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Respiratory Medicine Aug 2013Pulmonary aspergillosis encompasses a heterogeneous group of mycoses that result from either colonisation or pathogenic damage of lung tissue by Aspergillus fungi. These... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary aspergillosis encompasses a heterogeneous group of mycoses that result from either colonisation or pathogenic damage of lung tissue by Aspergillus fungi. These clinical entities range from relatively benign saprophytic hypersensitivity associated with fungal inhabitation to life threatening invasive disease. The diagnosis of pulmonary disorders related to Aspergillus is on the increase and it is more important than ever those both general and respiratory physicians have a good understanding of these disorders. This paper reviews the contemporary understanding of the clinical, radiographic and histopathological aspects of pulmonary aspergillosis.
Topics: Asthma; Bronchitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis; Pulmonary Aspergillosis; Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tracheitis
PubMed: 23702091
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.03.016 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023: Little is known about the recent trends in antibiotic and phytopharmaceutical prescribing for acute upper (URIs) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) in...
Changes in the Prescription of Antibiotics and Phytopharmaceuticals in Children Treated for Acute Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Pediatric Practices in Germany in 2013, 2018, and 2022.
: Little is known about the recent trends in antibiotic and phytopharmaceutical prescribing for acute upper (URIs) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) in children and adolescents. Therefore, this study investigated changes in the prescription of antibiotics and phytopharmaceuticals in children diagnosed with acute URIs and LRIs in pediatric practices in Germany in 2013, 2018, and 2022. : The present retrospective study included children aged 2-12 years diagnosed with acute URIs or LRIs in one of 180 pediatric practices in 2013, 2018, and 2022. The URIs included nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis and tracheitis, and upper respiratory infections of multiple and unspecified sites, while the LRIs corresponded to bronchitis. The primary outcomes were the proportion of children being prescribed antibiotics and the proportion of those being prescribed phytopharmaceuticals. : A total of 120,894 children were diagnosed with acute URIs or LRIs in 2013 compared to 116,844 in 2018 and 127,821 in 2022. The prevalence of antibiotic prescription decreased for all diagnoses between 2013 and 2022. This decrease was statistically significant for both 2013-2018 and 2018-2022 for nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, and bronchitis. Meanwhile, there was a significant increase in the use of phytopharmaceuticals for all diagnoses between 2013 and 2018. The prevalence of phytopharmaceutical prescription decreased slightly between 2018 and 2022, but this decrease was generally not statistically significant. : The prescription of antibiotics has decreased and that of phytopharmaceuticals has increased in children diagnosed with acute URIs and LRIs in Germany over the last decade. More data are needed to corroborate these findings in other settings.
PubMed: 37887192
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101491 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jan 1970
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Feline Panleukopenia; Pneumonia, Viral; Rabies; Rhinitis; Tracheitis; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 5462086
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2020Being a typical ground-breeding bird of the agricultural landscape in Germany, the pheasant has experienced a strong and persistent population decline with a hitherto...
Being a typical ground-breeding bird of the agricultural landscape in Germany, the pheasant has experienced a strong and persistent population decline with a hitherto unexplained cause. Contributing factors to the ongoing negative trend, such as the effects of pesticides, diseases, predation, increase in traffic and reduced fallow periods, are currently being controversially discussed. In the present study, 62 free-ranging pheasant chicks were caught within a two-year period in three federal states of Germany; Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein. The pheasant chicks were divided into three age groups to detect differences in their development and physical constitution. In addition, pathomorphological, parasitological, virological, bacteriological and toxicological investigations were performed. The younger chicks were emaciated, while the older chicks were of moderate to good nutritional status. However, the latter age group was limited to a maximum of three chicks per hen, while the youngest age class comprised up to ten chicks. The majority of chicks suffered from dermatitis of the periocular and caudal region of the head (57-94%) of unknown origin. In addition, intestinal enteritis (100%), pneumonia (26%), hepatitis (24%), perineuritis (6%), tracheitis (24%), muscle degeneration (1%) and myositis (1%) were found. In 78% of the cases, various Mycoplasma spp. were isolated. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) was not detected using an MG-specific PCR. Parasitic infections included Philopteridae (55%), Coccidia (48%), Heterakis/Ascaridia spp. (8%) and Syngamus trachea (13%). A total of 8% of the chicks were Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) positive using RT-PCR, 16% positive for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) using RT-PCR, and 2% positive for haemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) using PCR. All samples tested for avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) or infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) were negative. The pool samples of the ten chicks were negative for all acid, alkaline-free and derivative substances, while two out of three samples tested were positive for the herbicide glyphosate. Pheasant chick deaths may often have been triggered by poor nutritional status, probably in association with inflammatory changes in various tissues and organs as well as bacterial and parasitic pathogens. Theses impacts may have played a major role in the decline in pheasant populations.
