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Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia :... Jun 2022
Topics: Humans; Mediastinum; Thorax
PubMed: 35703621
DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20220158 -
PloS One 2021The current COVID-19 pandemic threatens human life, health, and productivity. AI plays an essential role in COVID-19 case classification as we can apply machine learning...
The current COVID-19 pandemic threatens human life, health, and productivity. AI plays an essential role in COVID-19 case classification as we can apply machine learning models on COVID-19 case data to predict infectious cases and recovery rates using chest x-ray. Accessing patient's private data violates patient privacy and traditional machine learning model requires accessing or transferring whole data to train the model. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in federated machine learning, as it provides an effective solution for data privacy, centralized computation, and high computation power. In this paper, we studied the efficacy of federated learning versus traditional learning by developing two machine learning models (a federated learning model and a traditional machine learning model)using Keras and TensorFlow federated, we used a descriptive dataset and chest x-ray (CXR) images from COVID-19 patients. During the model training stage, we tried to identify which factors affect model prediction accuracy and loss like activation function, model optimizer, learning rate, number of rounds, and data Size, we kept recording and plotting the model loss and prediction accuracy per each training round, to identify which factors affect the model performance, and we found that softmax activation function and SGD optimizer give better prediction accuracy and loss, changing the number of rounds and learning rate has slightly effect on model prediction accuracy and prediction loss but increasing the data size did not have any effect on model prediction accuracy and prediction loss. finally, we build a comparison between the proposed models' loss, accuracy, and performance speed, the results demonstrate that the federated machine learning model has a better prediction accuracy and loss but higher performance time than the traditional machine learning model.
Topics: COVID-19; Computer Simulation; Datasets as Topic; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Machine Learning; Thorax; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34101762
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252573 -
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &... Jun 2019Current knowledge of recumbent handbike configuration and handcycling technique is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the upper limb...
Current knowledge of recumbent handbike configuration and handcycling technique is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the upper limb kinematics and handbike configurations of recreational and competitive recumbent handcyclists, during sport-specific intensities. Thirteen handcyclists were divided into two significantly different groups based on peak aerobic power output (PO ) and race experience; competitive (n = 7; 5 H3 and 2 H4 classes; PO : 247 ± 20 W) and recreational (n = 6; 4 H3 and 2 H4 classes; PO : 198 ± 21 W). Participants performed bouts of exercise at training (50% PO ), competition (70% PO ), and sprint intensity while three-dimensional kinematic data (thorax, scapula, shoulder, elbow, and wrist) were collected. Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare the kinematics of competitive and recreational handcyclists. Handbike configurations were determined from additional markers on the handbike. Competitive handcyclists flexed their thorax (~5°, P < 0.05), extended their shoulder (~10°, P < 0.01), and posteriorly tilted their scapular (~15°, P < 0.05) more than recreational handcyclists. Differences in scapular motion occurred only at training intensity while differences in shoulder extension and thorax flexion occurred both at training and competition intensities. No differences were observed during sprinting. No significant differences in handbike configuration were identified. This study is the first to compare the upper limb kinematics of competitive recreational handcyclists at sport-specific intensities. Competitive handcyclists employed significantly different propulsion strategies at training and competition intensities. Since no differences in handbike configuration were identified, these kinematic differences could be due to technical training adaptations potentially optimizing muscle recruitment or force generation of the arm.
Topics: Adult; Athletes; Bicycling; Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Range of Motion, Articular; Scapula; Shoulder; Thorax
PubMed: 30739351
DOI: 10.1111/sms.13402 -
BMC Medical Imaging Feb 2021To establish the normal reference range of fetal thorax by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound VOCAL technique and evaluate the application in...
BACKGROUND
To establish the normal reference range of fetal thorax by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound VOCAL technique and evaluate the application in diagnosing fetal thoracic malformations.
METHODS
A prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken involving 1077 women who have a normal singleton pregnancy at 13-40 weeks gestational age (GA). 2D ultrasound and 3D ultrasound VOCAL technique were utilized to assess fetal thoracic transverse diameter, thoracic anteroposterior diameter, thoracic circumference, thoracic area, lung volume, thoracic volume and lung-to-thoracic volume ratio. The nomograms of 2D and 3D fetal thoracic measurements were created to GA. 50 cases were randomly selected to calculate intra- and inter-observer reliability and agreement. In addition, the case groups including congenital skeletal dysplasia (SD) (15), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) (30), pulmonary sequestration (PS) (25) and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) (36) were assessed by the nomograms and followed up subsequently.
RESULTS
Both 2D and 3D fetal thoracic parameters increased with GA using a quadratic regression equation. The intra- and inter-observer reliability and agreement of each thoracic parameter were excellent. 2D fetal thoracic parameters could initially evaluate the fetal thoracic development and diagnose the skeletal thoracic deformity, and lung volume, thoracic volume and lung-to-thorax volume ratio were practical to diagnose and differentiate CDH, PS and CCAM.
