-
Schizophrenia Bulletin Nov 2023Impaired social functioning is a major, but under-elucidated area of schizophrenia. It's typically understood as consequential to, eg, negative symptoms, but... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Impaired social functioning is a major, but under-elucidated area of schizophrenia. It's typically understood as consequential to, eg, negative symptoms, but meta-analyses on the subject have not examined psychopathology in a broader perspective and there's severe heterogeneity in outcome measures. To enhance functional recovery from schizophrenia, a more comprehensive understanding of the nature of social functioning in schizophrenia is needed.
STUDY DESIGN
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, PsycInfo, and Ovid Embase for studies providing an association between psychopathology and social functioning. Meta-analyses of the regression and correlation coefficients were performed to explore associations between social functioning and psychopathology, as well as associations between their subdomains.
STUDY RESULTS
Thirty-six studies with a total of 4742 patients were included. Overall social functioning was associated with overall psychopathology (95% CI [-0.63; -0.37]), positive symptoms (95% CI [-0.39; -0.25]), negative symptoms (95% CI [-0.61; -0.42]), disorganized symptoms (95% CI [-0.54; -0.14]), depressive symptoms (95% CI [-0.33; -0.11]), and general psychopathology (95% CI [-0.60; -0.43]). There was significant heterogeneity in the results, with I2 ranging from 52% to 92%.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively examine associations between psychopathology and social functioning. The finding that all psychopathological subdomains seem to correlate with social functioning challenges the view that impaired social functioning in schizophrenia is mainly a result of negative symptoms. In line with classical psychopathological literature on schizophrenia, it may be more appropriate to consider impaired social functioning as a manifestation of the disorder itself.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Social Interaction; Social Adjustment; Psychopathology; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 37260350
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad075 -
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Sep 2018A crisis of confidence was triggered by the disappointment that diagnostic validity, an important goal, was not achieved with the publication of . The Research Domain... (Review)
Review
A crisis of confidence was triggered by the disappointment that diagnostic validity, an important goal, was not achieved with the publication of . The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project, which provides a framework for neuroscientific research, was initially conceptualized as an alternative to . However, RDoC and are complementary rather than mutually exclusive. From a historical perspective, this article argues that the debate opposing psychology and brain in psychiatric classification is not new and has an air of déjà vu. We go back to the first classifications based on a scientific taxonomy in the late 18th century with Boissier de Sauvages, which were supposed to describe diseases as they really existed in nature. Emil Kraepelin successfully associated psychopathology and brain research, prefiguring the interaction between and RDoC. DSM symptoms remain valuable because they are the only data that are immediately and directly observable. Computational science is a promising instrument to interconnect psychopathological and neuroscientific data in the future.
Topics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Mental Disorders; Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychopathology
PubMed: 30581284
DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2018.20.3/macrocq -
Current Opinion in Psychology Apr 2022Adolescence is a period of dynamic change across multiple systems. Concurrent maturation of neural, biological, and psychosocial functioning renders adolescence a time... (Review)
Review
Adolescence is a period of dynamic change across multiple systems. Concurrent maturation of neural, biological, and psychosocial functioning renders adolescence a time of heightened sensitivity to both negative and positive experiences. Here, we review recent literature across these domains, discuss risk and opportunity in the context of ongoing neural development, and highlight promising directions for future research. Finally, we propose that conceptualizing adolescence as a sensitive window during which plasticity across multiple systems is enhanced may support the identification of links between experience, neurodevelopment, and psychopathology.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Psychopathology
PubMed: 34818623
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.10.005 -
Behavioral and Brain Functions : BBF Mar 2019The use of animals in neurosciences has a long history. It is considered indispensable in areas in which "translational" research is deemed invaluable, such as... (Review)
Review
The use of animals in neurosciences has a long history. It is considered indispensable in areas in which "translational" research is deemed invaluable, such as behavioral pharmacology and comparative psychology. Animal models are being used in pharmacology and genetics to screen for treatment targets, and in the field of experimental psychopathology to understand the neurobehavioral underpinnings of a disorder and of its putative treatment. The centrality of behavioral models betrays the complexity of the epistemic and semantic considerations which are needed to understand what a model is. In this review, such considerations are made, and the breadth of model building and evaluation approaches is extended to include theoretical considerations on the etiology of mental disorders. This expansion is expected to help improve the validity of behavioral models and to increase their translational value. Moreover, the role of theory in improving construct validity creates the need for behavioral scientists to fully engage this process.
Topics: Animals; Biological Variation, Population; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Knowledge; Mental Disorders; Psychopathology; Semantics; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 30823933
DOI: 10.1186/s12993-019-0152-4 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Jan 2021In current review, we evaluate the current literature examining the role of disgust in eating disorders (EDs), and provide a theoretical model designed to inform the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
In current review, we evaluate the current literature examining the role of disgust in eating disorders (EDs), and provide a theoretical model designed to inform the study and treatment of disgust-based symptoms in EDs.
RECENT FINDINGS
Findings from this review suggest that aberrant disgust-conditioning processes represent promising but understudied mechanisms that may contribute to the risk and maintenance of core eating disorder (ED) psychopathology. In addition, preliminary evidence supports the use of interventions designed to target aversive disgust cues and disrupt maladaptive disgust-based conditioning that may maintain eating pathology. However, experimental studies designed to elucidate the role of disgust and aversive learning processes remain limited. Disgust is a promising risk and maintenance factor in EDs. Future systematic investigation is needed to examine disgust-based processes at a mechanistic level in order to better understand the links between disgust, avoidance behaviors, and EDs. Further investigation of the mechanistic role of disgust in EDs is warranted.