Topics: Animals; Female; Galliformes; Germany; Health Status; Male; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 32544211
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234044 -
Veterinary World Jan 2021Since 2017, there have been epidemics with respiratory disorders in the laying hen farms in Algeria, as signs and lesions, respiratory difficulties, and hemorrhagic...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Since 2017, there have been epidemics with respiratory disorders in the laying hen farms in Algeria, as signs and lesions, respiratory difficulties, and hemorrhagic tracheitis, which closely like laryngotracheitis. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological, serological, and clinical indicators, as well as the risk factors, of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in layer hen flocks in Algeria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 1728 layer hens were sampled randomly from 48 poultry houses. Blood samples were collected from each hen at the wing vein area, and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was done using an IDvet kit.
RESULTS
The flocks showed 56.25% seroprevalence. Clinical signs and gross lesions of ILT suspect cases included respiratory signs characterized by hemorrhagic tracheitis and sinusitis; conjunctivitis; egg drop; and a low mortality rate varying from 5% to 20%. Statistical analyses showed the effect of risk factors on the seropositivity for ILT in 48 layer flocks. When the vaccination was not applied, flocks were significantly more seropositive by 54% (odds ratio OR=1.54, p=0.01) compared to vaccinated flocks. Furthermore, flocks with poor hygiene were more seropositive by 68% (OR=1.68, p=0.002) compared to those with good hygiene. Finally, flocks with decreased egg production between 10% and 30% were significantly more seropositive by 42% (OR=1.42, p=0.04) than those with egg production >30%.
CONCLUSION
The serological survey revealed anti-ILT virus antibodies, signifying the circulation of this virus in layer hen farms in Algeria. Correct vaccination protocol, strict biosecurity measures, rapid diagnosis, and detection of latent carriers are necessary to control and eradicate the disease from layer farms.
PubMed: 33642803
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.182-189 -
Virology Apr 2018Circumstantial evidence has linked a new group of nidoviruses with respiratory disease in pythons, lizards, and cattle. We conducted experimental infections in ball...
Circumstantial evidence has linked a new group of nidoviruses with respiratory disease in pythons, lizards, and cattle. We conducted experimental infections in ball pythons (Python regius) to test the hypothesis that ball python nidovirus (BPNV) infection results in respiratory disease. Three ball pythons were inoculated orally and intratracheally with cell culture isolated BPNV and two were sham inoculated. Antemortem choanal, oroesophageal, and cloacal swabs and postmortem tissues of infected snakes were positive for viral RNA, protein, and infectious virus by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, western blot and virus isolation. Clinical signs included oral mucosal reddening, abundant mucus secretions, open-mouthed breathing, and anorexia. Histologic lesions included chronic-active mucinous rhinitis, stomatitis, tracheitis, esophagitis and proliferative interstitial pneumonia. Control snakes remained negative and free of clinical signs throughout the experiment. Our findings establish a causal relationship between nidovirus infection and respiratory disease in ball pythons and shed light on disease progression and transmission.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Boidae; Cell Line; Male; Nidovirales; Nidovirales Infections; RNA, Viral; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 29329683
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.12.008 -
Frontiers in Surgery 2022To analyze and compare the efficacy and safety of simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulation radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT) combined with systematic and...
OBJECTIVE
To analyze and compare the efficacy and safety of simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulation radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT) combined with systematic and standardized management for esophageal cancer.
METHODS
From January 2012 to January 2019, 200 patients with esophageal cancer who received radical chemoradiotherapy in our hospital were treated with lymphatic drainage area radiation prevention combined with systematic and standardized management. According to difference in radiotherapy methods, the patients were divided into local lesion 92 patients treated with simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulation radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT) combined with systematic standardized management (SIB-IMRT group), and late course boost intensity-modulation radiation therapy (LCB-IMRT) combined with systematic standardized management 108 patients (LCB-IMRT group). The short-term eficacy of the two groups were compared. The dose volume parameters of the organ in danger are evaluated based on the dose volume histogram. The related adverse reactions during chemoradiotherapy were compared between two groups. The local control rate and survival rate were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
The recent total effective rates of rats in the SIB-IMRT group and LCB-IMRT group were 95.65% and 90.74%, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (> 0.05). The mean doses to left and right lung, heart and spinal cord in the SIB-IMRT group were significantly lower than that in the LCB-IMRT group (< 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions such as radiation esophagitis, radiation pneumonitis, radiation tracheitis, gastrointestinal reaction and bone marrow suppression between the SIB-IMRT group and LCB-IMRT groups (> 0.05). The one-year and three-year overall survival rates in the SIB-IMRT group and LCB-IMRT groups were 82.61%, 42.39% and 77.78%, 34.26%, respectively, and the median survival times were 38 and 29 months, respectively. The local control rates in the SIB-IMRT group and LCB-IMRT group in one and three years were 84.78%, 56.52% and 75.93%, 41.67%, respectively. The 3-year local control rate in the SIB-IMRT group was higher than that in the LCB-IMRT group (< 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the 1-and 3-year overall survival rates between the two groups (> 0.05).
