-
Annals of Translational Medicine Mar 2022The gut microbiome is associated with the response to immunotherapy in a variety of advanced cancers. However, the influence of the gut microbiome on locally advanced...
Crosstalk between the gut microbiome and clinical response in locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma during neoadjuvant camrelizumab and chemotherapy.
BACKGROUND
The gut microbiome is associated with the response to immunotherapy in a variety of advanced cancers. However, the influence of the gut microbiome on locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) during programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody immunotherapy plus chemotherapy is not clearly demonstrated. To explore the crosstalk between the gut microbiome and clinical response in locally advanced thoracic ESCC during neoadjuvant camrelizumab and chemotherapy.
METHODS
Patients who were diagnosed with locally advanced thoracic ESCC and had not received treatment were enrolled. The treatment regimen was two cycles of camrelizumab combined with carboplatin and albumin paclitaxel before surgery. The research endpoints were pathological complete response (pCR) and major pathological response (MPR). Fecal samples were collected at three time points: before neoadjuvant therapy, after two cycles of neoadjuvant therapy, and after surgery. We performed 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) V3-V4 sequencing of the gene amplicons of fecal samples, as well as bacterial diversity and differential abundance analyses.
RESULTS
A total of 46 patients were recruited, and 44, 42, and 35 fecal samples were collected at the three time points, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed in the amplicon sequence variant (ASV)-level alpha diversity indices, including Chao1, Shannon, and Good's coverage, between the three time points. The non-pCR-enriched gut microbiota included Proteobacteria, Dialister, Aeromonadales, Pseudomonadales, Thermi, Deinococci, Moraxellaceae, Rhodocyclales, Rhodocyclaceae, and Acinetobacter. The non-MPR-enriched gut microbiota included Pseudomonadales and the mitochondria family. The MPR-enriched gut microbiota included the Barnesiellaceae, Pyramidobacter, Dethiosulfovibrionaceae, Odoribacteraceae, Butyricimonas, Prevotella, Barnesiella, and Odoribacter. Patients with ≥3 grade adverse events (AEs) exhibited enrichment in the Succiniclasticum, Nakamurella, Rhizobium, Granulicella, Phyllobacteriaceae, Pelagibacteraceae, Actinosynnemataceae, Aquirestis, Flavisolibacter, Chelativorans, Coxiellaceae Acidicapsa, Acidobacteriaceae, Lentzea, Staphylococcus, Plesiomonas, Dysgonomonas, Pseudonocardia, and Ellin6075.
CONCLUSIONS
We found that the diversity of the gut microbiome declined after neoadjuvant PD-1 antibody immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and surgery. Patients with pCR had different types and proportions of gut microbiota before treatment compared to those without pCR. We also observed the difference between patients with or without ≥ grade 3 AEs. The taxonomic features of the gut microbiome are potential biomarkers that could predict the pathological response and AEs.
PubMed: 35433940
DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-1165 -
Environment International Aug 2022Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been reported to induce hepatotoxicity in wildlife and humans. Novel PFOS alternatives have been widely used following restrictions...
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been reported to induce hepatotoxicity in wildlife and humans. Novel PFOS alternatives have been widely used following restrictions on PFOS, but little is known about their potential toxicity. Here, the first comprehensive investigation on the chronic hepatotoxicity and underlying molecular mechanisms of PFOS, 6:2Cl-PFESA (F-53B), and sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) was carried out on adult zebrafish through a histopathological examination, biochemical measurement, and multi-omics analysis. PFOS and its alternatives caused changes in liver histopathology and liver function indices in the order of F-53B > PFOS > OBS, which was consistent with their concentration in the liver. In silico modeling and transcriptional profiles suggested that the aberrant hepatic lipid metabolism induced by F-53B and PFOS was initiated by the action on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), which triggered changes in downstream genes transcription and led to an imbalance between lipid synthesis and expenditure. Gut microbiome analysis provided another novel mechanistic perspective that changes in the abundance of Legionella, Ralstonia, Brevundimonas, Alphaproteobacteria, Plesiomonas, and Hyphomicrobium might link to alterations in the PPAR pathway based on their significant correlation. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by PFOS and its novel alternatives and highlights the need for concern about their environmental exposure risks.
