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The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2019Modeling the extremes of mental/emotional conditions requires explicit account of evolutionary-developmental sources of human neurodiversity, not merely psychopathology....
Modeling the extremes of mental/emotional conditions requires explicit account of evolutionary-developmental sources of human neurodiversity, not merely psychopathology. The target article's approach could be improved by incorporation of a hierarchical scheme wherein mental/emotional infrastructure interacts across differentiated layers of function. The notion "symptom networks" thus calls for differentiation into hierarchically interacting components of mental/emotional evolution and development.
Topics: Emotions; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychopathology
PubMed: 30853733
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X18001103 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Dec 2018Affective neuroscience is a promising young field in neuroscience for understanding the basis of many types of psychopathology. It describes the scientific investigation...
Affective neuroscience is a promising young field in neuroscience for understanding the basis of many types of psychopathology. It describes the scientific investigation of the neural basis of affect, emotion, and feelings. These phenomena arise from mental processes that are not always directly observable, which complicates discovering their neural basis. Nevertheless, as it has done for other inferred processes, such as memory and language, neuroscience should transform our emotion-based patient formulations and lead to novel, targeted therapeutics for emotional issues. In this Translations article, we aim to provide a brief introduction to affective neuroscience for clinicians, beginning with defining key terms and then reviewing clinical applications.
Topics: Affect; Brain; Humans; Mental Disorders; Neurosciences; Psychopathology
PubMed: 30522733
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.07.877 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Jun 2021Reward-associated objects receive preferential attention, reflecting a bias in information processing that develops automatically following associative learning.... (Review)
Review
Reward-associated objects receive preferential attention, reflecting a bias in information processing that develops automatically following associative learning. Mounting evidence suggests that such value-driven attention operates abnormally in certain psychopathologies, with attentional biases for reward-associated objects being either exaggerated or blunted compared to healthy controls. Here, I review the evidence linking value-driven attention to psychopathology, including drug addiction, depression, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), compulsivity, and impulsive and risky decision-making. I conclude by offering an integrative framework for conceptualizing the link between value-driven attention and psychopathology, along with suggestions for future research into this burgeoning area of investigation, including research on object attachment.
Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Attentional Bias; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Psychopathology; Reward
PubMed: 32818794
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.07.010 -
Psychopathology 2014
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Neurosciences; Philosophy; Psychiatry; Psychopathology
PubMed: 24217575
DOI: 10.1159/000356302 -
Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry Jun 2023Hallucinations are currently associated almost exclusively with psychopathological states. While it is evident that hallucinations can indicate psychopathology or...
Hallucinations are currently associated almost exclusively with psychopathological states. While it is evident that hallucinations can indicate psychopathology or neurological disorders, we should remember that hallucinations also commonly occur in people without any signs of psychopathology. A similar case occurs in the case of hallucinogenic drugs, which have been long associated with psychopathology and insanity. However, during the last decades a huge body of research has shown that certain kinds of hallucinations, exerted by hallucinogenic drugs, may serve to improve mental health. We propose that, in light of historical, epidemiological, and scientific research, hallucinations can be better characterized as a common phenomenon associated sometimes with psychopathology but also with functional and even beneficial outcomes. In the last sections of the manuscript, we extend our argument, suggesting that hallucinations can offer a via regia to knowledge of the mind and the world. This radical shift in the cultural interpretation of hallucinations could have several implications for fields such as drug policy, civil law, and psychiatry, as well as for the stigma associated with mental disorders.