CONCLUSION
SIB-IMRT combined with systematic and standardized management in the treatment of esophageal cancer can reduce the amount of some organs at risk and improve the local control rate of the lesion.
PubMed: 35677748
DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.905678 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jul 2022A free-ranging subadult, male green turtle () presented with radiographic evidence of pneumonia and died acutely. On necropsy, the trachea and bronchi were plugged by...
A free-ranging subadult, male green turtle () presented with radiographic evidence of pneumonia and died acutely. On necropsy, the trachea and bronchi were plugged by diphtheritic membranes, comprised of fibrin, necrotic debris, and colonies of bacilli, identified as . , typically considered an opportunistic plant pathogen, has rarely been described as causing disease in animals. This is the first report of causing severe necrotizing tracheitis and bronchopneumonia in a reptile.
PubMed: 35892541
DOI: 10.3390/ani12151891 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Aug 2018Acute croup is a common admitting diagnosis for pediatric patients. If a patient is not responding to medical management for presumed croup, the otolaryngology team is...
Acute croup is a common admitting diagnosis for pediatric patients. If a patient is not responding to medical management for presumed croup, the otolaryngology team is occasionally consulted for direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy (DLB) to rule out tracheitis or another airway pathology. We conducted a study to determine if inpatient DLB in acute croup is safe and efficacious and to correlate preoperative vital signs with intraoperative findings. We reviewed the charts of 521 patients with an admitting diagnosis of acute tracheitis, acute laryngotracheitis, or croup. Of this group, 18 patients-11 boys and 7 girls, aged 1 month to 3.3 years (mean: 1.3 yr)-had undergone inpatient DLB. Comorbidities, complications, and level of care were also analyzed. Five patients (28%) had gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD), and 4 had previously undergone intubation (22%). Eleven patients (61%) had concurrent airway pathology, 7 of whom (39%) required operative intervention. Preoperative mean body temperature and the increase in mean temperature were significantly higher in tracheitis patients than in the non-tracheitis patients. Preoperative change in respiratory rate was elevated when another airway pathology was present (p = 0.047). Only patients who were in the intensive care unit (ICU) preoperatively were intubated in the operating room, and only 1 patient required a postoperative escalation in the level of care. Our study found that performing inpatient DLB in patients hospitalized with croup is reasonably safe and provides a sufficient yield for identifying tracheitis or other airway pathology in selected populations. Preoperative vital signs can be suggestive of tracheitis or additional unexpected airway pathology. Recurrent croup, a history of GERD or previous intubation, and preoperative admission to the ICU increase the yield of DLB.
Topics: Bronchoscopy; Child, Preschool; Croup; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant; Laryngoscopy; Male; Patient Safety; Preoperative Care; Procedures and Techniques Utilization; Respiratory Tract Diseases
PubMed: 30138522
DOI: 10.1177/014556131809700805 -
Veterinary Sciences Mar 2022A 2-years-old Jersey breed cow showed severe respiratory distress and prolonged lateral recumbency about 1 week after parturition. The cow was regularly vaccinated...
A 2-years-old Jersey breed cow showed severe respiratory distress and prolonged lateral recumbency about 1 week after parturition. The cow was regularly vaccinated against the main respiratory pathogens and was given a calcium salt solution per os shortly after calving in order to prevent milk fever. Despite therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, the cow spontaneously died one week later and was necropsied. On gross examination, a severe, acute, diffuse fibrinonecrotic tracheitis was observed. In addition, the cranioventral portions of both lungs appeared firm and severely congested, while the pleural surface was covered by a discrete amount of fibrinous exudate. Microscopically, the following lesions were observed: tracheal hemorrhages, acute, fibrinonecrotic and suppurative tracheitis, pulmonary hemorrhages, fibrinous bronchopneumonia and fibrinous pleuritis. Noteworthy, multiple foci of mineralization were observed, scattered throughout the lung parenchyma and occasionally within the tracheal mucosa. The presence of calcium deposits was confirmed by means of Von Kossa staining method. Based on clinical history, clinical signs and pathological findings, aspiration pneumonia caused by the accidental inhalation of liquid calcium salt supplement was diagnosed. The present case report highlights the relevance of the staff training to optimize animal production and welfare.
PubMed: 35324856
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030128