PubMed: 35738203
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107351 -
PloS One 2013Plesiomonas shigelloides can cause gastroenteritis and extra-intestinal diseases in humans. However, the prevalence of P. shigelloides infections has not been...
BACKGROUND
Plesiomonas shigelloides can cause gastroenteritis and extra-intestinal diseases in humans. However, the prevalence of P. shigelloides infections has not been investigated in China.
METHODS
Consecutive fecal specimens from outpatients with acute diarrhea and non-diarrheal patients at nine sentinel hospitals in southeast China were collected from March 2010 to May 2012. Bacterial pathogens were detected by culture, and P. shigelloides isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. We also retrospectively reviewed the hospital microbiology laboratory and infection-control databases for all P. shigelloides isolates identified from 2001-2012 at our institution in addition to data on the patients' clinical and demographic characteristics.
RESULTS
A total of 3,536 outpatients with acute diarrhea were enrolled in the study. P. shigelloides was isolated from 104 (2.9%) patients and accounted for 7.3% of bacterial isolates. Single-pathogen infections with P. shigelloides were present in 76 (73.1%) patients. No strain of P. shigelloides was isolated from the 478 non-diarrheal patients. Based on 444,684 nonfecal specimens, eight patients developed P. shigelloides-related extra-intestinal infections over the 12-year period. All eight patients had underlying diseases, including four with biliary tract diseases and three with liver diseases. Six cases were classified as nosocomial, and five cases were polymicrobial. P. shigelloides was sensitive to most antimicrobial drugs, except ampicillin.
CONCLUSIONS
In southeast China, P. shigelloides has significant clinical relevance, although the isolation rate is low.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Diarrhea; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Plesiomonas; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 24223738
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077877 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2022Tamarindus indica is one of the tropical medicinal plants that has been attributed curative potential of numerous diseases by many rural dwellers. This study was...
Tamarindus indica is one of the tropical medicinal plants that has been attributed curative potential of numerous diseases by many rural dwellers. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial activities and also to determine the various chemical constituents responsible for its pharmacological activities. The methanol extract of Tamarindus indica fruit pulp was analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer to determine the volatile compounds present. The antioxidant activities were performed using DPPH and FRAP method and the antibacterial activity was tested against some common pathogens by macro broth dilution method. The GCMS analysis shows the presence of 37 compounds, out of which 14 had their peak area percentages ≥ 1% and only two compounds had no reported pharmacological activities. Most of the bioactive compounds including 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (31.06%)-3-O-Methyl-d-glucose (16.31%), 1,6-anhydro-β-D-Glucopyranose (9.95%), 5-methyl-Furancarboxaldehyde (3.2%), Triethylenediamine (1.17%), 1-(2-furanyl)-1-Propcanone (2.18%), Methyl 2-furoate (3.14%), Levoglucosenone (3.21%), methyl ester-Hepta-2,4-dienoic acid, (8.85%), 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydrox-4H-Pyran-4-one (3.4%), O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.3)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-Glucopyranoside (2.18%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (1.38%), 2-Heptanol, acetate (1.29%), 5-[(5-methyl-2-fur-2-Furancarboxaldehyde (1.08%), 3-Methyl-2-furoic acid (1.05%) and cis-Vaccenic acid (2.85%)have been reported with different activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, anticancer, antioxidant and other prophylactic activities. The extract demonstrated inhibitory potential against all tested pathogen. However, Plesiomonas shigellosis ATCC 15903 and Bacillus pumillus ATCC 14884 are more sensitive with the MIC of 0.22 and 0.44 mg/ml respectively. The antioxidant activity was relatively low due to the low phenolic content of the extract. This shows that there is a strong correlation between antioxidant activities and phenolic content. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents with various biological activities and this justifies the rationale behind its usage as a curative therapy by many local dwellers.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Methanol; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Tamarindus
PubMed: 35676439
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13716-x -
PeerJ 2019The gut microbiota plays an important role in host immunity and metabolic homeostasis. Although analyses of gut microbiotas have been used to assess host health and...
