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Transactions of the Indian National... 2022Hydrogen storage is one of the most significant research areas for exploiting hydrogen energy economy. To store hydrogen with a high gravimetric/volumetric density,... (Review)
Review
Hydrogen storage is one of the most significant research areas for exploiting hydrogen energy economy. To store hydrogen with a high gravimetric/volumetric density, gaseous hydrogen storage systems require a very high-pressure compressed gas cylinder which is quite unsafe and the storage in the liquid form needs cryogenic containers to be maintained at roughly 20 K under ambient pressure because hydrogen has a very low critical temperature of 33 K. However, hydrogen can be stored in solid materials with higher concentration of hydrogen compared to the gaseous and liquid hydrogen storage systems. It is therefore, worthwhile to look into the experimental and theoretical research on prospective hydrogen storage materials. The hydride-forming alloys and intermetallic compounds are found to be the most important families of hydrogen storage materials. Multicomponent alloys consisting of five or more principal elements, also known as high-entropy alloys appear to have potential for the development as hydrogen storage materials. Hydride-forming elements like Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Hf, Ta, La, Ce, Ni, and others have been shown to have hydrogen storage properties and the ability to produce single-phase high-entropy intermetallics. Here, attempts will be made to present a short review on utilization of multicomponent high-entropy alloys as solid hydrogen storage materials. Furthermore, we will also present some of our work on the synthesis, structural-microstructural characterization and hydrogen storage properties of Ti-Zr-V-Cr-Ni equi-atomic hydride-forming high-entropy alloys. From the preliminary investigation, the maximum storage capacity in this system was observed to be 1.78 wt%, which is comparable to other hydrogen storage materials. The prospects of high-entropy-based alloys for hydrogen storage will be discussed.
PubMed: 35837008
DOI: 10.1007/s41403-021-00316-w -
Scientific Reports May 2023Thus far, a perfectly secure encryption key storage system doesn't exist. As long as key storage is connected to a network system, there is always a chance that it can...
Thus far, a perfectly secure encryption key storage system doesn't exist. As long as key storage is connected to a network system, there is always a chance that it can be cracked. Even if storage is not continually connected to a network system; it is repeatedly necessary for an individual to access storage to upload and download the data; hence there is always a loophole with every conventional encryption key storage system. By utilizing the penetrative nature of cosmic-ray muons, the COSMOCAT (Cosmic coding and transfer) technique may tackle this problem by eliminating the requirement for any network connection to data storage. COSMOCAT was invented as a post quantum key generation and distribution technique for wireless near field communication. However, in its first stage of development, COSMOCAT relied on standard comparators and Global Positioning System (GPS) or other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for key generation. Temporal jitters of the signals outputted from comparators and frequency fluctuations in GPS-disciplined oscillators degraded the key strength and the efficiency of both the key generation and distribution. New strategies are tested in this paper to improve these factors. As a result, the key strength and the key authenticating rate limit are respectively improved by 4 orders of magnitude and more than 5 orders of magnitude. As a consequence, it has become possible to propose a practical methodology for a new key storage and authentication strategy which has the potential to be an impregnable defense against any kind of cyber/physical attack to data storage. Practical applications of COSMOCATS-based symmetric-key cryptosystems to an electronic digital signing system, communication, and cloud storage are also discussed.
PubMed: 37253790
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35325-y -
Molecular Plant Jan 2023Seeds are a major source of nutrients for humans and animal livestock worldwide. With improved living standards, high nutritional quality has become one of the main... (Review)
Review
Seeds are a major source of nutrients for humans and animal livestock worldwide. With improved living standards, high nutritional quality has become one of the main targets for breeding. Storage protein content in seeds, which is highly variable depending on plant species, serves as a pivotal criterion of seed nutritional quality. In the last few decades, our understanding of the molecular genetics and regulatory mechanisms of storage protein synthesis has greatly advanced. Here, we systematically and comprehensively summarize breakthroughs on the conservation and divergence of storage protein synthesis in dicot and monocot plants. With regard to storage protein accumulation, we discuss evolutionary origins, developmental processes, characteristics of main storage protein fractions, regulatory networks, and genetic modifications. In addition, we discuss potential breeding strategies to improve storage protein accumulation and provide perspectives on some key unanswered problems that need to be addressed.