CONCLUSION
We have established the normal fetal thoracic reference range at 13-40 weeks, which has a high value in diagnosing congenital thoracic malformations.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Observer Variation; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Reference Values; Thorax; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 33618694
DOI: 10.1186/s12880-021-00548-w -
Anales de Pediatria Feb 2020
Topics: Congenital Abnormalities; Female; Humans; Infant; Kidney; Thorax
PubMed: 30773405
DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2019.01.005 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Nov 2022BACKGROUND Splenosis refers to autotransplantation of splenic tissue after splenic injury or splenectomy, most frequently occurring in the abdominal and pelvic cavities....
BACKGROUND Splenosis refers to autotransplantation of splenic tissue after splenic injury or splenectomy, most frequently occurring in the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Thoracic splenosis is a rare condition associated with a history of simultaneous rupture of the spleen and diaphragm resulting from trauma. To the best of our knowledge, only a limited number of cases have been reported for combined intrathoracic and abdominal splenosis. CASE REPORT We present a case of a 50-year-old man with a history of splenectomy and left nephrectomy 15 years ago due to an accident, who had experienced chest pain for the past month. A 1-cm focal pleural thickening in the left posterior pleura was revealed on the chest computed tomography (CT) scan. We found this to be suspicious for a solitary fibrous tumor. Based on this information, surgery was performed for tumor removal, and the pathologic examination confirmed splenic tissues. The patient was then discharged without any complications. Further abdominopelvic CT showed several contrast-enhanced lesions, suggestive of intraperitoneal splenosis. CONCLUSIONS We would like to emphasize the importance of thorough history-taking to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary procedures with respect to the rarity of splenosis. Moreover, appropriate use of diagnostic tools, including radionuclide imaging studies, is recommended to establish an accurate diagnosis of thoracic splenosis.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Splenosis; Abdomen; Thorax; Splenectomy
PubMed: 36435962
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.937902 -
Indian Pediatrics Jan 2016
Topics: Child, Preschool; Consanguinity; Face; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Male; Skin; Thorax; Xeroderma Pigmentosum
PubMed: 26840691
DOI: No ID Found -
Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia :... 2012In the elderly (conventionally defined as individuals ≥ 60 years of age), it is often difficult to establish what normality is, because of the numerous anatomical and... (Review)
Review
In the elderly (conventionally defined as individuals ≥ 60 years of age), it is often difficult to establish what normality is, because of the numerous anatomical and physiological modifications that occur during the aging process. As a result, the greatest challenge is to differentiate between the normal aging process and the onset of disease. Healthy elderly people commonly present borderline findings on chest imaging. We systematically reviewed the medical literature on the subject, covering the period between 1950 and 2011, including articles in Portuguese, English, French, Italian, and Spanish. We searched the PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases, using the search terms "age", "aging", "lung", "thorax", "chest", "X-ray", "radiography", "pulmonary", and "computed tomography"-as well as their corresponding translations-in various combinations. We included only original or review articles on aging-related chest imaging findings. In broad terms, aging results in physiological modifications that must be recognized so as not to be erroneously interpreted as pathological.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Diagnosis, Differential; Heart; Heart Diseases; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases; Mediastinum; Middle Aged; Thoracic Wall; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 23147059
DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132012000500016 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Feb 2023
Topics: Heart; Thorax
PubMed: 36724770
DOI: 10.1055/a-1990-7429 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science May 2022In the veal calf industry, bovine respiratory disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality. Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is an accurate technique to diagnose...
BACKGROUND
In the veal calf industry, bovine respiratory disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality. Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is an accurate technique to diagnose bronchopneumonia in calves. Due to the economic constraints faced by the industry, a screening technique able to rapidly examine large numbers of calves is required.
OBJECTIVE
To determine if lung ultrasonography focusing on the cranial part of the thorax (1st to 2nd intercostal space (ICS) on the right and 2nd to 3rd on the left) and/or on the middle part of the thorax (3rd to 5th ICS on the right and 4th to 5th on the left) (alternative techniques) are rapid screening techniques as sensitive as LUS of the entire lung (reference technique) to identify calves with lung consolidation lesions.
METHODS
Data on 300 veal calves aged 33.1 ± 8.0 days and weighing on average 67.5 ± 4.0 kg at LUS from two farms were analysed. Systematic LUS of the entire lung was performed on all calves and a lung consolidation score was given to different parts of the thorax. Agreements between the alternative and the reference techniques were measured by Cohen's κ, McNemar's test and weighted κ.
RESULTS
Agreement between LUS focusing on the cranial + middle part or on the cranial part only of the thorax and the reference technique were almost perfect with a cutoff of 1 cm. The relative sensitivity of these two alternative techniques was high (> 93%).
CONCLUSION
Lung ultrasonography of the cranial + middle part or on the cranial part only of the thorax are quick and sensitive techniques to identify veal calves with lung consolidation lesions shortly after arrival at the facility.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Lung; Lung Diseases; Red Meat; Thorax; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 35218681
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.774