-
Social Development (Oxford, England) Aug 2022Although many emerging adults struggle to gain status and develop social relationships, particularly during the college transition, it remains unclear whether certain...
Although many emerging adults struggle to gain status and develop social relationships, particularly during the college transition, it remains unclear whether certain personality traits facilitate this transition. Using a longitudinal design, we investigated whether status-related traits-namely, entitlement, intrasexual competitiveness, and dominance-related to the development of status in 91 first-year college students ( =18.15, =0.44) transitioning to a novel college environment. We also examined whether personality traits moderated the degree to which status related to loneliness. As hypothesized, only students high in intrasexual competitiveness experienced increases in subjective dorm status across the year. In addition, students exhibiting average or low entitlement experienced decreases in loneliness over time, whereas high entitlement was related to consistently low loneliness. Finally, higher subjective dorm status was related to lower loneliness only for less dominant students, as assessed by both self-ratings of trait dominance and raters' judgments of facial dominance from photographs. Using a real-world context of status development, these results suggest that personality traits may influence students' ability to experience higher status and modulate the relation between subjective status and loneliness.
PubMed: 36172201
DOI: 10.1111/sode.12569 -
Gaceta Sanitaria 2021One of the indicators in measuring the nutritional status of a particular community is the nutritional status of pregnant women. A nutritional deficiency occurs if... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
One of the indicators in measuring the nutritional status of a particular community is the nutritional status of pregnant women. A nutritional deficiency occurs if nutritional input for pregnant women from food is not balanced with their body's needs. Several determinants are related to nutritional status. This study aimed to determine the relationship between socioeconomic and nutritional status of pregnant women in temporary shelter, Talise, Palu.
METHODS
This research was a quantitative observational study with a cross-sectional study approach. Sampling was done by random sampling technique, which obtained 85 pregnant women. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire.
RESULTS
Based on the Chi-Square test, p-value=0.001, which means that difference between socioeconomic status and nutritional status in pregnant women was significant (p<0.05). Variable of parity factor that was at risk and no risk in pregnant women showed p-value=0.030 and p-value=0.048. Additionally, the variable of pregnancy gap factor that was at risk and no risk in pregnant women showed p=0.070 and p=0.159. In addition, infectious disease factor that was at risk and no risk in pregnant women showed p-value=0.017 and p-value=0.027. Last but not least, implementation of ANC variable that was in line with standards and not in line with standards in pregnant women showed p-value=0.019 and p=0.043.
CONCLUSION
Based on the Chi-Square test calculation, p-value=0.001, which indicates a significant value between socioeconomic status and nutritional status in pregnant women (p<0.05).
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Nutritional Status; Parity; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Social Class; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 34929804
DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.018 -
SSM - Population Health Sep 2021Research has shown that people who have never been married, divorced, or widowed are at an increased risk of suicide compared with those who are married, but we have...
Research has shown that people who have never been married, divorced, or widowed are at an increased risk of suicide compared with those who are married, but we have little knowledge as to how this elevated risk is modified by socioeconomic factors, and little research has studied the risk among persons enduring a marital separation. This study addressed these issues with individual-level data from Norwegian national registers. All suicide cases in people above 18 years that took place in the period 1992-2012 (n = 11 051) were compared with living controls (185 685) matched on sex and age via a nested case control design, and suicide risk associated with marital status was assessed with conditional logistic regression. The results showed that, compared with a status of being married, suicide risk was highly associated with a status of being never married, separated, divorced, or widowed, even after adjustment for income-level, educational attainment, centrality of residence, and immigration status. The strongest effect was seen for a separated status; compared to the married, separated persons were fully 6.06 times more apt to die by suicide, and the effect was strongest in the 30 days following a separation. The observed significant associations remained but differed in strength by sex and age, and there were significant deviations by personal socioeconomic status. Most notably, the increased risk was higher for never-married persons with low educational attainment or income. However, most interaction effects (10/16) did not yield significant results. In conclusion, suicide risk is strongly associated with a single status of any form with the highest risk during a marital separation, but the increased risk varies in strength according to individual-level factors. The stress and loss of support induced by marital dissolution are important contributing risk factors for suicide, and persons with low income may be especially vulnerable.
PubMed: 34222610
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100853 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022This study explores the interaction effects of game outcomes and status instability and the moderating role of implicit team identification on spectators' status-seeking...
