-
Indian Journal of Public Health 1990
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Global Health; Humans; India
PubMed: 2102893
DOI: No ID Found -
The Western Journal of Medicine Jul 1988
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Humans
PubMed: 3407162
DOI: No ID Found -
Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) Apr 2007This historical review describes the evolution of the pathogenetic concepts associated with infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), with emphasis on the... (Review)
Review
This historical review describes the evolution of the pathogenetic concepts associated with infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), with emphasis on the pathology of the nervous system. Although the first descriptions of damage to the nervous system in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) only appeared in 1982, the dramatic diffusion of the epidemic worldwide and the invariably rapidly fatal outcome of the disease, before the introduction of efficient treatment, generated from the beginning an enormous amount of research with rethinking on a number of pathogenetic concepts. Less than 25 years after the first autopsy series of AIDS patients were published and the virus responsible for AIDS was identified, satisfactory definition and classification of a number of neuropathological complications of HIV infection have been established, leading to accurate clinical radiological and biological diagnosis of the main neurological complications of the disease, which remain a major cause of disability and death in AIDS patients. Clinical and experimental studies have provided essential insight into the pathogenesis of CNS lesions and natural history of the disease. The relatively recent introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1995-1996 has dramatically improved the course and prognosis of HIV disease. However, there remain a number of unsolved pathogenetic issues, the most puzzling of which remains the precise mechanism of neuronal damage underlying the specific HIV-related cognitive disorders (HIV dementia). In addition, although HAART has changed the course of neurological complications of HIV infection, new issues have emerged such as the lack of improvement or even paradoxical deterioration of the neurological status in treated patients. Interpretation of these latter data remains largely speculative partly because of the small number of neuropathological studies related to the beneficial consequence of this treatment.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Animals; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Central Nervous System; HIV; History, 20th Century; Humans; Neurology; Pathology, Clinical
PubMed: 17388950
DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00047.x -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... 2009HIV/AIDS has gained enormous proportion globally. In 2007, there were an estimated 33 million people living with HIV and an estimated 270,000 HIV infected children... (Review)
Review
HIV/AIDS has gained enormous proportion globally. In 2007, there were an estimated 33 million people living with HIV and an estimated 270,000 HIV infected children younger than 15 years died because of AIDS, HIV/AIDS can manifest in different forms and in present day scenario, it is imperative that dentists know its clinical presentation and management. Oral manifestations are one of the earliest indicators of HIV infection and progression in children, as in adults, although the specific manifestations differ between adults and children. The aim of this paper is to briefly review, on the basis of literature, the AIDS epidemiology, transmission, clinical course, oral manifestations and their management in children.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; HIV-1; Humans; Infant; Mouth Diseases
PubMed: 20297697
DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.34.2.m2055qnv417n51x5 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Dec 1990
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Canada; Female; Humans; Male; Women's Health
PubMed: 2224692
DOI: No ID Found -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Jun 2011June 2011 marks the 30th anniversary of the first description of what became known as HIV/AIDS, now one of history's worst pandemics. The basic public health tools of... (Review)
Review
June 2011 marks the 30th anniversary of the first description of what became known as HIV/AIDS, now one of history's worst pandemics. The basic public health tools of surveillance and epidemiologic investigation helped define the epidemic and led to initial prevention recommendations. Features of the epidemic, including the zoonotic origin of HIV and its spread through global travel, are central to the concept of emerging infectious diseases. As the epidemic expanded into developing countries, new models of global health and new global partnerships developed. Advocacy groups played a major role in mobilizing the response to the epidemic, having human rights as a central theme. Through the commitments of governments and private donors, modern HIV treatment has become available throughout the developing world. Although the end of the epidemic is not yet in sight and many challenges remain, the response has been remarkable and global health has changed for the better.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Human Rights; Humans; Population Surveillance; Public Health; Research
PubMed: 21749766
DOI: 10.3201/eid/1706.100184 -
Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 2021In the space of four decades, Brazil has faced two serious pandemics: human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and Coronavirus disease...
In the space of four decades, Brazil has faced two serious pandemics: human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The country's response to HIV/AIDS was coordinated by several stakeholders and recognised the importance of scientific evidence in guiding decision-making, and a network offering monitoring and antiretroviral treatment was provided through coordinated efforts by the country's universal health system. Conversely, the lack of a centrally coordinated strategy and misalignment between government ministries regarding the COVID-19 pandemic response, together with the denial of scientific evidence, promotion of ineffective treatments and insufficient vaccination efforts, have all led to the uncontrolled spread of infection, the near-total collapse of the health system and excess deaths.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Brazil; COVID-19; HIV Infections; Humans; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34190877
DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210071 -
Bulletin of the New York Academy of... 1988
Review
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Africa; Cultural Characteristics; Disease Outbreaks; Forecasting; HIV-1; Humans
PubMed: 3069166
DOI: No ID Found -
Culture, Health & Sexuality Apr 2011With the expansion of access to HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa, questions have emerged as to whether stigma remains a useful concept for...
With the expansion of access to HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa, questions have emerged as to whether stigma remains a useful concept for understanding the effects of AIDS. There is, however, a paucity of research on how HIV-positive Africans--especially African men--experience living with AIDS. This paper addresses this gap and draws on findings from ethnographic fieldwork in 2004 and 2009 with a support group for HIV-positive men in Kampala, Uganda. The paper demonstrates that stigma is central to how men in this context coped with HIV and AIDS and it provides a conceptual framework that links men's experiences of AIDS stigma to conceptions of masculinity. In so doing, findings highlight both the possibilities and challenges of involving African men more fully in HIV prevention.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Anthropology, Cultural; Cultural Competency; Gender Identity; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Masculinity; Prejudice; Psychometrics; Sex Factors; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires; Uganda; Urban Population
PubMed: 21246426
DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2010.542565 -
Thorax Oct 1989
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Africa; Europe; Humans; Lung Diseases; North America; Opportunistic Infections
PubMed: 2595618
DOI: 10.1136/thx.44.10.776