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British Medical Journal Aug 1961
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Child; Humans; Infant; Intussusception; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 13703619
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5250.495 -
Viruses Sep 2020Virus-host cell interactions include several skirmishes between the virus and its host, and the DNA damage response (DDR) network is one of their important... (Review)
Review
Virus-host cell interactions include several skirmishes between the virus and its host, and the DNA damage response (DDR) network is one of their important battlegrounds. Although some aspects of the DDR are exploited by adenovirus (Ad) to improve virus replication, especially at the early phase of infection, a large body of evidence demonstrates that Ad devotes many of its proteins, including E1B-55K, E4orf3, E4orf4, E4orf6, and core protein VII, and utilizes varied mechanisms to inhibit the DDR. These findings indicate that the DDR would strongly restrict Ad replication if allowed to function efficiently. Various Ad serotypes inactivate DNA damage sensors, including the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex, DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). As a result, these viruses inhibit signaling via DDR transducers, such as the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR) kinases, to downstream effectors. The different Ad serotypes utilize both shared and distinct mechanisms to inhibit various branches of the DDR. The aim of this review is to understand the interactions between Ad proteins and the DDR and to appreciate how these interactions contribute to viral replication.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; DNA Damage; Humans; Signal Transduction; Virus Replication
PubMed: 32906746
DOI: 10.3390/v12090996 -
Journal of Korean Medical Science Oct 2017We investigated the adenoviral etiology and seasonal epidemic trends in intussusception and each adenoviral subgroup. Also we confirmed whether we can use the adenovirus...
We investigated the adenoviral etiology and seasonal epidemic trends in intussusception and each adenoviral subgroup. Also we confirmed whether we can use the adenovirus data of Acute Infectious Agents Laboratory Surveillance Report (AIALSR) as an epidemic predictor of intussusception. Patients with intussusception (n = 126), < 5 years old, were enrolled and matched by age and sex with controls suffering acute gastroenteritis without intussusception (n = 106), all recruited at 8 centers. All fecal specimens were assayed for adenovirus, including subgroups A, B, C, E, and F, with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Adenovirus was detected in 53 cases and 13 controls (P < 0.001). Nonenteric adenoviruses (NEAds) were detected in 51 cases and four controls (P < 0.001). We used Spearman's correlation analysis to analyze the incidence of intussusception and adenoviral epidemic trends, and compared them with fecal and respiratory adenoviral epidemic trends in the AIALSR. The trend of intussusception correlated with total NEAds (r = 0.635; P = 0.011), as did the fecal AIALSR adenovirus trends (r = 0.572; P = 0.026). Among the NEAd subgroups, subgroup C was dominant (P < 0.001), but subgroups B (P = 0.007) and E (P = 0.013) were also significant to intussusception. However, only subgroup C showed a significant epidemic correlation (r = 0.776; P = 0.001) with intussusception. Not respiratory but fecal AIALSR adenovirus trends correlated with the incidence of NEAds and intussusception. We suggest the possibility of using fecal AIALSR adenovirus data as an approximate epidemic predictor of intussusception.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Case-Control Studies; Child, Preschool; DNA, Viral; Epidemics; Feces; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Intussusception; Male; Republic of Korea; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Seasons
PubMed: 28875609
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.10.1647 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) was first reported in Angara Goth, Pakistan, in 1987. For this reason, it is also known as "Angara disease." It was later reported in China,... (Review)
Review
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) was first reported in Angara Goth, Pakistan, in 1987. For this reason, it is also known as "Angara disease." It was later reported in China, Japan, South Korea, India, the United States, Canada, and other countries and regions, causing huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Notably, since June 2015, a natural outbreak of severe hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS), associated with a hypervirulent novel genotype FAdV-4 infection, has emerged in most provinces of China. The novel virus FAdV-4 spread rapidly and induced a 30-100% mortality rate, causing huge economic losses and threatening the green and healthy poultry breeding industry. Vaccines against FAdV-4, especially the emerging novel genotype, play a critical role and will be the most efficient tool for preventing and controlling HHS. Various types of FAdV-4 vaccines have been developed and evaluated, such as inactivated, live-attenuated, subunit, and combined vaccines. They have made great contributions to the control of HHS, but the details of cross-protection within FAdVs and the immunogenicity of different vaccines require further investigation. This review highlights the recent advances in developing the FAdV-4 vaccine and promising new vaccines for future research.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Aviadenovirus; Chickens; Genotype; Poultry Diseases; Vaccine Development; Viral Vaccines
PubMed: 35669788
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916290 -
Journal of Virology Mar 2022Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients are at risk for substantial morbidity and mortality from human adenovirus infections, often in the setting of reactivation...