This study explores the interaction effects of game outcomes and status instability and the moderating role of implicit team identification on spectators' status-seeking behavior (the pursuit and preservation of social status). The current study seeks to contribute to the existing consumer behavior and spectatorship literature by examining the counterintuitive outcomes of winner-loser effects through the application of the biosocial theory of status. In an online experiment, NFL fans' retrospective spectating experiences were captured and manipulated. This experiment used a 2 (game outcome: victory vs. loss) × 2 (status instability: decisive vs. close) × 2 (iTeam ID: high vs. low) between-subjects design. The findings indicated that decisive victories and close losses positively influenced spectators' future attendance as well as their intention to purchase luxury suites and merchandise featuring images of the team mascot. Conversely, decisive losses and close victories had a negative influence. Additionally, the more spectators implicitly identified with a particular team, the more they exhibited status-seeking behavior; even close victories positively influenced the outcomes. By applying a nascent theoretical approach in the field of consumer behavior (the hormonal account), our results provide fresh insight into explaining spectators' status-seeking behavior. Also, the findings identify specific conditions in which spectators' status-seeking behavior is enhanced, thus suggesting ways for managers to strategically allocate their resources.
PubMed: 35178018
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.819644 -
Epilepsia Feb 2010Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in a comatose patient cannot be diagnosed without electroencephalography (EEG). In many advanced coma stages, the EEG exhibits... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in a comatose patient cannot be diagnosed without electroencephalography (EEG). In many advanced coma stages, the EEG exhibits continuous or periodic EEG abnormalities, but their causal role in coma remains unclear in many cases. To date there is no consensus on whether to treat NCSE in a comatose patient in order to improve the outcome or to retract from treatment, as these EEG patterns might reflect the end stages of a dying brain. On the basis of EEG, NCSE in comatose patients may be classified as generalized or lateralized. This review aims to summarize the ongoing debate of NCSE and coma and to critically reassess the available literature on coma with epileptiform EEG pattern and its prognostic and therapeutic implications. The authors suggest distinguishing NCSE proper and comatose NCSE, which includes coma with continuous lateralized discharges or generalized epileptiform discharges (coma-LED, coma-GED). Although NCSE proper is accompanied by clinical symptoms suggestive of status epilepticus and mild impairment of consciousness, such as in absence status or complex focal status epilepticus, coma-LED and coma-GED represent deep coma of various etiology without any clinical motor signs of status epilepticus but with characteristic epileptiform EEG pattern. Hence coma-LED and coma-GED can be diagnosed with EEG only. Subtle or stuporous status epilepticus and epilepsia partialis continua-like symptoms in severe acute central nervous system (CNS) disorders represent the borderland in this biologic continuum between NCSE proper and comatose NCSE (coma-LED/GED). This pragmatic differentiation could act as a starting point to solve terminologic and factual confusion.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain; Central Nervous System Diseases; Coma; Comorbidity; Diagnosis, Differential; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Generalized; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Status Epilepticus; Terminology as Topic; Unconsciousness
PubMed: 19744116
DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02297.x -
SSM - Population Health Mar 2023Previous research on pre-COVID-19 pandemic rising White mortality in the United States suggests that White Americans' perceived decline in relative group status may have... (Review)
Review
Previous research on pre-COVID-19 pandemic rising White mortality in the United States suggests that White Americans' perceived decline in relative group status may have influenced worsening mortality. In conjunction with other social and economic indicators, social status threat is one determinant of this population-level health shift, yet it is unclear perceptions of status threat shape individual health outcomes. Because of this, we sought to identify and synthesize research studies across disciplines that broadly explored how perceived threats to White Americans' social status affect their health. Our research objectives were to (1) examine how status threat (and related constructs) have been measured across the health and social sciences, (2) determine which health outcomes and behaviors are related to status threat, and (3) identify gaps in the existing knowledge base. We systematically searched six multidisciplinary databases. Only 12 studies met inclusion criteria, suggesting that status threat and Whites' health is an understudied topic that warrants continued investigation. Furthermore, there was inconsistency in how threats to status were measured and conceptualized across disciplines. Threat-related indicators evaluated changes in Democratic or Republican vote share, perceived racial treatment, financial status, personal identification with political party affiliation, perceptions of hypothetical "majority-minority" population shifts, racial awareness, and subjective social status. Studies primarily relied on self-rated measures of overall health, mental health status, and social determinants of health. Consequently, there is a gap in the literature concerning which specific health outcomes (besides mortality) are directly affected by status threat. Overall, included studies demonstrated that Whites' can experience negative health effects when they perceive threats in societal conditions, within their interpersonal social experiences, or related to their individual social standing. Moving forward, researchers should consider how Whites' beliefs about their position within social hierarchies potentially affect individual and group-level health outcomes.