Topics: Affect; Avoidance Learning; Disgust; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Psychopathology
PubMed: 33404776
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-020-01217-5 -
Biological Psychiatry Jul 2020The widely acknowledged homogeneity assumption limits progress in refining clinical diagnosis, understanding mechanisms, and developing new treatments for mental health... (Review)
Review
The widely acknowledged homogeneity assumption limits progress in refining clinical diagnosis, understanding mechanisms, and developing new treatments for mental health disorders. This homogeneity assumption drives both a comorbidity and a heterogeneity problem, where two different approaches tackle the problems. One, a unifying approach, tackles the comorbidity problem by assuming that a single general psychopathology factor underlies multiple disorders. Another, a multifactorial approach, tackles the heterogeneity problem by assuming that disorders comprise multiple subtypes driven by multiple discrete factors. We show how each of these approaches can make useful contributions to mental health-related research and clinical practice. For example, the unifying approach can develop a rapid assessment tool that may be clinically valuable for triaging cases. The multifactorial approach can reveal subtypes that are differentially responsive to treatments and highlight distinct mechanisms leading to similar phenotypes. Because both approaches tackle different problems, both have different limitations. We describe the statistical frameworks that incorporate and adjudicate between both approaches (e.g., the bifactor model, normative modeling, and the functional random forest). Such frameworks can identify whether sets of disorders are more affected by heterogeneity or comorbidity. Therefore, future studies that incorporate such frameworks can provide further insight into the nature of psychopathology.
Topics: Comorbidity; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Psychopathology
PubMed: 32386742
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.015 -
Biological Psychology Mar 2013
Topics: Attention; Emotions; Humans; Psychopathology
PubMed: 23146939
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.11.001 -
Translational Psychiatry Aug 2022It has been widely demonstrated that time processing is altered in patients with schizophrenia. This perspective review delves into such temporal deficit and highlights... (Review)
Review
It has been widely demonstrated that time processing is altered in patients with schizophrenia. This perspective review delves into such temporal deficit and highlights its link to low-level sensory alterations, which are often overlooked in rehabilitation protocols for psychosis. However, if temporal impairment at the sensory level is inherent to the disease, new interventions should focus on this dimension. Beyond more traditional types of intervention, here we review the most recent digital technologies for rehabilitation and the most promising ones for sensory training. The overall aim is to synthesise existing literature on time in schizophrenia linking psychopathology, psychophysics, and technology to help future developments.
Topics: Humans; Psychopathology; Psychophysics; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Technology
PubMed: 35961974
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02101-x -
Depression and Anxiety Jun 2022The association between adversity and psychopathology in adolescents and adults is characterized by equifinality. These associations, however, have not been assessed...
BACKGROUND
The association between adversity and psychopathology in adolescents and adults is characterized by equifinality. These associations, however, have not been assessed during early childhood when psychopathology first emerges. Defining adversity using both dimensional and cumulative risk approaches, we examined whether specific types of adversity are differentially associated with psychopathology in preschool-aged children.
METHODS
Measures of threat, deprivation, and total adversities (i.e., cumulative risk) were calculated based on parent-reported information for 755 2- to 5-year old children recruited from pediatric primary care clinics. Logistic regression was used to estimate cross-sectional associations between type of adversity and anxiety, depression, ADHD, and behavioral disorder diagnoses.
RESULTS
Threat and cumulative risk exhibited independent associations with psychopathology. Threat was strongly related to behavioral disorders. Cumulative risk was consistently related to all psychopathologies.
CONCLUSIONS
Using mutually adjusted models, we identified differential associations between threat and psychopathology outcomes in preschool-aged children. This selectivity may reflect different pathways through which adversity increases the risk for psychopathology during this developmentally important period. As has been observed at other ages, a cumulative risk approach also effectively identified the cumulative impact of all forms of adversity on most forms of psychopathology during early childhood.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Child; Child Abuse; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychopathology
PubMed: 35593083
DOI: 10.1002/da.23269 -
Psychopathology 2018Despite the development and widespread diffusion of modern nosographic systems, the diagnosis of schizophrenia continues to raise several epistemological issues. To... (Review)
Review
Despite the development and widespread diffusion of modern nosographic systems, the diagnosis of schizophrenia continues to raise several epistemological issues. To address these issues, a number of researchers are currently pursuing the possibility of an integration between reliable, objective approaches and the intersubjective perspective in the clinical encounter. In the present article, we discuss Rümke's popular concept of praecox feeling, as introduced in 1941 and re-elaborated over the following 20 years. Our aim was to thoroughly analyze the author's original formulation and to identify the connections between his thinking and certain psychopathological developments, epistemological issues, and research perspectives on schizophrenia. The praecox feeling is presented by Rümke as a sensitive diagnostic tool for schizophrenia that is rooted in the peculiar subjective experience of the clinician when encountering a schizophrenic patient. This experience seems to be characterized by two essential dimensions: a subjective one, which reflects the failure of a clinician's empathic effort due to a fundamental alteration of the intersubjective space, a phenomenon related to schizophrenic autism, and a gestaltic, objective one, which is grounded in the clinician's implicit typifying process as a consequence of collecting recurrent clinical observations over the course of his/her professional experience. According to Rümke, the diagnostic use of the praecox feeling should be limited to the acute phases of the schizophrenic process, as the clinician's experience of an intersubjective struggle is attenuated in interactions with older, chronic patients. The multifaceted nature of Rümke's proposal seems to have contributed to some theoretical critiques and to inconclusive results from empirical investigations, leading to a progressive devaluation of the scientific and diagnostic validity of praecox feeling. The present analysis of the original concept suggests that a renewed research interest in the role of the clinician's subjective experience with regard to the schizophrenic patient could be helpful.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Psychopathology; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 30380532
DOI: 10.1159/000494088