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Frontiers in Public Health 2023Spraying is a common way to distribute occupational products, but it puts worker's health at risk by exposing them to potentially harmful particles and gases. The...
Spraying is a common way to distribute occupational products, but it puts worker's health at risk by exposing them to potentially harmful particles and gases. The objective of this study is to use time-resolved measurements to gain an understanding of spray applications at the process level and to compare them to predictions of exposure models. We used proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) at 1-s time resolution to monitor the gas phase concentration of the solvents acetone, ethanol, butyl acetate, xylene and 1-methoxy-2-propy acetate during outdoor spraying and indoor drying of metal plate under various conditions of outdoor air supply. We found that during spraying, gas-phase exposure was dominated by the more volatile solvents acetone and ethanol, which exhibited strong concentration variations due to the outdoor winds. During drying, exposure strongly depended on the strength of ventilation. Under conditions with high supply of outdoor air, our measurements show a near-exponential decay of the solvent concentrations during drying. Conversely, under conditions without outdoor air supply, the drying process required hours, during which the less volatile solvents passed through a concentration maximum in the gas phase, so that the exposure during drying exceeded the exposure during spraying. The concentrations measured during spraying were then compared for each of the substances individually with the predictions of the exposure models ECETOC TRA, Stoffenmanager, and ART using TREXMO. For these conditions, ECETOC TRA and Stoffenmanager predicted exposures in the measured concentration range, albeit not conservative for all solvents and each application. In contrast, ART largely overestimated the exposure for the more volatile solvents acetone and ethanol and slightly underestimated exposure to 1M2PA for one spraying. ECETOC TRA and ART do not have options to predict exposure during drying. Stoffenmanager has the option to predict drying together with spraying, but not to predict the drying phase independently. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering both the spray cloud and solvent evaporation during the drying process. To improve workplace safety, there is a critical need for enhanced exposure models and comprehensive datasets for calibration and validation covering a broader range of exposure situations.
Topics: Protons; Acetone; Mass Spectrometry; Paint; Solvents; Ethanol
PubMed: 38283293
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1327187 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022This work presents an effective and fast procedure to valorize the main waste produced from the biodiesel industry, i.e., the glycerol. The acetalization of glycerol...
This work presents an effective and fast procedure to valorize the main waste produced from the biodiesel industry, i.e., the glycerol. The acetalization of glycerol with acetone represents an effective strategy to produce the valuable solketal, a fuel additive component. In this work, the catalytic efficiency of different commercial heteropolyacids (HPAas) was compared under a solvent-free system. The HPAs used were H3[PW12O40] (PW12), H3[PMo12O40] (PMo12) and H4[SiW12O40] (SiW12). The influence of reactional parameters such as reactants stoichiometry, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature were investigated in order to optimize experimental conditions to increase cost-efficiency and sustainability. HPAs demonstrated to be highly efficient for this type of reaction, presenting a high and fast glycerol conversion, with high selectivity to solketal under sustainable conditions (solvent-free system and room temperature medium). The activity of HPAs using 3% to glycerol weight and a glycerol/acetone ratio of 1:15 followed the order: PW12 (99.2%) > PMo12 (91.4%) > SiW12 (90.7%) as a result of the strong acidic sites after 5 min. In fact, only 5 min of reaction were needed to achieve 97% of solketal product in the presence of the PW12 as a catalyst. This last system presents an effective, selective and sustainable catalytic system to valorize glycerol.
Topics: Acetone; Biofuels; Catalysis; Glycerol; Solvents
PubMed: 36235109
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196573 -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Jan 2021The chemical background of olfactory perception has been subject of intensive research, but no available model can fully explain the sense of smell. There are also...
The chemical background of olfactory perception has been subject of intensive research, but no available model can fully explain the sense of smell. There are also inconsistent results on the role of the isotopology of molecules. In experiments with human subjects it was found that the isotope effect is weak with acetone and D -acetone. In contrast, clear differences were observed in the perception of octanoic acid and D -octanoic acid. Furthermore, a trained sniffer dog was initially able to distinguish between these isotopologues of octanoic acid. In chromatographic measurements, the respective deuterated molecule showed weaker interaction with a non-polar liquid phase. Quantum chemical calculations give evidence that deuterated octanoic acid binds more strongly to a model receptor than non-deuterated. In contrast, the binding of the non-deuterated molecule is stronger with acetone. The isotope effect is calculated in the framework of statistical mechanics. It results from a complicated interplay between various thermostatistical contributions to the non-covalent free binding energies and it turns out to be very molecule-specific. The vibrational terms including non-classical zero-point energies play about the same role as rotational/translational contributions and are larger than bond length effects for the differential isotope perception of odor for which general rules cannot be derived.