PubMed: 36605332
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101326 -
Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology :... Dec 2015Electrographic status epilepticus and myoclonus represent frequent findings in patients surviving cardiac arrest; both features have been related to poor clinical... (Review)
Review
Electrographic status epilepticus and myoclonus represent frequent findings in patients surviving cardiac arrest; both features have been related to poor clinical outcome. Recent data have outlined that status epilepticus appearing during therapeutic hypothermia and sedation is practically and invariably related to a fatal issue, as opposed to some patients presenting status epilepticus and/or myoclonus after return to normothermic conditions. Although it seems reasonable to give a chance of awakening to the latter patients by administering consequent antiepileptic treatment, especially if other favorable prognostic markers are observed, an aggressive treatment of status epilepticus arising during hypothermia seems futile in view of the existing evidence.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Status Epilepticus
PubMed: 26629752
DOI: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000208 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Aug 2016Seizures are a common presentation in the prehospital and emergency department setting and status epilepticus represents an emergency neurologic condition. The... (Review)
Review
Seizures are a common presentation in the prehospital and emergency department setting and status epilepticus represents an emergency neurologic condition. The classification and various types of seizures are numerous. The objectives of this narrative literature review focuses on adult patients with a presentation of status epilepticus in the prehospital and emergency department setting. In summary, benzodiazepines remain the primary first line therapeutic agent in the management of status epilepticus, however, there are new agents that may be appropriate for the management of status epilepticus as second- and third-line pharmacological agents.
PubMed: 27563928
DOI: 10.3390/jcm5090074 -
Seizure Aug 2019Hashimoto's encephalopathy is a non-infectious, probably autoimmune encephalitis, characterized by varied signs coupled with elevated levels of anti-thyroid antibodies... (Review)
Review
Hashimoto's encephalopathy is a non-infectious, probably autoimmune encephalitis, characterized by varied signs coupled with elevated levels of anti-thyroid antibodies and, often, good response to corticosteroid therapy. Seizures, namely focal and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, myoclonus, and status epilepticus, are frequent manifestations of Hashimoto's encephalopathy. Typically, seizures in these patients respond poorly to anti-epileptic drugs. Although cases of Hashimoto's encephalopathy with status epilepticus have been reported in literature, they vary in demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics. We could not identify any systematic review summarizing the evidence in regard to factors predicting the occurrence of status epilepticus in Hashimoto's encephalopathy and the responsiveness of status epilepticus to anti-epileptic drugs, steroids and other immunomodulatory medication. Therefore, we performed an extensive review of the literature to identify and compare Hashimoto's encephalopathy patients presenting with and without status epilepticus. In 31 patients with status epilepticus and 104 patients without status epilepticus, thyroid status, anti-thyroid antibodies, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, brain MRI/CT/SPECT scan did not predict occurrence of status epilepticus of variable phenomenology. Status epilepticus did not respond to anti-epileptic drugs but completely remitted under steroid treatment, alone or in combination with other immunomodulatory medication, in about three quarter of patients. Generalized convulsive status epilepticus might be a factor negatively influencing outcome.
Topics: Adult; Encephalitis; Female; Hashimoto Disease; Humans; Status Epilepticus
PubMed: 31228700
DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.06.020 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Apr 2016The role that social status plays in small-scale societies suggests that status may be important for understanding the evolution of human fertility decisions, and for...
The role that social status plays in small-scale societies suggests that status may be important for understanding the evolution of human fertility decisions, and for understanding how such decisions play out in modern contexts. This paper explores whether modelling competition for status--in the sense of relative rank within a society--can help shed light on fertility decline and the demographic transition. We develop a model of how levels of inequality and status competition affect optimal investment by parents in the embodied capital (health, strength, and skills) and social status of offspring, focusing on feedbacks between individual decisions and socio-ecological conditions. We find that conditions similar to those in demographic transition societies yield increased investment in both embodied capital and social status, generating substantial decreases in fertility, particularly under conditions of high inequality and intense status competition. We suggest that a complete explanation for both fertility variation in small-scale societies and modern fertility decline will take into account the effects of status competition and inequality.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Economics; Fertility; Humans; Models, Biological; Population Dynamics; Social Behavior; Social Class; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 27022077
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0150