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Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) Jun 2013This review presents the state of the art in the diagnosis and management of status epilepticus. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review presents the state of the art in the diagnosis and management of status epilepticus.
RECENT FINDINGS
In addition to general background, this article presents the most recent findings regarding the diagnosis and treatment of status epilepticus, including the results of the Rapid Anticonvulsant Medication Prior to Arrival Trial (RAMPART) and the available data on the use of newer antiepileptic and anesthetic drugs in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus. It also presents available guidelines such as those from the Neurocritical Care Society.
SUMMARY
Despite recent advances, the management of status epilepticus remains a challenge. Rapid treatment, a written treatment protocol, early consideration of nonconvulsive seizures, and avoiding overtreatment and medical complications are the keys to successful management. This article summarizes the current evidence and guidelines.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Status Epilepticus; Young Adult
PubMed: 23739110
DOI: 10.1212/01.CON.0000431395.16229.5a -
Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 2023Philosophical accounts of status understand it either pejoratively, as social rank, or laudatorily, as the dignity possessed by all in virtue of our shared humanity....
Philosophical accounts of status understand it either pejoratively, as social rank, or laudatorily, as the dignity possessed by all in virtue of our shared humanity. Status is considered to be something either we all have or no one should have. This article aims to show that there is a third, neglected, sense of status. It refers to the moral rights and duties one holds in virtue of one's social position or role. Employees, refugees, doctors, teachers and judges all hold social roles in virtue of which they have distinctive obligations, rights, privileges, powers and the like. This article aims to do two things: first, to distinguish the role-based notion of status from ideas of social rank, and to identify the various ways in which it constitutes a distinct category of moral wrongdoing; and second, to show that status, thus understood, is justified on egalitarian grounds even though, unlike dignity, not everyone has it. The moral point of status, I argue, is to regulate asymmetrical relations in which one of the parties suffers from background vulnerabilities and dependencies. Status as a moral idea vests both parties with a complex set of rights and duties, whose aim is to restore moral equality between the parties.
PubMed: 37287900
DOI: 10.1093/ojls/gqac033 -
Evolutionary Psychology : An... Oct 2021Hierarchies naturally emerge in social species, and judgments of status in these hierarchies have consequences for social relationships and health. Although judgments of...
Hierarchies naturally emerge in social species, and judgments of status in these hierarchies have consequences for social relationships and health. Although judgments of social status are shaped by appearance, the physical cues that inform judgments of status remain unclear. The transition to college presents an opportunity to examine judgments of social status in a newly developing social hierarchy. We examined whether appearances-as measured by raters' judgments of photographs and videos-provide information about undergraduate students' social status at their university and in society in Study 1. Exploratory analyses investigated whether associations differed by participants' sex. Eighty-one first-year undergraduate students ( 18.20, = 0.50; 64.2% female) provided photographs and videos and reported their social status relative to university peers and relative to other people in society. As hypothesized, when participants were judged to be more attractive and dominant they were also judged to have higher status. These associations were replicated in two additional samples of raters who evaluated smiling and neutral photographs from the Chicago Faces Database in Study 2. Multilevel models also revealed that college students with higher self-reported university social status were judged to have higher status, attractiveness, and dominance, although judgments were not related to self-reported society social status. Findings highlight that there is agreement between self-reports of university status and observer-perceptions of status based solely on photographs and videos, and suggest that appearance may shape newly developing social hierarchies, such as those that emerge during the transition to college.