BACKGROUND
The gut microbiota plays an important role in host immunity and metabolic homeostasis. Although analyses of gut microbiotas have been used to assess host health and foster disease prevention and treatment, no comparative comprehensive study, assessing gut microbiotas among several species of farmed snake, is yet available. In this study, we characterized and compared the gut microbiotas of four species of farmed snakes (, , , and ) using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene in southern China and tested whether there was a relationship between gut microbiotal composition and host species.
RESULTS
A total of 629 operational taxonomic units across 22 samples were detected. The five most abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria, while the five most abundant genera were , , , , and . This was the first report of the dominance of Fusobacteria and in the snake gut. Our phylogenetic analysis recovered a relatively close relationship between Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Alpha diversity analysis indicated that species richness and diversity were highest in the gut microbiota of and lowest in that of . Significant differences in alpha diversity were detected among the four farmed snake species. The gut microbiotas of conspecifics were more similar to each other than to those of heterospecifics.
CONCLUSION
This study provides the first comparative study of gut microbiotas among several species of farmed snakes, and provides valuable data for the management of farmed snakes. In farmed snakes, host species affected the species composition and diversity of the gut microbiota.
PubMed: 30956901
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6658 -
Journal of Veterinary Research Dec 2017Ornamental fish can suffer from different bacterial diseases. Among them the most prevalent are infections caused by , and . But there is a broad spectrum of rarely...
INTRODUCTION
Ornamental fish can suffer from different bacterial diseases. Among them the most prevalent are infections caused by , and . But there is a broad spectrum of rarely identified bacteria which may be causative agents of diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the species of bacteria pathogenic for fish which are prevalent in aquariums.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Bacteria were isolated from infected ornamental fish from pet shops and private aquariums in the Lublin region in 2015 and classified to species using MALDI-TOF MS.
RESULTS
A total of 182 isolates from ornamental fish were identified. The most frequent bacteria found in diseased fish were (30.8% of total number of strains), (18.7%), (7.1%), (7.1%), s spp. (7.1%), (4.9%), and (3.3%).
CONCLUSION
Isolated bacterial species are facultative pathogens for fish and humans and may be isolated from fish without apparent symptoms of the disease.
PubMed: 29978108
DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0070 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023As a catadromous fish, Asian sea bass () juveniles migrate from seawater (SW) to freshwater (FW) for growth and development. During migration, they undergo physiological...
As a catadromous fish, Asian sea bass () juveniles migrate from seawater (SW) to freshwater (FW) for growth and development. During migration, they undergo physiological changes to acclimate to environmental salinity. Thus, it is crucial to understand how SW-to-FW migration affects the gut microbiota of catadromous fish. To the best of our knowledge, no study has revealed the effects of transfer to hypotonic environments on a catadromous fish microbiota. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of FW transfer on the microbiota and cytokine gene expression in the intestines of juvenile catadromous Asian sea bass. The relationship between the water and the gut microbiota of this euryhaline species was also examined. We found that FW transfer affected both mucosa- and digesta-associated microbiota of Asian sea bass. and were dominant in both the mucosa- and digesta-associated microbiota of FW-acclimated sea bass. The pathogenic genera , s, and were dominant in the SW group. Although dominant fish microbes were present in the water, fish had their own unique microbes. Vitamin B6 metabolism was highly expressed in the FW fish microbiota, whereas arginine, proline, and lipid metabolism were highly expressed in the SW fish microbiota. Additionally, the correlation between cytokine gene expression and microbiota was found to be affected by FW transfer. Taken together, our results demonstrated that FW transfer altered the composition and functions of mucosa- and digesta-associated microbiota of catadromous Asian sea bass intestines, which correlated with cytokine gene expression.
PubMed: 37089546
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1097954 -
Microorganisms Jul 2020Molecular signatures of strain specific to pathogenic and nonpathogenic variants are not well established till present. There is a need for intra-species barcoding of...
