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Research in Developmental Disabilities Jul 2022Social support is a protective factor for siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Social support is a protective factor for siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
AIMS
We reviewed studies on social support received by siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
We conducted a pre-registered systematic review (CRD42020207686), searching PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus.
OUTCOMES AND RESULTS
Fifteen articles were eligible for the review, 13 of which used cross-sectional designs. Two studies investigated sibling social support after an intervention. Multiple variables were negatively related to social support (e.g., sibling depression, loneliness, stress). Variables that were positively related to social support included prosocial behavior, competence (academic, social, and activity-related), problem-focused coping, and family quality of life. Potential moderators of the relationship between social support and psychosocial adjustment included the type of disorder of the affected sibling and the type of social support provider. We conclude with an overview of the reliability and validity of the seven social support measurements used across the studies.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Lower levels of social support are associated with more negative psychosocial adjustment among siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. We encourage future researchers to further investigate ways to increase social support for siblings to improve outcomes.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Quality of Life; Reproducibility of Results; Siblings; Social Support
PubMed: 35468570
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104234 -
Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf... Jan 2020While sibling relationships are known to be important for children's social and emotional well-being, little is known about sibling relationships when both siblings are...
While sibling relationships are known to be important for children's social and emotional well-being, little is known about sibling relationships when both siblings are deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH). In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 young DHH adults (20-30 years old) who had studied in mainstream schools to explore their retrospective experiences of growing up with a DHH sibling. Interviews were analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Findings revealed two superordinate themes: (1) sibling relationship and sense of self and (2) family coping and relationships, with each superordinate theme containing several subthemes. Findings highlighted the various ways sibling relationships contribute to siblings' psychological development, identity formation, and coping with deafness. Potential challenges were identifed, as well as the role of parents' attitudes and coping with hearing loss in promoting supportive sibling relationships. Parents and professionals should be aware of the valuable and unique aspects of DHH siblingship and attend to imporatnt relationship asepcts such as sibling communication, sibling comparisons, and parental differential treatment.
Topics: Adult; Attitude to Health; Deafness; Family; Female; Hearing Loss; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Parents; Self Concept; Siblings; Social Support; Young Adult
PubMed: 31875906
DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enz038 -
Journal of Child Health Care : For... Jun 2020Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect. Little is known of the impact of having a sibling with CHD. Available literature documents negative... (Review)
Review
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect. Little is known of the impact of having a sibling with CHD. Available literature documents negative impact of having a sibling with other chronic conditions. This literature review considers empirical evidence investigating the impact of having a sibling with CHD. Twelve databases were searched, and 202 articles retrieved. Eleven articles met the inclusion criteria and were subject to data extraction, quality appraisal, and narrative synthesis. Three themes emerged: changes in normal life, impact on siblings, and factors affecting the extent of impact on siblings. Only one intervention study was identified, 5 of 10 studies were conducted over 20 years ago, and only 4 studies included children as participants. Evidence suggests siblings of children with CHD experience adverse life changes which lead to negative impacts in several domains. Evidence is inconclusive regarding mitigating factors of these impacts. Further research is needed to understand the experiences of being a sibling of a child with CHD.
Topics: Child; Health Impact Assessment; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Siblings
PubMed: 32216565
DOI: 10.1177/1367493520914738 -
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Jun 2023To derive general formulas for calculating commonly used kinship index (KI).
OBJECTIVES
To derive general formulas for calculating commonly used kinship index (KI).
METHODS
By introducing the Kronecker symbol, the formulas used to calculate the same KI under different genotype combinations were summarized into a unified expression.
RESULTS
The general formulas were successfully derived for KI in various case situations, including the paternity index, full sibling index, half sibling index, avuncular index, grandpaternity index, first-cousin index, and second-cousin index between two individuals without or with the mother being involved; grandpaternity index between grandparents and a grandchild without or with the mother being involved; half sibling index between two children with two mothers being involved; full sibling index among three children; and half sibling index among three children with no, one, or two mothers being involved.
CONCLUSIONS
The general formulas given in this study simplify the calculation of KIs and facilitate fast and accurate calculation through programming.
Topics: Female; Child; Humans; Paternity; Siblings; Genotype; Mothers; Models, Genetic
PubMed: 37517016
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.530104 -
Journal of Autism and Developmental... Nov 2021We tested a novel methodological approach to examine associations between characteristics of autistic children and outcomes for siblings. Cluster analysis was used to...
We tested a novel methodological approach to examine associations between characteristics of autistic children and outcomes for siblings. Cluster analysis was used to define five groups of children with autism (n = 168) based on autism symptoms, adaptive behavior, pro-social behavior, and behavior problems. Primary and secondary parent carers, and siblings themselves, reported on sibling relationship quality and psychological adjustment. Siblings of autistic children with a mild symptom profile, high levels of adaptive skills, but high internalizing and externalizing problems had the highest level of these problems themselves and more conflict in their relationship. Siblings of autistic children with the most complex support needs (adaptive skills deficits, severe autism symptoms) reported lower warmth relationships but not elevated internalizing and externalizing problems.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Child; Humans; Sibling Relations; Siblings
PubMed: 33442858
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04854-0 -
Cancer Medicine May 2018Little is known about the impact of cancer on family relationships from the perspective of the pediatric cancer patient and their sibling(s). This study assessed and...
