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Medical Anthropology Quarterly Jun 2021"End of AIDS" requires ambitious testing, treatment, and adherence benchmarks, like UNAIDS' "90-90-90 by 2020." Mozambique's efforts to improve essential maternal/infant...
"End of AIDS" requires ambitious testing, treatment, and adherence benchmarks, like UNAIDS' "90-90-90 by 2020." Mozambique's efforts to improve essential maternal/infant antiretroviral treatment (ART) exposes how austerity-related health system short-falls impede public HIV/AIDS service-delivery and hinder effective maternal ART and adherence. In therapeutic borderlands-where household impoverishment intersects with health-system impoverishment-HIV+ women and over-worked care-providers circumnavigate scarcity and stigma. Worrisome patterns of precarious use emerge-perinatal ART under-utilization, delayed initiation, intermittent adherence, and low retention. Ending HIV/AIDS requires ending austerity and reinvesting in a public sector health workforce to ensure universal health coverage as household and community safety nets.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Aged; Anthropology, Medical; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Middle Aged; Mozambique; Pregnancy; Universal Health Insurance; Young Adult
PubMed: 33029848
DOI: 10.1111/maq.12613 -
American Journal of Public Health Jan 1988White adolescents in San Francisco high schools were more knowledgeable than Black adolescents about the cause, transmission, and prevention of AIDS (acquired... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
White adolescents in San Francisco high schools were more knowledgeable than Black adolescents about the cause, transmission, and prevention of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), and Black adolescents were more knowledgeable than their Latino peers. Black and Latino adolescents were approximately twice as likely as White adolescents to have misconceptions about the casual transmission of AIDS. Less knowledge about AIDS and prevalent misconceptions were associated with greater levels of perceived risk of contracting AIDS.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Black or African American; Attitude to Health; California; Cognition; Ethnicity; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Male; Minority Groups
PubMed: 3337306
DOI: 10.2105/ajph.78.1.55 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Nov 2020
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Humans; Risk Factors; Sarcoma, Kaposi
PubMed: 35345155
DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2189_19 -
Journal of Neurovirology Aug 2008Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and illicit drug addiction remain major health problems not only in the United States but all over globe. The effect of drug... (Review)
Review
Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and illicit drug addiction remain major health problems not only in the United States but all over globe. The effect of drug addiction on HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) has been somewhat underexplored. However, in United States more than one fourth of HIV-positive individuals are injection drug users. Opiates are known to negatively affect the immune system, and therefore may have deleterious effects on progression of disease among HIV-infected individuals. This review discusses the effects of opiates on immune system as well as its effect on HIV replication and AIDS progression. In addition, the effects of opiates on disease progression in non-human primate model of AIDS is presented with at least one possible reason for rapid disease progression in multi-virus the challenge model.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Immune System; Narcotics; Opioid-Related Disorders; Primates
PubMed: 18780228
DOI: 10.1080/13550280802078209 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2018Given the challenges in exploring lifelong therapy with little side effect for human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study
Given the challenges in exploring lifelong therapy with little side effect for human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) cases, there is increasing interest in developing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments based on specific TCM syndrome. However, there are few objective and biological evidences for classification and diagnosis of HIV/AIDS TCM syndromes to date. In this study, iTRAQ-2DLC-MS/MS coupled with bioinformatics were firstly employed for comparative proteomic profiling of top popular TCM syndromes of HIV/AIDS: accumulation of heat-toxicity (AHT) and Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney (YDSK). It was found that for the two TCM syndromes, the identified differential expressed proteins (DEPs) as well as their biological function distributions and participation in signaling pathways were significantly different, providing biological evidence for the classification of HIV/AIDS TCM syndromes. Furthermore, the TCM syndrome-specific DEPs were confirmed as biomarkers based on western blot analyses, including FN1, GPX3, KRT10 for AHT and RBP4, ApoE, KNG1 for YDSK. These biomarkers also biologically linked with the specific TCM syndrome closely. Thus the clinical and biological basis for differentiation and diagnosis of HIV/AIDs TCM syndromes were provided for the first time, providing more opportunities for stable exertion and better application of TCM efficacy and superiority in HIV/AIDS treatment.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Biomarkers; Female; Humans; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Middle Aged; Proteomics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 29520099
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22611-3 -
Journal of the International AIDS... Feb 2018This commentary by authors from the Adolescent HIV Treatment Coalition calls for action to improve advocacy and service delivery for young people by leveraging the...
INTRODUCTION
This commentary by authors from the Adolescent HIV Treatment Coalition calls for action to improve advocacy and service delivery for young people by leveraging the interlinkages between HIV and the broader development agenda. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes target 3.3 on ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030, and along with the 2016 Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS, this has led to a global renewal of political commitment to the HIV response. However, young people are still being left behind, and to provide an equitable and sustainable response to HIV we must ensure that we are meeting the needs of the 3.9 million young people living with HIV, and the millions more at risk.