Topics: Humans; Seed Storage Proteins; Plant Breeding; Plants; Seeds; Protein Biosynthesis; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 36495013
DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.004 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2022Hydrogen energy is an excellent carrier for connecting various renewable energy sources and has many advantages. However, hydrogen is flammable and explosive, and its... (Review)
Review
Hydrogen energy is an excellent carrier for connecting various renewable energy sources and has many advantages. However, hydrogen is flammable and explosive, and its density is low and easy to escape, which brings inconvenience to the storage and transportation of hydrogen. Therefore, hydrogen storage technology has become one of the key steps in the application of hydrogen energy. Solid-state hydrogen storage method has a very high volumetric hydrogen density compared to the traditional compressed hydrogen method. The main issue of solid-state hydrogen storage method is the development of advanced hydrogen storage materials. Metal borohydrides have very high hydrogen density and have received much attention over the past two decades. However, high hydrogen sorption temperature, slow kinetics, and poor reversibility still severely restrict its practical applications. This paper mainly discusses the research progress and problems to be solved of metal borohydride hydrogen storage materials for solid-state hydrogen storage.
PubMed: 36059882
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.945208 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2022DNA is a natural storage medium with the advantages of high storage density and long service life compared with traditional media. DNA storage can meet the current...
DNA is a natural storage medium with the advantages of high storage density and long service life compared with traditional media. DNA storage can meet the current storage requirements for massive data. Owing to the limitations of the DNA storage technology, the data need to be converted into short DNA sequences for storage. However, in the process, a large amount of physical redundancy will be generated to index short DNA sequences. To reduce redundancy, this study proposes a DNA storage encoding scheme with hidden addressing. Using the improved fountain encoding scheme, the index replaces part of the data to realize hidden addresses, and then, a 10.1 MB file is encoded with the hidden addressing. First, the Dottup dot plot generator and the Jaccard similarity coefficient analyze the overall self-similarity of the encoding sequence index, and then the sequence fragments of GC content are used to verify the performance of this scheme. The final results show that the encoding scheme indexes with overall lower self-similarity, and the local thermodynamic properties of the sequence are better. The hidden addressing encoding scheme proposed can not only improve the utilization of bases but also ensure the correct rate of DNA storage during the sequencing and decoding processes.
PubMed: 35928958
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.916615 -
Maternal & Child Nutrition Jan 2022Neonatal nutrient storage and supplies from breast milk contribute to nutrient status and growth of infants during their early life. This study investigated the adequacy...
Neonatal nutrient storage and supplies from breast milk contribute to nutrient status and growth of infants during their early life. This study investigated the adequacy of zinc and iron intakes among breastfed infants during the first 4 months and determined the relative importance of zinc/iron storage versus nutrient intakes with infant's biochemical status and growth. A longitudinal study followed lactating women and their breastfed infants from birth to 4 months postpartum. Cord zinc and ferritin concentrations, as indicators of nutrient storages, were determined. Zinc and iron intakes from breast milk were determined by measurement of breast milk volume together with milk zinc and iron concentrations at 2 and 4 months postpartum. Inadequacy of nutrient intakes was determined using average requirement (AR) which were 1.6 and 0.24 mg/day for zinc and iron respectively. Infant's serum zinc and ferritin were determined at 4 months of age. The data were collected from 64 and 56 participants at 2 months and 4 months postpartum. Inadequate zinc intake was found in 14.5 and 40% of infants at 2 and 4 months old, respectively. The prevalence of biochemical zinc and iron deficiency in infants were 76 and 11%, respectively. Iron endowment was significantly associated with serum ferritin at 4 months. The cumulative zinc intake was positively associated with weight gain and weight-for-length Z-score, but not length. This study provides quantitative data on zinc and iron intakes, and demonstrates the relative importance of nutrient storage versus intakes on biochemical status and growth of breastfed infants.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Eating; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Iron; Lactation; Longitudinal Studies; Milk, Human; Zinc
PubMed: 34498371
DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13268 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Apr 2009
Topics: Genetic Therapy; Humans; Lysosomal Storage Diseases; Lysosomes; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vacuoles
PubMed: 19329005
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.03.001 -
Cureus Jan 2022Background Large amounts of medicines are wasted during procurement, storage, distribution, and utilization. Proper procurement, storage, dispensing, and documentation...
