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Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022are gram-negative, thermotolerant, motile, and pleomorphic microorganisms that are only distantly related to those of the Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae families....
are gram-negative, thermotolerant, motile, and pleomorphic microorganisms that are only distantly related to those of the Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae families. One of the most common sources of contamination is human stool, but it may also be found in a wide range of other animals, plants, and aquatic habitats. Antimicrobial resistance in from seawater and shellfish was investigated, and pathogenicity involved genes were characterized as part of this study. Out of 384 samples of shellfish, 5.7% included . The presence of was also discovered in 5% of the seawater sampled. The antimicrobial resistance of 23 isolates derived from those samples was investigated. All isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid, carbenicillin, cephalothin, erythromycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin in the study. Several strains isolated from diseased shellfish were tested for virulence in shellfish by intraperitoneal injections. The LD values ranged from 12 × 10 to 3 × 10 cfu/shellfish. When looking for possible virulence factors that may play a significant role in bacterial infection in the current study, we found that all of these genes were present in these strains. These include genes such as elastase, lipase, flagellin, enterotoxin, and DNases. According to these findings, shellfish may serve as a reservoir for multi-resistant and help spread virulence genes across the environment.
PubMed: 35052962
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010085 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Aug 2010In this study, we report the case of a 2.5-day-old neonate with septicemia and meningitis due to Plesiomonas shigelloides. Culture of the cerebrospinal fluid showed... (Review)
Review
In this study, we report the case of a 2.5-day-old neonate with septicemia and meningitis due to Plesiomonas shigelloides. Culture of the cerebrospinal fluid showed Gram-negative rods, although the glucose, protein and leukocyte counts were normal. The patient was treated with meropenem and survived without any sequelae, although we were not able to identify the source of the infection. In addition, ten previously reported cases of this infection are reviewed.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meningoencephalitis; Meropenem; Plesiomonas; Sepsis; Thienamycins; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 20688296
DOI: 10.1016/S1684-1182(10)60053-9 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Flavonoids have antimicrobial and anti-oxidation properties. The effects of the flavonoid quercetin on the intestinal microflora of freshwater dark sleeper were tested...
Flavonoids have antimicrobial and anti-oxidation properties. The effects of the flavonoid quercetin on the intestinal microflora of freshwater dark sleeper were tested for the first time. juveniles were treated with quercetin for 21 days at one of three concentrations (2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/L) and compared with a control group that was not treated with quercetin. Quercetin improved the stability of the intestinal flora in and the probiotic bacteria spp. and spp. increased in species abundance after the low concentration quercetin treatments. Furthermore, the abundance of pathogenic bacteria spp., spp., and spp. decreased after the fish had been exposed to quercetin. Activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD), (glutathione S-transferase, GST), (glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px), and (total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC) increased in the livers of treated with quercetin, thereby increasing their hepatic antioxidant capacity and their ability to scavenge free radicals.
PubMed: 36290739
DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102015 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Jan 2023Diarrhea is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among children younger than 5 years in developing countries. Children from 3 to 60 months of age were recruited...
Diarrhea is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among children younger than 5 years in developing countries. Children from 3 to 60 months of age were recruited from two hospitals in Nepal- Bharatpur Hospital, Bharatpur, and Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu-in 2006 to 2009. Stool specimens collected from 1,200 children with acute diarrhea (cases) and 1,200 children without diarrhea (control subjects) were examined for a broad range of enteropathogens by standard microbiology, including microscopy, enzyme immunoassay for viral pathogens (adenovirus, astrovirus, and rotavirus) and protozoa (Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba histolytica), as well as by using reverse transcription real-time polymerase for norovirus. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Overall, rotavirus (22% versus 2%), norovirus (13% versus 7%), adenovirus (3% versus 0%), Shigella (6% versus 1%), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (8% versus 4%), Vibrio (7% versus 0%), and Aeromonas (9% versus 3%) were identified significantly more frequently in cases than control subjects. Campylobacter, Plesiomonas, Salmonella, and diarrheagenic E. coli (enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, enteroaggregative) were identified in similar proportions in diarrheal and non-diarrheal stools. Campylobacter was resistant to second-generation quinolone drugs (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), whereas Vibrio and Shigella were resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. This study documents the important role of rotavirus and norovirus in acute diarrhea in children younger than 5 years, followed by the bacteria Shigella, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Vibrio cholera, and Aeromonas. Data on the prevalence and epidemiology of enteropathogens identify potential pathogens for public health interventions, whereas pathogen antibiotic resistance pattern data may provide guidance on choice of therapy in clinical settings.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Child, Preschool; Cryptosporidiosis; Nepal; Cryptosporidium; Diarrhea; Rotavirus; Shigella; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; Campylobacter; Adenoviridae; Norovirus; Adenoviridae Infections; Anti-Infective Agents; Acute Disease
PubMed: 36509064
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1219 -
Infection and Immunity Feb 1982To evaluate the enteropathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides, the rate of isolation of these organisms was compared among individuals with...