DISCUSSION
While HIV has its own target within the 2030 Agenda, efforts to end AIDS are inextricable from other goals and targets, such as on poverty eradication, education, gender equality and peace. To tackle HIV we must work beyond target 3.3 and provide a comprehensive response that addresses the underlying structural inequalities that impact adolescents and young people, ensuring that we enable the meaningful engagement of youth and adolescents as partners and leaders of sustainable development and the HIV response. Finally, it is necessary to collect better disaggregated data and evidence on the HIV epidemic among adolescents, as well as on best practices for supporting them.
CONCLUSIONS
Ending the AIDS epidemic among adolescents and young people (aged 10 to 24) by 2030 is possible. However, it requires an integrated, multi-sectoral response to HIV which pays attention to the social determinants that put adolescents at risk and fuel the epidemic. Positioning efforts to end AIDS among young people within the broader 2030 Agenda and building youth leadership will contribute to building a more healthy, equitable and sustainable society for all.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Epidemics; Female; Humans; Leadership; Male; Poverty; Sexual Behavior; Socioeconomic Factors; Sustainable Development; Young Adult
PubMed: 29485749
DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25061 -
Lancet (London, England) Jul 1996Within the global pandemic of HIV infection there are many different epidemics, each with its own dynamics and each influenced by many factors including time of... (Review)
Review
Within the global pandemic of HIV infection there are many different epidemics, each with its own dynamics and each influenced by many factors including time of introduction of the virus, population density, and cultural and social issues. Effective management strategies depend on knowledge of all these factors. By the year 2000, WHO projections are that 26 million persons will be infected with HIV, more than 90% of whom will be in developing countries. To control AIDS, countries must not only promote changes in individual behaviour but also address social issues such as unemployment, rapid urbanisation, migration, and the status of women.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Disease Outbreaks; Global Health; Humans; Molecular Epidemiology; Prevalence
PubMed: 8676726
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)01029-x -
Retrovirology Dec 2006Dr. Pedro Cahn, International AIDS Society (IAS) President and Mr. Craig McClure, IAS Executive Director, provide their thoughts and analysis on the current and future...
Dr. Pedro Cahn, International AIDS Society (IAS) President and Mr. Craig McClure, IAS Executive Director, provide their thoughts and analysis on the current and future role of the IAS as part of the global response to HIV/AIDS.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Biomedical Research; Congresses as Topic; Government; Health Policy; Humans; International Cooperation; Leadership; Organizations; Program Development; Public Policy; Societies, Scientific
PubMed: 17140432
DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-3-85 -
Journal of the National Medical... Jan 1988Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is perhaps the most serious communicable public-health disease of modern society. The human and societal devastation... (Review)
Review
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is perhaps the most serious communicable public-health disease of modern society. The human and societal devastation associated with this disease is tremendous. To date, a retrovirus (HTLV-III) has been implicated in the etiology of AIDS. There remains several critical questions, however, that only a more eclectic approach, certainly with a social science input, can more adequately address. Such questions have to deal with, for example, why are there differential out-comes regarding initiation, progress, and severity of AIDS?Realizing this need, this paper argues for the possible co-factor contribution of stress to host immune suppression and, ultimately, host susceptibility to the AIDS virus and its associated outcomes. A conceptual sociopsychophysiologic model of the entire stress process, ie, from onset, reaction up to and including effect, is presented and discussed. Within the context of the model, stress is viewed as a physiologic reaction and stressors are viewed as initiators of the stress process. The possible stress-AIDS experience is discussed using the model as a conceptual guiding tool. The paper concludes with the need for health educators to educate the general public, at-risk groups, and the medical and associated professions about the nature of stress, or in short, how best to cope with and manage stress within the context of available resources.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Models, Psychological; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 3276905
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Infection and Public Health 2018In contrast to most regions of the world where a decline of the HIV epidemic can be seen, data from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region suggests increasing...
BACKGROUND
In contrast to most regions of the world where a decline of the HIV epidemic can be seen, data from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region suggests increasing incidence among key populations in the region. Accurate data collection has long been limited by social, cultural, and religious taboos. Understanding knowledge levels and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS is an important component to design adequate and culturally appropriate awareness and prevention programs.
METHODS
A survey was conducted including 3841 participants during a series of public HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns from 2013 to 2015 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed a questionnaire including socio-demographic data, and questions around knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS. A knowledge score was created. Frequencies were calculated for all variables, mean knowledge scores were compared using non-parametric tests. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-squared test. The mean knowledge score was 5.2 out of 9 possible points. Respondents in the age class 19-25, respondents with university degrees, and those who know people living with HIV/AIDS had higher scores. Overall the attitude toward people living with HIV/AIDS was negative, more than 40% suggested that HIV positive people should be isolated and less than 20% would support a marriage with an HIV positive person. Negative attitudes were more common among people in older age groups, with a lower educational background, and respondents that did not know anyone living with HIV/AIDS.
CONCLUSION
Knowledge gaps and negative attitudes of the general public toward people living with HIV/AIDS have been identified and can be used to tailor educational campaigns in Saudi Arabia.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Education; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Saudi Arabia; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 28579268
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.04.005