of solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP), few studies reported the prognosis and survival predictors of SBP, especially for patients with extremity SBP.A total of 552 patients with extremity SBP were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology and Ends Results (SEER) database between 1973 and 2016. In order to obtain independent predictors of survival, we performed both univariate and multivariate analysis via Cox proportional hazards model. Additionally, we used the Kaplan-Meier method to construct survival curves.The mean and median age at diagnosis of all patients were 64 and 65 years, respectively. The ratio of male versus women was 1.3:1. Overall survival for this special population was 51.2% and 34.9% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) for this special population was 63.5% and 47.5% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Age at diagnosis and radiotherapy treatment were found to be significant independent predictors of both overall survival and CSS. Additionally, multivariate analysis showed that year of diagnosis and marital status were significantly correlated with CSS.This is the first study to identify prognostic factors of extremity SBP by using the SEER database. Our findings highlight that radiotherapy is the mainstream treatment for extremity SBP. Additionally, age, year of diagnosis, and marital status were significant independent predictors of survival. Knowledge of these survival predictors may help clinicians provide appropriate management for extremity SBP patients.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; China; Extremities; Female; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Marital Status; Middle Aged; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; Plasmacytoma; Prognosis; Radiotherapy; SEER Program
PubMed: 34190199
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000026568 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Jul 2017Cutaneous plasmacytosis (CP) is a syndrome of multiple cutaneous plasma cell tumors, in the absence of multiple myeloma. Although rare in both humans and dogs, treatment...
BACKGROUND
Cutaneous plasmacytosis (CP) is a syndrome of multiple cutaneous plasma cell tumors, in the absence of multiple myeloma. Although rare in both humans and dogs, treatment recommendations are usually extrapolated from multiple myeloma protocols. To date, no case series of CP have been described in the veterinary literature.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
To describe clinical presentation, determine treatment response rates and duration, and report overall survival of dogs with CP.
ANIMALS
Twenty-one client-owned dogs with CP.
METHODS
Medical records of 21 dogs with CP were reviewed. Diagnosis was based on histopathologic evaluation of at least 1 representative cutaneous or subcutaneous lesion in dogs with ≥3 lesions. Dogs with suspicion of multiple myeloma were excluded.
RESULTS
The most commonly affected breeds were the golden (5/21) and Labrador retriever (3/21). Fourteen of 21 dogs had >10 lesions, with some having >100. Lesions commonly were described as round, raised, pink-to-red, and variably alopecic or ulcerated. The most commonly used drug protocol was combined melphalan and prednisone, with an overall response rate (ORR) of 73.7% (14/19 dogs). Single-agent lomustine was associated with a similar ORR of 71.4% (5/7 dogs). For all treatments combined, the median progression-free interval after the first treatment was 153 days. The median survival time from the first treatment was 542 days.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Alkylating agents were effective in inducing remission of CP; corticosteroids, melphalan, and lomustine were the most commonly used drugs. Survival times were similar to those reported in dogs with multiple myeloma treated with alkylating agents.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Lomustine; Male; Melphalan; Plasmacytoma; Prednisone; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 28514049
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14729 -
Medicine Jan 2003We describe an easily recognizable and previously not individualized clinical syndrome that can reveal solitary plasmacytoma of bone. We report 4 patients with a slowly... (Review)
Review
The AESOP (adenopathy and extensive skin patch overlying a plasmacytoma) syndrome: report of 4 cases of a new syndrome revealing POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein, and skin changes) syndrome at a curable stage.
We describe an easily recognizable and previously not individualized clinical syndrome that can reveal solitary plasmacytoma of bone. We report 4 patients with a slowly extending violaceous skin patch overlying a solitary plasmacytoma of bone, associated with enlarged regional lymph nodes. Biopsies of the cutaneous lesion and the lymph nodes were not specific, although increased dermal mucin deposition and vascular proliferation were present in all skin specimens. Three patients had associated polyneuropathy. One patient had POEMS (Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal protein, and Skin changes) syndrome at the time the plasmacytoma was diagnosed. Another patient developed POEMS syndrome, from which he died, 4 years after excision of the plasmacytoma. The 3 other patients were treated either with irradiation or with a combination of irradiation and surgery, and recovered completely, including from the associated neuropathy and/or POEMS syndrome. We suggest calling this unique and distinctive clinical presentation the for
Topics: Aged; Humans; Lymphatic Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; POEMS Syndrome; Plasmacytoma; Syndrome
PubMed: 12544710
DOI: 10.1097/00005792-200301000-00005 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... 2015Extramedullary plasmacytoma is the malignant proliferation of single clone of plasma cells arising outside the bone marrow. Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP)... (Review)
Review
Extramedullary plasmacytoma is the malignant proliferation of single clone of plasma cells arising outside the bone marrow. Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) are solitary lesion mostly located in upper respiratory tract and nasopharynx. Involvement of lower respiratory tract is rarely seen in case of SEP. Here, we report a rare case of pulmonary plasmacytoma in a 50-year-old male presenting as left lower lobe lung mass with endobronchial extension. Subsequent investigations, histological and immunohistochemical examination of tumor confirmed the diagnosis of plasmacytoma. Work-up for the multiple myeloma came out to be negative, thus confirming the diagnosis of SEP. Pulmonary plasmacytoma, a rare presentation of extramedullary plasmacytoma should be kept in mind by dealing with the patients of lung mass and endobronchial extension.
Topics: Bronchial Neoplasms; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Prognosis
PubMed: 26881595
DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.150350 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Mar 2017
Topics: Blood Cell Count; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Leukemia, Plasma Cell; Male; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 28296609
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1611205