Background Large amounts of medicines are wasted during procurement, storage, distribution, and utilization. Proper procurement, storage, dispensing, and documentation of medicines are important aspects of pharmacy management. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Indian Pharmaceutical Association (IPA) have developed guidelines for the storage and dispensing of medicines by pharmacists. This study was conducted to assess the storage and dispensing facilities of medicines in public healthcare pharmacies of Puducherry province in south India. Methodology A one-time survey was conducted in 10 public healthcare pharmacies by filling the checklist which was prepared based on the WHO and IPA guidelines. Results Facilities such as adequate surface area, storage area, reception area, and availability of water supply in dispensing area were available in 90% of surveyed pharmacies. The most common system used for the arrangement of medicines was alphabetical order (70%). In 80% of pharmacies, a sufficient number of shelves was available for storage of medicine, and in 90% of pharmacies, shelves were properly labeled. None of the pharmacies had separate storage facilities for expired medicines and narcotic drugs. Conclusions In Puducherry, pharmacy services are provided by qualified and experienced pharmacists. Although most of the surveyed pharmacies had all the required infrastructure and equipment facilities, few pharmacies need to improve their facilities to promote good drug-dispensing practices.
PubMed: 35198298
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21389 -
Computing and Software For Big Science 2022A common task in scientific computing is the data reduction. This workflow extracts the most important information from large input data and stores it in smaller derived...
A common task in scientific computing is the data reduction. This workflow extracts the most important information from large input data and stores it in smaller derived data objects. The derived data objects can then be used for further analysis. Typically, these workflows use distributed storage and computing resources. A straightforward setup of storage media would be low-cost tape storage and higher-cost disk storage. The large, infrequently accessed input data are stored on tape storage. The smaller, frequently accessed derived data is stored on disk storage. In a best-case scenario, the large input data is only accessed very infrequently and in a well-planned pattern. However, practice shows that often the data has to be processed continuously and unpredictably. This can significantly reduce tape storage performance. A common approach to counter this is storing copies of the large input data on disk storage. This contribution evaluates an approach that uses cloud storage resources to serve as a flexible cache or buffer, depending on the computational workflow. The proposed model is explored for the case of continuously processed data. For the evaluation, a simulation tool was developed, which can be used to analyse models related to storage and network resources. We show that using commercial cloud storage can reduce on-premises disk storage requirements, while maintaining an equal throughput of jobs. Moreover, the key metrics of the model are discussed, and an approach is described, which uses the simulation to assist with the decision process of using commercial cloud storage. The goal is to investigate approaches and propose new evaluation methods to overcome future data challenges.
PubMed: 36620727
DOI: 10.1007/s41781-021-00076-w -
Materials Today. Bio Jun 2022Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is increasingly emerging as a serious medium for long-term archival data storage because of its remarkable high-capacity,... (Review)
Review
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is increasingly emerging as a serious medium for long-term archival data storage because of its remarkable high-capacity, high-storage-density characteristics and its lasting ability to store data for thousands of years. Various encoding algorithms are generally required to store digital information in DNA and to maintain data integrity. Indeed, since DNA is the information carrier, its performance under different processing and storage conditions significantly impacts the capabilities of the data storage system. Therefore, the design of a DNA storage system must meet specific design considerations to be less error-prone, robust and reliable. In this work, we summarize the general processes and technologies employed when using synthetic DNA as a storage medium. We also share the design considerations for sustainable engineering to include viability. We expect this work to provide insight into how sustainable design can be used to develop an efficient and robust synthetic DNA-based storage system for long-term archiving.
PubMed: 35677811
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100306