Molecular signatures of strain specific to pathogenic and nonpathogenic variants are not well established till present. There is a need for intra-species barcoding of to aid infection control. This study aims at characterizing and assessing intra-species diversity and abundance of isolated from three freshwaters in the Eastern Cape Province. The study used a Plesiomonas-specific PCR to characterize the isolates. Intra-species (dis)similarities were assessed using ERIC-PCR and (GTG)5-PCR techniques. The DNA fingerprints produced were electrophoresed, digitized, and documented via computer-assisted pattern analysis. The fingerprints were analyzed using neighbor-joining clustering (NJC) based on Euclidean similarity index. Results revealed 80%, 83.64%, and 80% of the water samples from Tyhume, Kat, and Kubusie rivers, respectively, positive for isolation. The prevalence of from sites ranged from 13.5% to 88.9%. NJC delineated 48 isolates to 8 clades (ERIC-fingerprints) and 34 isolates into 7 clades ((GTG)5-fingerprints). The relative abundance of unique strains ranged from 6.3% to 22.9% via the two methods. Both fingerprinting approaches have strain-differentiating potential for , however ERIC-PCR possessed higher resolution ( = 37.46) advantage over (GTG)5-PCR ( = 29.64). In conclusion, the study achieved intra-species diversity and abundance of from aquatic milieu and provide further opportunity for intra-species-specific barcoding.
PubMed: 32698489
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071081 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2023Poplar anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a common disease affecting poplars globally that causes the destruction and alteration of poplar...
Poplar anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a common disease affecting poplars globally that causes the destruction and alteration of poplar phyllosphere microbial communities; however, few studies have investigated these communities. Therefore, in this study, three species of poplar with different resistances were investigated to explore the effects of and poplar secondary metabolites on the composition of poplar phyllosphere microbial communities. Evaluation of the phyllosphere microbial communities before and after inoculation of the poplars with revealed that both bacterial and fungal OTUs decreased after inoculation. Among bacteria, the most abundant genera were , , Pseudomonas, , , Streptococcus, , and for all poplar species. Among fungi, the most abundant genera before inoculation were , Aspergillus, Fusarium, , and , while was the main genus after inoculation. The inoculation of pathogens may regulate the phyllosphere microorganisms by affecting the secondary metabolites of plants. We investigated metabolite contents in the phyllosphere before and after the inoculation of the three poplar species, as well as the effects of flavonoids, organic acids, coumarins, and indoles on poplar phyllosphere microbial communities. We speculated that coumarin had the greatest recruitment effect on phyllosphere microorganisms, followed by organic acids through regression analysis. Overall, our results provide a foundation for subsequent screening of antagonistic bacteria and fungi against poplar anthracnose and investigations of the mechanism by which poplar phyllosphere microorganisms are recruited. Our findings revealed that the inoculation of has a greater effect on the fungal community than the bacterial community. In addition, coumarins, organic acids, and flavonoids may have recruitment effects on phyllosphere microorganisms, while indoles may have inhibitory effects on these organisms. These findings may provide the theoretical basis for the prevention and control of poplar anthracnose.
Topics: Colletotrichum; Bacteria; Bacillus; Microbiota; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 37219434
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04603-22 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2017is a Gram-negative bacterium that is associated with diarrheal disease in humans. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main surface antigen and virulence factor of this...
is a Gram-negative bacterium that is associated with diarrheal disease in humans. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main surface antigen and virulence factor of this bacterium. The lipid A (LA) moiety of LPS is the main region recognized by target cells of immune system. Here, we evaluated the biological activities of LA for their abilities to induce the productions of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) by human and murine macrophages [THP-1 macrophages and immortalized murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (iBMDM)]. Four native LA preparations differing in their phosphoethanolamine (PEtn) substitution, length, number, and saturation of fatty acids were compared with O55 LA. The bisphosphorylated, hexaacylated, and asymmetric forms of the and LA molecules had similar activities in human and murine macrophages, indicating that shortening of the acyl chains in LA had no effect on its activities. The PEtn decoration also had no impact on the interaction with the toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 receptor complex. The heptaacylated form of LA decorated with 16:0 exhibited strong effect on proinflammatory activity, significantly decreasing the levels of all tested cytokines in both murine and human macrophages. Our results revealed that despite the presence of shorter acyl chains and an unsaturated acyl residue (16:1), the bisphosphorylated, hexaacylated, and asymmetric forms of LA represent highly immunostimulatory structures.
PubMed: 29321776
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01741