To evaluate the enteropathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides, the rate of isolation of these organisms was compared among individuals with and without diarrhea in Thailand. In two groups of American travelers, A. hydrophila, but not P. shigelloides, was associated with episodes of travelers diarrhea more often than when individuals did not have diarrhea (P less than 0.025). Among three populations of Thais, A. hydrophila and P. shigelloides were isolated with similar frequencies from individuals with and without diarrhea. The biochemical characteristics, production of cytotoxin, and ability to distend suckling mouse intestine were similar among A. hydrophila isolates from individuals with and without diarrhea. However, cytotoxic A. hydrophila strains distended rabbit and suckling mouse intestine and produced destructive lesions in intestinal mucosa of both species of animal. P. shigelloides strains produced neither cytotoxin nor distended intestine. Oral administration of whole cultures (10(9)) of cytotoxic A. hydrophila or P. shigelloides failed to cause diarrhea in rhesus monkeys. Volunteer studies or intestinal biopsies of patients with diarrhea may be required to establish whether A. hydrophila is a gastrointestinal pathogen in humans.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aeromonas; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Enterotoxins; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Thailand; United States; Vibrionaceae
PubMed: 7056580
DOI: 10.1128/iai.35.2.666-673.1982 -
BMC Veterinary Research Apr 2022Bacterial infections are responsible of high economic losses in aquaculture. Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) is a threatened native trout species that...
Bacterial and parasite co-infection in Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) by Aeromonas bestiarum, Aeromonas sobria, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Ichthyobodo necator.
BACKGROUND
Bacterial infections are responsible of high economic losses in aquaculture. Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) is a threatened native trout species that has been introduced in aquaculture both for species conservation and breeding for production and for which no studies of bacterial infections have been reported.
CASE PRESENTATION
Fish from juvenile stages of Mexican golden trout showed an infectious outbreak in a farm in co-culture with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), showing external puntiform red lesions around the mouth and caudal pedunculus resembling furuncles by Aeromonas spp. and causing an accumulated mortality of 91%. Isolation and molecular identification of bacteria from lesions and internal organs showed the presence of Aeromonas bestiarum, Aeromonas sobria, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Ichthyobodo necator isolated from a single individual. All bacterial isolates were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefazoline. P. shigelloides was resistant to third generation β-lactamics.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report of coinfection by Aeromonas bestiarum, Aeromonas sobria, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Ichthyobodo necator in an individual of Mexican golden trout in co-culture with rainbow trout. Resistance to β-lactams suggests the acquisition of genetic determinants from water contamination by human- or livestock-associated activities.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Coinfection; Fish Diseases; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Necator; Oncorhynchus; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Parasites; Plesiomonas
PubMed: 35414073
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03208-5 -
Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde Mar 2011Three cases of fatal septicaemia due to Plesiomonas shigelloides and one due to Edwardsiella tarda were diagnosed in newborn penguins from the Basle Zoo, Switzerland...
Three cases of fatal septicaemia due to Plesiomonas shigelloides and one due to Edwardsiella tarda were diagnosed in newborn penguins from the Basle Zoo, Switzerland from 2003 to 2007. The affected penguins were of two different species (king penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus, and African penguin, Spheniscus demersus) and between 2 and 10 days old at the time of death. The causative agents, E. tarda and P. shigelloides are ubiquitous bacteria which are reported to be present in the normal intestinal flora of wild and captive aquatic animals, including penguins. Their occurrence and infectious potential is discussed.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Zoo; Bacteremia; Bird Diseases; Cause of Death; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Plesiomonas; Spheniscidae; Survival Rate
PubMed: 21360449
DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000165 -
Microbiology Spectrum Mar 2023Probiotics are an alternative strategy for antibiotics, but most probiotics are Gram-positive bacteria suitable for terrestrial animals. Therefore, it is imperative to...