Topics: Acetone; Animals; Caprylates; Deuterium; Dogs; Odorants; Olfactory Perception; Organic Chemicals; Smell; Working Dogs
PubMed: 33058253
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003754 -
Archives of Razi Institute Apr 2022The current study aimed to investigate the neuropharmacological properties of ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate leaf extracts of () in mouse models. The...
The current study aimed to investigate the neuropharmacological properties of ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate leaf extracts of () in mouse models. The neuropharmacological properties of this plant were studied on Swiss albino mice at dosages of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight in thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time test, and at dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight in other tests. The extracts caused a marked reduction in the initiation and sleep length (<0.05) in studies on thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time at dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg and a significant decrease (<0.05) was found in terms of unconstrained locomotor and explorative activities in both hole crossing and open field tests at dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg. Furthermore, the extracts increased sleeping time with a dosage-dependent onset of action. The hole-board test extracts also reduced the number of head dips at dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg (<0.05). It was found in this study that had the best neuropharmacological properties at a dosage of 200 ml/kg. Our findings also showed that all of the extracts from were experimentally active in an model. The study results suggested that the leaves had strong anti-depressant and hypnotic CNS properties that might be exploited for neuropharmacological adjuvant therapy in conventional medicine. However, pharmacological studies are warranted to explore the active substances and the mode of action.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Rubiaceae; Plant Extracts; Thiopental; Acetone; Behavior, Animal; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Ethanol; Body Weight
PubMed: 36284956
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2021.356880.1937 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2018Measurement of blood-borne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) occurring in human exhaled breath as a result of metabolic changes or pathological disorders is a promising... (Review)
Review
Measurement of blood-borne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) occurring in human exhaled breath as a result of metabolic changes or pathological disorders is a promising tool for noninvasive medical diagnosis, such as exhaled acetone measurements in terms of diabetes monitoring. The conventional methods for exhaled breath analysis are based on spectrometry techniques, however, the development of gas sensors has made them more and more attractive from a medical point of view. This review focuses on the latest achievements in gas sensors for exhaled acetone detection. Several different methods and techniques are presented and discussed as well.
Topics: Acetone; Breath Tests; Diabetes Mellitus; Exhalation; Humans; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 30012960
DOI: 10.3390/s18072298 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Here, we report the synthesis of the WS nanorods (NRs) using an eco-friendly and facile hydrothermal method for an acetone-sensing application. This study explores the...
Here, we report the synthesis of the WS nanorods (NRs) using an eco-friendly and facile hydrothermal method for an acetone-sensing application. This study explores the acetone gas-sensing characteristics of the WS nanorod sensor for 5, 10, and 15 ppm concentrations at 25 °C, 50 °C, 75 °C, and 100 °C. The WS nanorod sensor shows the highest sensitivity of 94.5% at 100 °C for the 15 ppm acetone concentration. The WS nanorod sensor also reveals the outstanding selectivity of acetone compared to other gases, such as ammonia, ethanol, acetaldehyde, methanol, and xylene at 100 °C with a 15 ppm concentration. The estimated selectivity coefficient indicates that the selectivity of the WS nanorod acetone sensor is 7.1, 4.5, 3.7, 2.9, and 2.0 times higher than xylene, acetaldehyde, ammonia, methanol, and ethanol, respectively. In addition, the WS nanorod sensor also divulges remarkable stability of 98.5% during the 20 days of study. Therefore, it is concluded that the WS nanorod can be an excellent nanomaterial for developing acetone sensors for monitoring work/public places.
Topics: Acetone; Ammonia; Xylenes; Methanol; Nanotubes; Gases; Ethanol; Acetaldehyde
PubMed: 36433205
DOI: 10.3390/s22228609 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022Microwave sensors are principally sensitive to effective permittivity, and hence not selective to a specific material under test (MUT). In this work, a highly compact...
Microwave sensors are principally sensitive to effective permittivity, and hence not selective to a specific material under test (MUT). In this work, a highly compact microwave planar sensor based on zeroth-order resonance is designed to operate at three distant frequencies of 3.5, 4.3, and 5 GHz, with the size of only λg-min/8 per resonator. This resonator is deployed to characterize liquid mixtures with one desired MUT (here water) combined with an interfering material (e.g., methanol, ethanol, or acetone) with various concentrations (0%:10%:100%). To achieve a sensor with selectivity to water, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to recognize different concentrations of water regardless of the host medium. To obtain a high accuracy of this classification, Style-GAN is utilized to generate a reliable sensor response for concentrations between water and the host medium (methanol, ethanol, and acetone). A high accuracy of 90.7% is achieved using CNN for selectively discriminating water concentrations.