Topics: Adolescent; Cues; Female; Hierarchy, Social; Humans; Judgment; Male; Social Status; Students
PubMed: 34870477
DOI: 10.1177/14747049211056160 -
Seizure Feb 2020Epidemiological studies across medical conditions share many similar difficulties relating, for instance, to selection bias, defining a population frame, statistical... (Review)
Review
Epidemiological studies across medical conditions share many similar difficulties relating, for instance, to selection bias, defining a population frame, statistical power and adequate documentation. However, in the case of status epilepticus there are, in addition to these, a variety of specific issues that pose significant hurdles to accurate investigation - not least defining status epilepticus itself and determining whether it is simply a severe manifestation of epilepsy or should be considered a distinct entity in its own right. In this paper, we present a historical overview of how opinions about status epilepticus have changed with time, outline some of the issues unique to the study of status epilepticus and provide personal perspectives on certain controversies within this important area of epileptology. This article focuses on adult status epilepticus as paediatric status epilepticus has been covered in a separate Seizure special edition. With a focus on status epilepticus in adults, we review salient population based studies, exploring their advantages and limitations. While it can be difficult to draw conclusions from these studies, it does seem that status epilepticus is more common in African-Americans, males and in either young children or older adults. Given demographic changes resulting in an ageing population, the incidence of status epilepticus is therefore likely to rise. We illustrate how the majority of work performed to date has been in convulsive status epilepticus and demonstrate that more needs to be done to better understand nonconvulsive status epilepticus as well as to further refine the boundaries of status epilepticus as a whole. Despite status epilepticus being common and associated with significant morbidity, our knowledge of the true epidemiology of this condition remains far from complete.
Topics: Age Factors; Humans; Sex Factors; Status Epilepticus
PubMed: 31786006
DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.10.003 -
BMC Nutrition Dec 2021The nutritional and immunization status of children can play an important role in determining their future health status of a particular country. The aim of the present...
BACKGROUND
The nutritional and immunization status of children can play an important role in determining their future health status of a particular country. The aim of the present study is to investigate the nutritional and immunization status of under-five children in India and Bangladesh, and to find the difference in the status between these two countries.
METHODS
We have used the National Family Health Survey data, 2015-2016 of India and Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey, 2017-2018 datasets. The sample sizes are 222,418, among them 8759 and 8759 children for India and Bangladesh respectively. The nutritional status of under-five children is measured by standard anthropometric indicators of height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ). Regarding child immunization status, only BCG, DPT, polio and measles vaccinations are considered for the present study. Multiple binary logistic model has been used for analysing the data.
RESULTS
This study reveals that the prevalence of stunting and underweight of under-five children in India are higher than Bangladeshi children. Secondary and higher educated mothers are more likely of having normal HAZ and WAZ children than up to primary educated mothers for both countries. Chances of having normal HAZ and WAZ are higher among non-poor category for both countries. The present study also shows that immunization status of Bangladeshi children is better than Indian children except measles. Religion of mother also shows influence on immunization status of children in India whereas Bangladesh shows no significant results regarding religion. Mother's educational attainment and wealth index show influence on immunization status among children for both countries.
CONCLUSIONS
The study concludes that a remarkable number of under-five children are suffering from under nutrition for both countries, however Bangladeshi children have better nutritional and immunization status compared to Indian children. Higher wealth index, better educational attainment and lower unemployment of Bangladeshi mothers may be the causes for better nutritional and immunization status of children. Mother's socio-economic factors have significant impact on determining the child's health status. Our findings can help to government of Indian and Bangladesh for taking health policy to improve under-five children nutritional and immunization status.
PubMed: 34852848
DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00484-6 -
Gerodontology Dec 2022To clarify the associations among oral status, nutritional status and physical status in Japanese independent older adults.
OBJECTIVES
To clarify the associations among oral status, nutritional status and physical status in Japanese independent older adults.
BACKGROUND
It is important to focus on factors affecting physical status associated with life dysfunction, long-term care and mortality. However, there are very few reports of the associations among oral status, nutritional status and physical status.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients who visited the Preventive Dentistry Clinic at Okayama University Hospital from November 2017 to January 2019 participated in this cross-sectional study. Number of teeth, periodontal condition and oral function were recorded. Bacteria counts in tongue dorsum, oral wettability, tongue pressure, tongue and lip movement function [oral diadochokinesis (ODK)], masticatory ability, bite force and swallowing function were measured. Nutritional status was assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Physical frailty status and Elderly Status Assessment Set were also evaluated. These variables were analysed by structural equation modelling (SEM).