Probiotics are an alternative strategy for antibiotics, but most probiotics are Gram-positive bacteria suitable for terrestrial animals. Therefore, it is imperative to develop dedicated probiotics for the common carp industry to be ecologically efficient and environmentally friendly. A novel Enterobacter asburiae named E7 was isolated from the intestine of healthy common carp and displayed an extensive antibacterial spectrum against Aeromonas hydrophila, A. veronii, A. caviae, A. media, A. jandaei, A. enteropelogenes, A. schubertii, A. salmonicida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ps. putida, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and . E7 was nonpathogenic to the host and susceptible to the majority of antibiotics used in human clinical practice. E7 could grow between 10 and 45°C and between pH 4 and 7 and was extremely resistant to 4% (wt/vol) bile salts. Diets were supplemented with 1 × 10 CFU/g E7 for 28 days. No significant difference in the growth of fish was observed. Expression of immune-related genes , , and in common carp kidney was significantly upregulated at weeks 1, 2, and 4 ( < 0.01). A significant upregulation of , , and expression was observed after week 4 ( < 0.01). There was a significant increase in mRNA expression of at week 3 ( < 0.01). Following challenge by Aeromonas veronii, the survival rate (91.05%) was significantly higher than observed in the controls (54%; < 0.01). Collectively, E7 is a promising new Gram-negative probiotic that can enhance health and bacterial resistance of aquatic animals and could thus be developed as an exclusive aquatic probiotic. In the present study, we evaluated for the first time the efficiency of Enterobacter asburiae as a prospective probiotic for aquaculture applications. The E7 strain showed extensive resistance to , no pathogenicity to the host, and stronger environmental tolerance. We observed that the resistance of common carp to was enhanced by feeding a diet containing 1 × 10 CFU/g E7 for 28 days, but growth was not improved. Strain E7 can act as an immunostimulant to induce the upregulation of some innate cellular and humoral immune responses, resulting in enhanced resistance to . Hence, the continuous activation of immune cells can be maintained by adding suitable fresh probiotics to the diet. E7 has the potential to act as a probiotic agent for green, sustainable aquaculture and aquatic product safety.
PubMed: 36975994
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04273-22 -
Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang... Dec 2000To study the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological features of Plesiomonas shigelloides infection in Hong Kong.
OBJECTIVE
To study the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological features of Plesiomonas shigelloides infection in Hong Kong.
DESIGN
Retrospective study.
SETTING
Infectious Disease Unit of a district hospital, Hong Kong.
PATIENTS
Patients with laboratory-confirmed cases of Plesiomonas shigelloides infection between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 1998.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Epidemiological and clinical data, antibiotic sensitivity, and clinical outcome.
RESULTS
There was an increasing trend in the number of isolates of Plesiomonas shigelloides obtained and the prevalence of the bacterium. A total of 197 isolates were obtained from 188 patients, and most isolates (172; 87.3%) were obtained during the summer. Clinical and epidemiological data were available for 167 patients (85 males, 82 females). Patient age ranged from 1 month to 95 years; the mean and median ages of the patients older than 15 years were 51.0 and 40.5 years, respectively (n=132). Only 35 (21.0%) of the 167 patients had a history of travel outside Hong Kong, whereas 21 (12.6%) had a history of consuming seafood or uncooked food; 39 (23.4%) had underlying medical conditions. Most patients (165; 98.8%) had symptoms of Plesiomonas shigelloides infection. Nine (5.4%) patients had had chronic diarrhoea for more than 2 weeks; watery and bloody diarrhoea was discharged by 122 (73.1%) and 42 (25.1%) of the patients, respectively. All 197 Plesiomonas shigelloides isolates were sensitive to ofloxacin, or levofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Resistance or partial resistance was recorded for ampicillin (72%), tetracycline (67%), co-trimoxazole (12%), and chloramphenicol (5%). The majority of patients (142/167; 85.0%) had self-limiting cases of infection, but 25 patients were given antibiotics for more severe symptoms at the time of presentation; there were two deaths.
CONCLUSIONS
The occurrence of Plesiomonas shigelloides infection in Hong Kong is increasing, although most cases of are self-limiting.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Hong Kong; Humans; Infant; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Plesiomonas; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 11177159
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021The external mucosal surfaces of the fish harbor complex microbial communities, which may play pivotal roles in the physiological, metabolic, and immunological status of...
The external mucosal surfaces of the fish harbor complex microbial communities, which may play pivotal roles in the physiological, metabolic, and immunological status of the host. Currently, little is known about the composition and role of these communities, whether they are species and/or tissue specific and whether they reflect their surrounding environment. Co-culture of fish, a common practice in semi-intensive aquaculture, where different fish species cohabit in the same contained environment, is an easily accessible and informative model toward understanding such interactions. This study provides the first in-depth characterization of gill and skin microbiomes in co-cultured Nile tilapia () and grey mullet () in semi-intensive pond systems in Egypt using 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing. Results showed that the microbiome composition of the external surfaces of both species and pond water was dominated by the following bacterial phyla: , and . However, water microbial communities had the highest abundance and richness and significantly diverged from the external microbiome of both species; thus, the external autochthonous communities are not a passive reflection of their allochthonous communities. The autochthonous bacterial communities of the skin were distinct from those of the gill in both species, indicating that the external microbiome is likely organ specific. However, gill autochthonous communities were clearly species specific, whereas skin communities showed higher commonalities between both species. Core microbiome analysis identified the presence of shared core taxa between both species and pond water in addition to organ-specific taxa within and between the core community of each species. These core taxa included possibly beneficial genera such as , , and and opportunistic potential pathogens such as , , and . This study provides the first in-depth mapping of bacterial communities in this semi-intensive system that in turn provides a foundation for further studies toward enhancing the health and welfare of these cultured fish and ensuring sustainability.
PubMed: 34966368
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.773860