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Medical Principles and Practice :... 2021An overview of ethics and clinical ethics is presented in this review. The 4 main ethical principles, that is beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, are... (Review)
Review
An overview of ethics and clinical ethics is presented in this review. The 4 main ethical principles, that is beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, are defined and explained. Informed consent, truth-telling, and confidentiality spring from the principle of autonomy, and each of them is discussed. In patient care situations, not infrequently, there are conflicts between ethical principles (especially between beneficence and autonomy). A four-pronged systematic approach to ethical problem-solving and several illustrative cases of conflicts are presented. Comments following the cases highlight the ethical principles involved and clarify the resolution of these conflicts. A model for patient care, with caring as its central element, that integrates ethical aspects (intertwined with professionalism) with clinical and technical expertise desired of a physician is illustrated.
Topics: Beneficence; Confidentiality; Ethics, Clinical; Humans; Informed Consent; Morals; Negotiating; Patient-Centered Care; Personal Autonomy; Problem Solving; Social Justice; Truth Disclosure
PubMed: 32498071
DOI: 10.1159/000509119 -
Biomolecules Dec 2021In the last decade, genome editing technologies became very effective and several clinical trials have been started in order to use them for treating some genetic... (Review)
Review
In the last decade, genome editing technologies became very effective and several clinical trials have been started in order to use them for treating some genetic diseases. Interestingly, despite more than 50 years of discussion about the frontiers of genetics in human health and evolution, the debate about the bioethics and the regulatory practices of genome editing is still far from satisfactory answers. This delay results from an excessive emphasis on the effectiveness of the genome editing technologies that is relevant for the regulatory practices, but not at a bioethical level. Indeed, other factors (such as accessibility and acceptability) could make these techniques not accepted at the bioethical level, even in the presence of their 100% effectiveness.
Topics: Bioethics; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Gene Editing; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans
PubMed: 35053161
DOI: 10.3390/biom12010013 -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Dec 2019A culture of dying characterized by end-of-life care provided by strangers in institutional settings and diminished personal control of the dying process has been a... (Review)
Review
A culture of dying characterized by end-of-life care provided by strangers in institutional settings and diminished personal control of the dying process has been a catalyst for the increasing prevalence of legalized physician-assisted dying in the United States and medically-assisted dying in Canada. The moral logic of the right to die that supports patient refusals of life-extending medical treatments has been expanded by some scholarly arguments to provide ethical legitimation for hastening patient deaths either through physician-prescribed medications or direct physician administration of a lethal medication. The concept of medical-assisted dying increases the role and power of physicians in ending life and allows patients who are not terminally ill, or who have lost decision-making capacity, or who are suffering from a irremediable medical condition to have access to medical procedures to hasten death. This extended moral logic can be countered by ethical objections regarding the integrity of the patient-physician relationship and last resorts in ending life, professional concerns about medicalization and a diminished identity of medicine as a healing profession, and social responsibilities to provide equal access to basic health care and to hospice care.
Topics: Bioethics; Humans; Logic; Morals; Social Responsibility; Suicide, Assisted; Terminal Care
PubMed: 31866788
DOI: No ID Found -
Bioethics Feb 2021
Topics: Bioethical Issues; COVID-19; Communicable Disease Control; Health Care Rationing; Health Personnel; Humans; Mental Health; SARS-CoV-2; Therapeutics; United Kingdom
PubMed: 33508163
DOI: 10.1111/bioe.12843 -
Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Sep 2021
Topics: Bioethics; Humans; Social Justice
PubMed: 34669092
DOI: 10.1007/s11673-021-10129-9 -
The New Bioethics : a Multidisciplinary... Sep 2019
Topics: Bioethics; Congresses as Topic; Conscience; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 31498055
DOI: 10.1080/20502877.2019.1659485 -
Global Bioethics = Problemi Di Bioetica 2022There appears to be a conflict between global bioethical principles and the local understanding and application of these principles, but this conflict has misleadingly...
There appears to be a conflict between global bioethical principles and the local understanding and application of these principles, but this conflict has misleadingly been characterized through the east-west dichotomy. This dichotomy portrays bioethical principles as western and as alien to non-western cultures. In this paper, I present reasons to reject the east-west dichotomy. Using the discussion around the principle of informed consent as an example, I propose that while bioethical values are common, bioethical governance must display a certain flexibility akin to Aristotle's metaphor about the Lesbian rule. Such flexibility combined with a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of bioethical subjects might lead to the purging of tensions between global and local, giving us .
PubMed: 35340843
DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2022.2052603 -
Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Bioethics; Rural Health
PubMed: 37233963
DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10259-2 -
Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Mar 2021The U.S. healthcare system has a long history of displaying racist contempt toward Black people. From medical schools' use of enslaved bodies as cadavers to the...
The U.S. healthcare system has a long history of displaying racist contempt toward Black people. From medical schools' use of enslaved bodies as cadavers to the widespread hospital practice of reporting suspected drug users who seek medical help to the police, the institutional practices and policies that have shaped U.S. healthcare systems as we know them cannot be minimized as coincidence. Rather, the very foundations of medical discovery, diagnosis, and treatment are built on racist contempt for Black people and have become self-perpetuating. Yet, I argue that bioethics and bioethicists have a role in combatting racism. However, in order to do so, bioethicists have to understand the workings of contemptuous racism and how that particular form of racism manifests in U.S. healthcare institutions. Insofar as justice is part of the core mission of bioethics, then antiracism must also be part of the mission of bioethics.
Topics: Black or African American; Bioethics; Disgust; Ethicists; Humans; Racism
PubMed: 33415595
DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10070-3 -
Soins; La Revue de Reference Infirmiere May 2020
Topics: Bioethical Issues; Bioethics; Humans
PubMed: 32862959
DOI: 10.1016/S0038-0814(20)30078-5