Little is known about the impact of cancer on family relationships from the perspective of the pediatric cancer patient and their sibling(s). This study assessed and compared children's experiences of family relationships in patients receiving active cancer therapy, those who have completed therapy, and siblings. A cross-sectional study of children with cancer and their siblings aged 8-17 years old was conducted. Children completed the PROMIS Pediatric Family Relationships short form and the Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety, and Peer Relationships short forms. The Mann-Whitney test assessed differences in Family Relationships scores between therapy groups, while the Wilcoxon signed-rank test assessed differences between patients and siblings. An actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) was used to assess how patient and sibling variables were associated with their own and each others' family relationships. Two hundred and sixty-five children completed the assessments. Siblings of patients on-therapy had worse family relationships than patients on-therapy (P = 0.015). Family relationships of patients off-therapy did not differ from their siblings or the patients on-therapy. Family relationships scores did not differ between the sibling cohorts. The APIM found patient family relationships were impaired when their own peer relationships decreased and when either their own or their siblings had increased depressive symptoms. Sibling family relationships were impaired when their own depression increased, and when the patient counterpart was female, younger age, had less depressive symptoms, more anxiety or a diagnosis of leukemia/lymphoma (compared to solid tumor). Based on these findings, increased psychosocial resources for patients and siblings of children undergoing cancer therapy may be warranted.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Family Relations; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Sibling Relations; Siblings
PubMed: 29577633
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1393 -
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and... 2017To examine the effectiveness of sibling preparation classes to facilitate the adjustment of a firstborn child to the birth of a sibling.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effectiveness of sibling preparation classes to facilitate the adjustment of a firstborn child to the birth of a sibling.
DESIGN
Longitudinal study with five measurement occasions: third trimester of the mother's pregnancy and 1, 4, 8, and 12 months after the sibling's birth.
SETTING
Communities in southeastern Michigan.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 241 families, including mothers, fathers, and firstborn children.
METHODS
Mothers and fathers completed questionnaires to assess changes in children's adjustment. Parents were also asked about their children's attendance at a sibling preparation class focused specifically on preparation for the newborn. Effects of attendance were tested using linear mixed models.
RESULTS
Other than avoidance of the infant, children who attended sibling preparation classes did not differ from children who did not attend.
CONCLUSION
Sibling preparation classes for adjustment after the birth of an infant sibling had few effects on participants.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Child; Child Behavior; Female; Health Education; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Michigan; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Parents; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Sibling Relations; Siblings
PubMed: 28528809
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2017.03.005 -
Ecology Jan 2023Dispersal has far-reaching implications for individuals, populations, and communities, especially in sessile organisms. Escaping competition with conspecifics and with...
Dispersal has far-reaching implications for individuals, populations, and communities, especially in sessile organisms. Escaping competition with conspecifics and with kin are theorized to be key factors leading to dispersal as an adaptation. However, manipulative approaches in systems in which adults are sessile but offspring have behaviors is required for a more complete understanding of how competition affects dispersal. Here, we integrate a series of experiments to study how dispersal affects the density and relatedness of neighbors, and how the density and relatedness of neighbors in turn affects fitness. In a marine bryozoan, we empirically estimated dispersal kernels and found that most larvae settled within ~1 m of the maternal colony, although some could potentially travel at least 10s of meters. Larvae neither actively preferred or avoided conspecifics or kin at settlement. We experimentally determined the effects of spreading sibling larvae by manipulating the density and relatedness of settlers and measuring components of fitness in the field. We found that settler density reduced maternal fitness when settler neighbors were siblings compared with when neighbors were unrelated or absent. Genetic markers also identified very few half sibs (and no full sibs) in adults from the natural population, and rarely close enough to directly interact. In this system, dispersal occurs over short distances (meters) yet, in contrast with expectations, there appears to be limited kinship between adult neighbors. Our results suggest that the limited dispersal increases early offspring mortality when siblings settle next to each other, rather than next to unrelated conspecifics, potentially reducing kinship in adult populations. High offspring production and multiple paternity could further dilute kinship at settlement and reduce selection for dispersal beyond the scale of 10s of meters.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Larva; Siblings
PubMed: 36059232
DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3858 -
Journal of Child Health Care : For... Dec 2022Sibling relationships are one of the most long-lasting and influential relationships in a human's life. Living with a child who has a life-threatening condition changes... (Review)
Review
Sibling relationships are one of the most long-lasting and influential relationships in a human's life. Living with a child who has a life-threatening condition changes healthy siblings' experience. This scoping review summarized and mapped research examining healthy siblings' experience of living with a child with a life-threatening condition to identify knowledge gaps and provide direction for future research. Studies were identified through five electronic databases. Of the 34 included studies, 17 used qualitative methods, four gathered data longitudinally and 24 focused on children with cancer. Four broad themes of sibling experience were identified across studies: family functioning, psychological well-being, social well-being, and coping. Siblings experienced challenges and difficulties over the course of the child's illness. Future research should incorporate longitudinal designs to better understand the trajectory of siblings' experiences and focus on a wider variety of life-threatening conditions.
Topics: Child; Humans; Siblings; Self Report; Adaptation, Psychological; Family; Family Health
PubMed: 34116616
DOI: 10.1177/13674935211026113 -
Journal of Autism and Developmental... Jul 2018Using data from a prospective population based study, the prevalence and psychopathological correlates of sibling bullying in children with and without autism spectrum...
Using data from a prospective population based study, the prevalence and psychopathological correlates of sibling bullying in children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were estimated. There were 475 children with ASD and 13,702 children without ASD aged 11 years. Children with ASD were more likely to be bullied by their siblings compared to those without ASD. They were also more likely than those without ASD to both bully and be bullied by their siblings, which was associated with lower prosocial skills as well as more internalizing and externalizing problems compared to those not involved in any sibling bullying. Interventions to improve social and emotional outcomes in children with ASD should focus on both the affected and the unaffected sibling.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Bullying; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Siblings
PubMed: 29423609
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3484-2