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British Medical Journal (Clinical... Dec 1985
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Deltaretrovirus; Female; Humans; Macaca; Male; Prognosis
PubMed: 3000502
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.291.6509.1630 -
Trends in Genetics : TIG Mar 2010Twenty-five years after the discovery of HIV as the cause of AIDS there is still no effective vaccine and no cure for this disease. HIV susceptibility shows a... (Review)
Review
Twenty-five years after the discovery of HIV as the cause of AIDS there is still no effective vaccine and no cure for this disease. HIV susceptibility shows a substantial degree of individual heterogeneity, much of which can be conferred by host genetic variation. In an effort to discover host factors required for HIV replication, identify crucial pathogenic pathways, and reveal the full armament of host defenses, there has been a shift from candidate-gene studies to unbiased genome-wide genetic and functional studies. However, the number of securely identified host factors involved in HIV disease remains small, explaining only approximately 15-20% of the observed heterogeneity - most of which is attributable to human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) variants. Multidisciplinary approaches integrating genetic epidemiology to systems biology will be required to fully understand virus-host interactions to effectively combat HIV/AIDS.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Association Study; HIV; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans
PubMed: 20149939
DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2010.01.002 -
Cadernos de Saude Publica 2000This paper discusses methodologies for analyzing relations between social inequalities, marginalization, prejudice, and vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, highlighting current... (Review)
Review
This paper discusses methodologies for analyzing relations between social inequalities, marginalization, prejudice, and vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, highlighting current difficulties and alternative research strategies. It also reviews the international and Brazilian literature, emphasizing: economic and macropolitical dimensions in the spread of HIV/AIDS; the role of drug policies and consumption; gender inequalities and prejudice; racial/ethnic inequalities and prejudice; and interaction with other STIs and their relationship to poverty; HIV/AIDS and health care standards, especially access to antiretroviral therapy; and human rights violations. Despite current methodological dilemmas in analyzing relations between psychosocial, cultural, and sociopolitical variables and vulnerability to HIV/AIDS and the limited Brazil literature, such themes merit further investigation, addressing Brazilian social and cultural specificities and profiting from recently developed research strategies.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Human Rights; Humans; Poverty; Prejudice; Social Conditions
PubMed: 10904390
DOI: No ID Found -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Nov 2020
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Humans; Risk Factors; Sarcoma, Kaposi
PubMed: 35345155
DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2189_19 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2018Given the challenges in exploring lifelong therapy with little side effect for human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study
Given the challenges in exploring lifelong therapy with little side effect for human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) cases, there is increasing interest in developing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments based on specific TCM syndrome. However, there are few objective and biological evidences for classification and diagnosis of HIV/AIDS TCM syndromes to date. In this study, iTRAQ-2DLC-MS/MS coupled with bioinformatics were firstly employed for comparative proteomic profiling of top popular TCM syndromes of HIV/AIDS: accumulation of heat-toxicity (AHT) and Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney (YDSK). It was found that for the two TCM syndromes, the identified differential expressed proteins (DEPs) as well as their biological function distributions and participation in signaling pathways were significantly different, providing biological evidence for the classification of HIV/AIDS TCM syndromes. Furthermore, the TCM syndrome-specific DEPs were confirmed as biomarkers based on western blot analyses, including FN1, GPX3, KRT10 for AHT and RBP4, ApoE, KNG1 for YDSK. These biomarkers also biologically linked with the specific TCM syndrome closely. Thus the clinical and biological basis for differentiation and diagnosis of HIV/AIDs TCM syndromes were provided for the first time, providing more opportunities for stable exertion and better application of TCM efficacy and superiority in HIV/AIDS treatment.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Biomarkers; Female; Humans; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Middle Aged; Proteomics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 29520099
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22611-3 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Nov 1991
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Male; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 1747606
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.303.6811.1150 -
Bulletin of the World Health... 1987
Review
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Vaccination; World Health Organization
PubMed: 3319268
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicina 2021
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Humans
PubMed: 34453814
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Infection and Public Health 2018In contrast to most regions of the world where a decline of the HIV epidemic can be seen, data from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region suggests increasing...
BACKGROUND
In contrast to most regions of the world where a decline of the HIV epidemic can be seen, data from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region suggests increasing incidence among key populations in the region. Accurate data collection has long been limited by social, cultural, and religious taboos. Understanding knowledge levels and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS is an important component to design adequate and culturally appropriate awareness and prevention programs.
METHODS
A survey was conducted including 3841 participants during a series of public HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns from 2013 to 2015 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed a questionnaire including socio-demographic data, and questions around knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS. A knowledge score was created. Frequencies were calculated for all variables, mean knowledge scores were compared using non-parametric tests. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-squared test. The mean knowledge score was 5.2 out of 9 possible points. Respondents in the age class 19-25, respondents with university degrees, and those who know people living with HIV/AIDS had higher scores. Overall the attitude toward people living with HIV/AIDS was negative, more than 40% suggested that HIV positive people should be isolated and less than 20% would support a marriage with an HIV positive person. Negative attitudes were more common among people in older age groups, with a lower educational background, and respondents that did not know anyone living with HIV/AIDS.
CONCLUSION
Knowledge gaps and negative attitudes of the general public toward people living with HIV/AIDS have been identified and can be used to tailor educational campaigns in Saudi Arabia.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Education; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Saudi Arabia; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 28579268
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.04.005 -
American Journal of Public Health Apr 1988Published reports describing behavioral changes in response to the threat of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) are reviewed. These studies demonstrate rapid,... (Review)
Review
Published reports describing behavioral changes in response to the threat of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) are reviewed. These studies demonstrate rapid, profound, but expectably incomplete alterations in the behavior of both homosexual/bisexual males and intravenous drug users. This is true in the highest risk metropolitan areas such as New York City and in areas with lower AIDS incidence. Risk reduction is occurring more frequently through the modification of sexual or drug-use behavior than through its elimination. In contrast to aggregate data, longitudinal descriptions of individual behavior demonstrate considerable instability or recidivism. Behavioral change in the potentially vulnerable heterosexual adolescent and young adult populations is less common, as is risk reduction among urban minorities. Reports of AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes generally parallel the pattern of behavioral changes. Nonetheless, few studies investigate the relationship of knowledge and attitudes to risk reduction. Future studies should provide much-needed information about the determinants as well as the magnitude of behavioral changes required to reduce the further spread of AIDS.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Attitude to Health; Behavior; Behavioral Research; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Information Dissemination; New York City; Risk Factors; Sexual Behavior; Substance-Related Disorders; United Kingdom; United States
PubMed: 3279837
DOI: 10.2105/ajph.78.4.394