RESULTS
Data from 203 patients were analysed (63 males and 140 females). Patients ranged in age from 60 to 93 years. The final model of the path diagram was completed by SEM. ODK was positively associated with nutritional status, and nutritional status was negatively associated with frailty. Age was associated with ODK, nutritional status and frailty.
CONCLUSION
Based on the associations among age, ODK, nutritional status and frailty, maintaining tongue movement function may contribute to good nutritional status and physical status in Japanese independent older adults.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Nutritional Status; Frailty; Cross-Sectional Studies; Tongue; Pressure; Japan; Independent Living
PubMed: 34599786
DOI: 10.1111/ger.12593 -
International Journal of Clinical and... 2015According to the newest version of NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), increasing attentions are paid to the role of nodal status... (Review)
Review
According to the newest version of NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), increasing attentions are paid to the role of nodal status and other high-risk factors, including vascular invasion, wedge resection, tumors > 4 cm, visceral pleural involvement, and incomplete lymph node sampling in the individual clinical treatment. Precise definitions of T status and N status, closely associated with prognosis and treatment, are worth expanding further. However, complexity arises because no unity definition exists regarding individual T and N descriptors. In an attempt to explore the potential prognostic values of the T status and N status, we systematically review relevant literature and found that there still remained some disputes about the definitions and prognosis. The adjacent lobe invasion regarded as T2 or T3 has not been reached consensus yet so far. Lymph node spread patterns are associated with the treatment strategies of NSCLC. This review mainly focus on the role of T status and N status and tried to seek appropriate and individual treatment strategies in NSCLC.
PubMed: 26380004
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Psychology Jun 2020We review recent work on human neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to stable and unstable status. We describe experiments examining inter-personal and... (Review)
Review
We review recent work on human neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to stable and unstable status. We describe experiments examining inter-personal and inter-group contexts, involving both experimentally created as well as naturalistic (gender, SES) status differences. Across studies the pattern of results is clear: Stable status differences are stressful for those low in status, which is evident from increased cortisol and a cardiovascular response-pattern indicative of threat (low cardiac output, high vascular resistance); however, when status differences are unstable the same effects are found among those high in status, while those low in status show challenge (low vascular resistance, high cardiac output). Potential status-loss also leads to increased testosterone. We discuss implications and suggestions for further research.
Topics: Cardiovascular System; Female; Hierarchy, Social; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Neurosecretory Systems; Social Class; Stress, Psychological; Testosterone
PubMed: 31430711
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.07.035 -
Seizure Feb 2020
Topics: Humans; Status Epilepticus
PubMed: 31866102
DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.12.004 -
Community Dental Health Feb 2021While social status and health have been investigated, there is less focus on the effects of objective and subjective social status and psychosocial factors. This study...
OBJECTIVE
While social status and health have been investigated, there is less focus on the effects of objective and subjective social status and psychosocial factors. This study aimed to investigate oral health impacts by subjective social status (SSS) and psychosocial predictors stratified by subjective social status.
METHODS
A random cross-sectional sample of 45-54-year old South Australians was surveyed in 2004-05. Oral health impact was assessed using OHIP-14. Socio-economic status was determined using objective (income) and subjective (McArthur scale) measures. Psychosocial variables comprised social support, health self-efficacy, coping and affectivity.
RESULTS
Responses were collected from 986 persons (response rate=44.4%). Lower SSS was more frequently observed in the low (70.2%) than high-income group (28.5%). Lower SSS was associated (p⟨0.05) with lower education, social support, health competence, and coping, but higher negative affect within income groups. The interaction of SSS and income showed OHIP was consistently lower at high SSS regardless of higher or lower income, but at low SSS, OHIP was higher (p⟨0.05) in the lower than higher income group.
CONCLUSIONS
SSS was associated with income. Their interaction indicated low SSS in combination with low income was associated with higher oral health impacts.
Topics: Australia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Status; Humans; Middle Aged; Oral Health; Psychological Distance; Social Class
PubMed: 33146471
DOI: 10.1922/CDH_00100-2020Brennan05