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The Journal of International Medical... May 2021To investigate the effect and prognosis of subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect and prognosis of subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy.
METHODS
All children (n=162) with tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis were randomly divided into two groups: tonsillectomy (n=75) and subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy (n=87). Tonsillectomy: the tonsillar tissue was completely removed along with the tonsillar capsule. Subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy: 80% to 90% of the tonsils and the complete epithelium of the tonsillar crypts were removed without damaging the tonsillar capsule. The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) and parents' postoperative pain measure (PPPM) scales were used to evaluate postoperative pain, and the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-18 questionnaire was used to assess the children's postoperative quality of life. The patients were followed-up for 2 years.
RESULTS
1. The FLACC and PPPM scales indicated that the children's postoperative pain after subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy was significantly less than that of children undergoing tonsillectomy. 2. The OSA-18 scale scores indicated that subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy significantly improved the children's quality of life. 3. Two years after subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy, no patients required reoperation.
CONCLUSION
Subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy may be the first choice for tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis patients.
Topics: Child; Humans; Pain, Postoperative; Palatine Tonsil; Quality of Life; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Tonsillectomy; Tonsillitis
PubMed: 33947259
DOI: 10.1177/03000605211011930 -
British Journal of Hospital Medicine... Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Palatine Tonsil; Polyps
PubMed: 36594774
DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2022.0289 -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2020The aim: To compare the content of α and γ-interferons, interleukins 1β ,4, 10, IgA, IgG, as well as the level of the general forms of immune complexes in tissue...
OBJECTIVE
The aim: To compare the content of α and γ-interferons, interleukins 1β ,4, 10, IgA, IgG, as well as the level of the general forms of immune complexes in tissue extracts from tonsils of children with hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis.
RESULTS
Results: In tissue extracts from tonsils with CT, there is a predominance of inflammation factors, potential sensitization, and the development of immunopathological reactions. The presence of inflammation is indicated by elevated levels of interleukin-1β, immunoglobulin G. High levels of interleukin-4 may indicate that both HPT and CT have a tendency to increase sensitization to microbial and other antigens.
CONCLUSION
Conclusion: The results indicate a significant difference in the qualitative and quantitative state of inflammation factors and allergy in case of HPT and CT. In tonsils with CT, there predominate both simple and allergic inflammations, as well as immunopathological reactions.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Cytokines; Humans; Hypertrophy; Immunoglobulins; Palatine Tonsil; Tissue Extracts; Tonsillitis
PubMed: 32124827
DOI: No ID Found -
Kidney International Apr 2004Although there are many papers about IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and tonsils, respectively, reviews about the relationship between tonsils, tonsillitis, tonsillectomy, and... (Review)
Review
Although there are many papers about IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and tonsils, respectively, reviews about the relationship between tonsils, tonsillitis, tonsillectomy, and IgAN are limited. In this review, we introduced the structure, development, and function of tonsils, difference of tonsils with and without IgAN, consistency of both tonsillar IgA and glomerular IgA, the effect of tonsil stimulation, tonsil infection, and tonsillectomy on IgAN showed some evidences in which tonsils were closely related to IgAN and polymeric IgA1 deposited in glomerular mesangium were at least in part of tonsillar origin. Tonsillectomy can improve the urinary findings, keep stable renal function, improve mesangial proliferation and IgA deposit, have a favorable effect on long-tern renal survival in some IgAN patients, and do not cause significant immune deficiency and do not increase incidence of the upper respiratory tract infections, and can be used as a potentially effective treatment. The indications of tonsillectomy in patients with IgAN include mainly the deterioration of urinary findings after tonsillar infection, mild or moderate renal damage. However, tonsillectomy may not be enough and may not change the prognosis in IgAN patients with marked renal damage.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Glomerular Mesangium; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Palatine Tonsil; Tonsillectomy
PubMed: 15086452
DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00486.x -
The British Journal of Dermatology Feb 2013Psoriasis is a common chronic skin disease with strong genetic associations and environmental triggers. Patients with psoriasis develop sore throats much more frequently... (Review)
Review
Psoriasis is a common chronic skin disease with strong genetic associations and environmental triggers. Patients with psoriasis develop sore throats much more frequently than nonpsoriatic individuals and it is well documented that streptococcal throat infections can trigger the onset of psoriasis, and such infections cause exacerbation of chronic psoriasis. It is now generally accepted that psoriatic lesions are caused by abnormal reactivity of specific T lymphocytes in the skin. However, it has been shown in recent years that activation of specific immunity is always preceded by activation of nonspecific innate immune mechanisms, and that abnormalities in the innate immune system can cause dysregulation in specific immune responses. Here we explore the possible immune mechanisms that are involved in the link between infection of the tonsils and this inflammatory skin disease. Moreover, we survey the literature and discuss the suitability of tonsillectomy as a treatment for psoriasis.
Topics: Humans; Immunity, Innate; Palatine Tonsil; Psoriasis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pyogenes; Tonsillectomy; Tonsillitis
PubMed: 22901242
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11215.x -
British Medical Journal Dec 1971Neisseria gonorrhoeae were cultured from tonsillar swabs in six men and six women out of 161 consecutive, unselected, Danish patients (95 men and 66 women) suffering...
Neisseria gonorrhoeae were cultured from tonsillar swabs in six men and six women out of 161 consecutive, unselected, Danish patients (95 men and 66 women) suffering from urogenital or rectal gonorrhoea. Gonococci were found in the tonsils in only one out of 49 foreign men with gonorrhoea. Eleven of the Danish patients admitted orogenital contact at their most recent intercourse. The gonococcal complement fixation test was negative in all except two cases. Standard singledose treatment cured the urogenital and rectal infections promptly but failed to cure the tonsillar infection in five cases, and in recalcitrant cases the organisms were demonstrable for some months.