Topics: Acetone; Ethanol; Machine Learning; Methanol; Microwaves; Water
PubMed: 35891042
DOI: 10.3390/s22145362 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A Aug 20221,2,4-Trioxolanes, known as secondary ozonides (SOZs), are key products of ozonolysis of biogenic terpenoids. Functionalized terpenoid-derived SOZs are readily taken up...
1,2,4-Trioxolanes, known as secondary ozonides (SOZs), are key products of ozonolysis of biogenic terpenoids. Functionalized terpenoid-derived SOZs are readily taken up into atmospheric aerosols; however, their condensed-phase fates remain unknown. Here, we report the results of a time-dependent mass spectrometric investigation into the liquid-phase fates of C and C SOZs synthesized by ozonolysis of a C monoterpene alcohol (α-terpineol) in water:acetone (1:1 = vol:vol) mixtures. Isomerization of Criegee intermediates and bimolecular reaction of Criegee intermediates with acetone produced C and C SOZs, respectively, which were detected as their Na-adducts by positive-ion electrospray mass spectrometry. Use of CDCOCD, DO, and HO solvents enabled identification of three types of C SOZs (aldehyde, ketone, and lactol) and other products. These SOZs were surprisingly stable in water:acetone (1:1) mixtures at = 298 K, with some persisting for at least a week. Theoretical calculations supported the high stability of the lactol-type C SOZ formed from the aldehyde-type C SOZ via intramolecular rearrangement. The present results suggest that terpenoid-derived SOZs can persist in atmospheric condensed phases, potentially until they are delivered to the epithelial lining fluid of the pulmonary alveoli via inhaled particulate matter, where they may exert hitherto unrecognized adverse health effects.
Topics: Acetone; Aldehydes; Heterocyclic Compounds; Ozone; Terpenes; Water
PubMed: 35921086
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04077 -
PloS One 2021Administration of defined amounts of bioactive substances is a perseverative problem in physiological studies on insects. Apart from feeding and injection, topical...
Administration of defined amounts of bioactive substances is a perseverative problem in physiological studies on insects. Apart from feeding and injection, topical application of solutions of the chemicals is most commonly used for this purpose. The solvents used should be non-toxic and have least possible effects on the studied parameters. Acetone is widely used for administration of chemical substances to insects, but possible side-effects of acetone application on fitness and behavioral parameters have been rarely investigated. Here we study the effects of acetone application (207 nl) on fitness and sexual communication in the parasitic wasp Nasonia giraulti Darling. Application of acetone had neither negative effects on longevity nor on offspring number and offspring sex ratio of treated wasps. Treatment of females hampered courtship and mating of N. giraulti couples neither directly after application nor one day after. Male sex pheromone titers were not influenced by acetone treatment. Three application examples demonstrate that topical acetone application is capable of bringing active amounts of insect hormones, neuromodulators, and biosynthetic precursors even in tiny insects. We advocate the use of acetone as a convenient, conservative, and broadly applicable vehicle for studying the effects of bioactive substances in insects.
Topics: Acetone; Animals; Female; Longevity; Male; Sex Attractants; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Wasps
PubMed: 33471848
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245698 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2022Several studies highlighted a correlation between exhaled air volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and some pathological conditions, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD),...
Several studies highlighted a correlation between exhaled air volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and some pathological conditions, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic liver disease, etc. In fact, in literature has been reported that CKD is characterized by an increased concentration of ammonia, trimethylamine (TMA) and isoprene compared to healthy subjects. Currently, there is not a validate and standardized method to detect VOCs. For this purpose, we examined the utility of selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) to measure VOCs in CKD patients and we evaluated the possible correlation between VOCs and the presence of CKD and its stage. We enrolled 68 CKD patients under conservative therapy and 54 healthy subjects. The analysis of the VOCs of the exhaled air of the enrolled subjects was performed by SIFT-MS. Among all the VOCs analyzed, the most relevant results by ROC curves were observed for TMA, acetone, ammonia and dimethyl sulfide. We found that a breath TMA concentration superior to 26 ppbv characterizes a 6.11 times greater risk of CKD, compared to subjects with lower levels. Moreover, we detected an increased concentration of acetone and ammonia in CKD patients compared to healthy subjects. We highlight the potential utility of SIFT-MS in CKD clinical management.Clinical trial registry: R.S. 15.19 of 6 February 2019.
Topics: Acetone; Ammonia; Breath Tests; Humans; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 35729207
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14152-7