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients are at risk for substantial morbidity and mortality from human adenovirus infections, often in the setting of reactivation of persistent virus. Human adenovirus persistence in mucosal lymphocytes has been described, but specific cellular reservoirs of persistence and effects of persistence on host responses to unrelated stimuli are not completely understood. We used mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) to characterize persistence of an adenovirus in its natural host and test the hypothesis that persistence increases complications of BMT. Following intranasal infection of C57BL/6J mice, MAV-1 DNA was detected in lung, mediastinal lymph nodes, and liver during acute infection at 7 days postinfection (dpi), and at lower levels at 28 dpi that remained stable through 150 dpi. Expression of early and late viral transcripts was detected in those organs at 7 dpi but not at later time points. MAV-1 persistence was not affected by deficiency of IFN-γ. We detected no evidence of MAV-1 reactivation following allogeneic BMT of persistently infected mice. Persistent infection did not substantially affect mortality, weight loss, or pulmonary inflammation following BMT. However, T cell infiltration and increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines consistent with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were more pronounced in livers of persistently infected BMT mice than in uninfected BMT mice. These results suggest that MAV-1 persists in multiple sites without detectable evidence of ongoing replication. Our results indicate that MAV-1 persistence alters host responses to an unrelated challenge, even in the absence of detectable reactivation. Long-term persistence in an infected host is an essential step in the life cycle of DNA viruses. Adenoviruses persist in their host following acute infection, but the nature of adenovirus persistence remains incompletely understood. Following intranasal infection of mice, we found that MAV-1 persists for a prolonged period in multiple organs, although we did not detect evidence of ongoing replication. Because BMT recipients are at risk for substantial morbidity and mortality from human adenovirus infections, often in the setting of reactivation of persistent virus in the recipient, we extended our findings using MAV-1 infection in a mouse model of BMT. MAV-1 persistence exacerbated GVHD-like inflammation following allogeneic BMT, even in the absence of virus reactivation. This novel finding suggests that adenovirus persistence has consequences, and it highlights the potential for a persistent adenovirus to influence host responses to unrelated challenges.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Adenovirus Infections, Human; Animals; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Graft vs Host Disease; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 35045262
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01706-21 -
Postepy Higieny I Medycyny... Sep 2013Human adenoviruses belong to the Adenoviridae family and they are divided into seven species, including 56 types. Adenoviruses are common opportunistic pathogens that... (Review)
Review
Human adenoviruses belong to the Adenoviridae family and they are divided into seven species, including 56 types. Adenoviruses are common opportunistic pathogens that are rarely associated with clinical symptoms in immunocompetent patients. However, they are emerging pathogens causing morbidity and mortality in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplants, HIV infected patients and patients with primary immune deficiencies. Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic viraemia to respiratory and gastrointestinal disease, haemorrhagic cystitis and severe disseminated illness. There is currently no formally approved therapy for the treatment of adenovirus infections. This article presents current knowledge about adenoviruses, their pathogenicity and information about available methods to diagnose and treat adenoviral infections.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; HIV Infections; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Organ Transplantation
PubMed: 24088540
DOI: 10.5604/17322693.1066199 -
Poultry Science Nov 2020Outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and adenoviral gizzard erosion have been anecdotally reported in Greece since approximately 2011. However, a relevant...
Outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and adenoviral gizzard erosion have been anecdotally reported in Greece since approximately 2011. However, a relevant increase in clinical outbreaks compatible with IBH has been described since 2014. Unfortunately, with limited exceptions, only serological assays were performed, and involved strains were not properly characterized. In the present study, 35 outbreaks were investigated in the period between July 2017 and February 2018 in Greece. In addition to clinical and histopathological diagnosis, fowl adenovirus (FAdV) presence was investigated by PCR and sequencing. Thirty-four out of 35 samples tested FAdV positive. Twenty-nine (85.29%) and 5 (14.71%) strains were classified as FAdV-E and FAdV-D, respectively. Fowl adenovirus-E strains were genetically homogeneous and formed an independent cluster of Greek-only sequences, including the sole previously available sequence, suggesting the prolonged circulation of this species in Greece. On the contrary, FAdV-D strains were more heterogeneous and closely related to strains sampled in other European countries, testifying the occurrence of multiple introduction events. The evaluation of phylogenetic relationships, geographic clustering, age of infection, and origin of the broiler breeder flocks suggests that both vertical and horizontal transmission are important in FAdV epidemiology in Greece and highlights the limited efficacy of currently implemented control measures. Of note, a significantly higher mortality was observed in precociously infected flocks, likely because of the higher susceptibility of younger animals. This evidence stresses the need of preventing vertical and/or early infection to limit the economic impact of adenovirus-induced diseases.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Aviadenovirus; Chickens; Europe; Greece; Molecular Epidemiology; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 33142516
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.019 -
Open Veterinary Journal 2021Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is a double-stranded DNA virus with a non-enveloped structure comprising three major proteins known as hexon, penton, and fiber. Molecular... (Review)
Review
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is a double-stranded DNA virus with a non-enveloped structure comprising three major proteins known as hexon, penton, and fiber. Molecular analysis which emphasizes on hexon and fiber proteins is currently the major focus of curiosity for FAdV antigenicity and pathogenicity. Recently, disease outbreaks associated with FAdV infections such as inclusion body hepatitis, hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome, and gizzard erosion, were commonly reported and continue to increase worldwide. Studies on the virulence gene of the virus were intensively conducted to provide a better understanding on the role of these major capsid proteins in the development of a safe and effective vaccine against the disease in the poultry industry. This paper highlights the variations of the fiber and hexon genes, their importance in genotypes and serotypes differentiation, and infectivity between FAdV strains. It appears that the L1 loop of hexon and the knob of fiber genes are the infectivity markers for FAdV infection. The fiber-2 protein plays a major role in FAdV pathogenicity than the hexon protein, while the fiber-1 protein is important for viral replication and assembly, regardless of virulence capability instead of infectivity. The hexon protein plays a major role in virus infectivity and tissue tropism. These findings could further enhance the knowledge of FAdV strains' classification and evolution, diagnosis, and strategies to prevent and control FAdV infection and outbreaks in chicken farms.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Aviadenovirus; Chickens; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 35070851
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.6 -
Journal of Virology Feb 2015Adenovirus vectors are widely used as vaccine candidates for a variety of pathogens, including HIV-1. To date, human and chimpanzee adenoviruses have been explored in...
UNLABELLED
Adenovirus vectors are widely used as vaccine candidates for a variety of pathogens, including HIV-1. To date, human and chimpanzee adenoviruses have been explored in detail as vaccine vectors. The phylogeny of human and chimpanzee adenoviruses is overlapping, and preexisting humoral and cellular immunity to both are exhibited in human populations worldwide. More distantly related adenoviruses may therefore offer advantages as vaccine vectors. Here we describe the primary isolation and vectorization of three novel adenoviruses from rhesus monkeys. The seroprevalence of these novel rhesus monkey adenovirus vectors was extremely low in sub-Saharan Africa human populations, and these vectors proved to have immunogenicity comparable to that of human and chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine vectors in mice. These rhesus monkey adenoviruses phylogenetically clustered with the poorly described adenovirus species G and robustly stimulated innate immune responses. These novel adenoviruses represent a new class of candidate vaccine vectors.
IMPORTANCE
Although there have been substantial efforts in the development of vaccine vectors from human and chimpanzee adenoviruses, far less is known about rhesus monkey adenoviruses. In this report, we describe the isolation and vectorization of three novel rhesus monkey adenoviruses. These vectors exhibit virologic and immunologic characteristics that make them attractive as potential candidate vaccine vectors for both HIV-1 and other pathogens.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Africa South of the Sahara; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Cluster Analysis; DNA, Viral; Drug Carriers; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Vaccines, Synthetic
PubMed: 25410856
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02950-14 -
Viruses Aug 2011Following receptor-mediated uptake into endocytic vesicles and escape from the endosome, adenovirus is transported by cytoplasmic dynein along microtubules to the... (Review)
Review
Following receptor-mediated uptake into endocytic vesicles and escape from the endosome, adenovirus is transported by cytoplasmic dynein along microtubules to the perinuclear region of the cell. How motor proteins are recruited to viruses for their own use has begun to be investigated only recently. We review here the evidence for a role for dynein and other motor proteins in adenovirus infectivity. We also discuss the implications of recent studies on the mechanism of dynein recruitment to adenovirus for understanding the relationship between pathogenic and physiological cargo recruitment and for the evolutionary origins of dynein-mediated adenovirus transport.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Biological Transport; Capsid Proteins; Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein; Cytoplasmic Dyneins; Endocytosis; Endosomes; Evolution, Molecular; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Receptors, Virus; Virus Attachment; Virus Internalization
PubMed: 21994788
DOI: 10.3390/v3081417