Topics: Ampicillin; Complement Fixation Tests; Denmark; Ethnicity; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Palatine Tonsil; Penicillin G; Probenecid; Sexual Behavior; Tetracycline; Tonsillitis
PubMed: 5002598
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.4.5788.660 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2018Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide 3 (A3) family are cytidine deaminases that play critical roles in...
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide 3 (A3) family are cytidine deaminases that play critical roles in B-cell maturation, antiviral immunity and carcinogenesis. Adenoids and palatine tonsils are secondary lymphoid immune organs, in which AID and A3s are thought to have several physiological or pathological roles. However, the expression of AID or A3s in these organs has not been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the expression profiles of AID and A3s, using 67 samples of adenoids and palatine tonsils from patients, with reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemical analyses. AID and A3s expression levels in the adenoids and the palatine tonsils of the same individual significantly correlated with each other. Of note, AID expression level in the adenoids negatively correlated with the age (r = -0.373, P = 0.003). The younger group with adenoid vegetation and tonsillar hypertrophy showed more abundant AID expression than the older group with recurrent tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscesses (P = 0.026). Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis revealed the distribution of AID and A3s in the epithelial cells as well as germinal centres. The localisation of AID expression and its relation to age may contribute to adenoid vegetation and inflammation.
Topics: APOBEC Deaminases; Adenoids; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Cytidine Deaminase; Cytosine Deaminase; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Middle Aged; Palatine Tonsil; Young Adult
PubMed: 29343743
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18732-w -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2013Hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis are common indications of tonsillectomy. However, the pathological reports are similar, regardless of clinical aspects. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
UNLABELLED
Hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis are common indications of tonsillectomy. However, the pathological reports are similar, regardless of clinical aspects.
OBJECTIVE
Search for histopathological changes that differentiate palatine tonsils operated because of hypertrophy vis-à-vis those operated because of recurrent tonsillitis.
METHOD
A prospective cross-sectional descriptive study involving 46 children divided into group I - 22 with hypertrophy; and group II - 24 with recurrent tonsillitis, in the period between 2010 and 2012, in a public hospital. We evaluated clinical and histopathological features (lymph follicles, germinal centers, fibrosis, necrosis, reticulation, infiltration by plasma cells and neutrophils).
RESULTS
The patients' ages ranged between 2 and 11 years (5.17 ± 2.28). In group I, half of the patients had had the latest infection at seven months or more, and all with obstruction degree greater than 3 (> 50%). In group II, all had had the latest infection at less than seven months, and most with obstruction degree below 4 (< 75%). There was a statistically significant difference in the degree of obstruction (p = 0.0021) and number of germinal centers (p = 0.002) was higher in group I.
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that the number of germinal centers is the only histopathological criterion that can be used to differentiate the two groups.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Palatine Tonsil; Prospective Studies; Recurrence; Severity of Illness Index; Tonsillectomy; Tonsillitis
PubMed: 24141676
DOI: 10.5935/1808-8694.20130108 -
Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck... Jan 2018HPV-related head and neck cancer rates have been increasing in recent years, with the tonsils being the most commonly affected site. However, the current rate of HPV... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
HPV-related head and neck cancer rates have been increasing in recent years, with the tonsils being the most commonly affected site. However, the current rate of HPV infection in the pediatric population remains poorly defined. The objective of this study was to systematically review and evaluate the prevalence and distribution of HPV in the tonsils of pediatric patients undergoing routine tonsillectomy.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The literature was searched using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global databases (inception to December 2017) by two independent review authors. Inclusion criteria included articles which evaluated the prevalence of HPV in a pediatric cohort without known warts or recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, those which used tonsil biopsy specimens for analysis, and those with six or more subjects and clear outcomes reported. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Using the Oxford Clinical Evidence-based Medicine (OCEBM) guidelines, two reviewers appraised the level of evidence of each study, extracted data, and resolved discrepancies by consensus. The systematic review identified 11 articles (n = 2520). Seven studies detected HPV in the subject population, with prevalence values ranging from 0 to 21%. The level of evidence for all included studies was OCEBM Level 3.
CONCLUSIONS
HPV may be present in pediatric tonsillectomy specimens; however, the largest included study demonstrated a prevalence of 0%. Future testing should be performed using methods with high sensitivities and specificities, such as reverse transcript real-time PCR or digital droplet PCR.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Global Health; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Internationality; Male; Palatine Tonsil; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Risk Assessment; Tonsillectomy
PubMed: 29378664
DOI: 10.1186/s40463-018-0255-1 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2011A 10-year-old female presented with complaints of submandibular swelling, sore throat, painful deglutition, difficulty in speech and fever. The patient gave history of...
A 10-year-old female presented with complaints of submandibular swelling, sore throat, painful deglutition, difficulty in speech and fever. The patient gave history of recurrent tonsillitis associated with snoring and breathing difficulty during sleep. Oral examination revealed inflamed, hypertrophied tonsils and dental caries. Throat swab culture was positive for β-haemolytic streptococci. The patient underwent elective tonsillectomy and histopathological examination revealed characteristic colonies of actinomycetes. The patient was put on intravenous penicillin and after 6 months of follow-up is disease free. The report recommends that histopathological examination must be performed in cases of recurrent tonsillitis with tonsillar hypertrophy. Microscopic examination may reveal actinomycetes which may not be evident on culture; treatment requires a longer course of high-dose penicillins. This further supports the view that actinomycetes have a causal association with recurrent tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Palatine Tonsil; Penicillins; Tonsillitis
PubMed: 22696708
DOI: 10.1136/bcr.01.2011.3750