Topics: Humans; Hallucinogens; Hallucinations; Psychopathology; Mental Disorders; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 36633720
DOI: 10.1007/s11013-022-09814-0 -
La Clinica Terapeutica 2017The cognitive disability associated with stress in patients presenting cancer disease may exert a significant impact on the psychological health of the individual and... (Review)
Review
The cognitive disability associated with stress in patients presenting cancer disease may exert a significant impact on the psychological health of the individual and even deteriorate the clinical diagnosis. The present study consists of a review of the available literature and an analysis of the association between psychopathologic disease and cancer by selecting useful contributions to the medicosocial discussion of the topic. Interesting considerations have emerged on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the association between psychopathology and cancer that initiated possibilities towards a greater accuracy in the assessment of the patient that is not only limited to oncologic problems and outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Psychopathology
PubMed: 28240763
DOI: 10.7417/CT.2017.1982 -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2021The prevalence of psychopathology did not decrease in prosperous countries, despite evidence-based treatment, focus on prevention and long prosperity. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of psychopathology did not decrease in prosperous countries, despite evidence-based treatment, focus on prevention and long prosperity.
AIM
To investigate if the eastern concept of self-compassion can help to decrease the prevalence of psychopathology.
METHOD
Literature review and interviews with experts.
RESULTS
Health is defined as a state of complete wellbeing. This seems like a maintainable goal in prosperous countries. Setbacks are, however, an unavoidable part of life and therefore resilience is important. Normalizing a state of complete wellbeing comes at the expense of resilience because it increases stress after setbacks. Stress is an important precursor to psychopathology because it leads to suffering and dysfunction. The concept of self-compassion and compassion in a broader sense, refer to the capacity to be mild when setbacks occur. (Self)-compassion helps to regulate stress and can therefore improve resilience and contribute to decrease the prevalence of psychopathology.
CONCLUSION
In prosperous countries, there is little attention to resilience. The concept of (self)-compassion can contribute to mental resilience and can help to decrease the prevalence of psychopathology. Therefore, it deserves a place in the diagnostics and treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Topics: Antidotes; Anxiety; Empathy; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychopathology; Resilience, Psychological; Self Concept
PubMed: 33913145
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychopathology 2022
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychopathology
PubMed: 35640547
DOI: 10.1159/000525084 -
Psychological Medicine Apr 2021Psychiatric disorders are studied at multiple levels, but there is no agreement on how these levels are related to each other, or how they should be understood in the... (Review)
Review
Psychiatric disorders are studied at multiple levels, but there is no agreement on how these levels are related to each other, or how they should be understood in the first place. In this paper, I provide an account of levels and their relationships that is suited for psychopathology, drawing from recent debates in philosophy of science. Instead of metaphysical issues, the focus is on delivering an understanding of levels that is relevant and useful for scientific practice. I also defend a pragmatic approach to the question of reduction, arguing that even in-principle reductionists should embrace pluralism in practice. Finally, I discuss the benefits and challenges in integrating explanations and models of different levels.
Topics: Heuristics; Humans; Mental Disorders; Philosophy; Psychopathology; Research
PubMed: 31549600
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291719002514 -
Child Psychiatry and Human Development Dec 2022Assessing stability and change of children's psychopathology symptoms can help elucidate whether specific behaviors are transient developmental variations or indicate...
Assessing stability and change of children's psychopathology symptoms can help elucidate whether specific behaviors are transient developmental variations or indicate persistent psychopathology. This study included 6930 children across early childhood (T1), late childhood (T2) and early adolescence (T3), from the general population. Latent profile analysis identified psychopathology subgroups and latent transition analysis quantified the probability that children remained within, or transitioned across psychopathology subgroups. We identified four psychopathology subgroups; no problems (T1: 85.9%, T2: 79.0%, T3: 78.0%), internalizing (T1: 5.1%, T2: 9.2%, T3: 9.0%), externalizing (T1: 7.3%, T2: 8.3%, T3: 10.2%) and the dysregulation profile (DP) (T1: 1.7%, T2: 3.5%, T3: 2.8%). From T1 to T2, 44.7% of the children remained in the DP. Between T2 and T3, 33.6% remained in the DP; however, 91.4% were classified in one of the psychopathology subgroups. Our findings suggest that for many children, internalizing or externalizing symptoms encompass a transient phase within development. Contrary, the DP resembles a severe at-risk state in which the predictive value for being in one of the psychopathology subgroups increases over time.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Behavior; Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Humans; Psychopathology
PubMed: 34184159
DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01212-8