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Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Onychomycosis is a fungal disease of the nail that is found worldwide and is difficult to diagnose accurately. This study used metagenomics to investigate the...
Onychomycosis is a fungal disease of the nail that is found worldwide and is difficult to diagnose accurately. This study used metagenomics to investigate the microbiology of 18 clinically diagnosed mycotic nails and two normal nails for fungi and bacteria using the ITS2 and 16S loci. Four mycotic nails were from Bass Coast, six from Melbourne Metropolitan and eight from Shepparton, Victoria, Australia. The mycotic nails were photographed and metagenomically analysed. The ITS2 sequences for and averaged over 90% of hits in 14/18 nails. The high abundance of sequences of a single dermatophyte, compared to all other fungi in a single nail, made it the most likely infecting agents (MLIA). and interdigitale/mentagrophytes were found in Bass Coast and Shepparton while only was found in Melbourne. Two nails with mixed with high abundance non-dermatophyte moulds (NDMs) (, ) were also observed. The two control nails contained chiefly and . For bacteria, was in every nail and was the most abundant, including the control nails, with an overall mean rate of 66.01%. , , and also featured.
PubMed: 36422019
DOI: 10.3390/jof8111198 -
EXCLI Journal 2017Bacteria belonging to the family Brevibacterieae are ubiquitous Gram positive organisms that are responsible for the feet odour and cheese aroma. is a relatively new...
Bacteria belonging to the family Brevibacterieae are ubiquitous Gram positive organisms that are responsible for the feet odour and cheese aroma. is a relatively new member belonging to Brevibacterieae. In the current manuscript we discuss isolation of biologically active metabolites from . Two aromatic esters were isolated from by "Bioassay guided fractionation strategy" and identified as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate by chemical characterization using biophysical techniques. The phthalate compounds show broad spectrum antibacterial activity and mosquito larvicidal activity. Mosquito larvicidal activity has been attributed to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity. These compounds were found to be cytotoxic in multiple cell lines causing cell cycle arrest in G1 phase.
PubMed: 28507481
DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-145 -
Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea) Oct 2022Two strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, regular rod-shaped (approximately 0.7 × 1.9 mm) bacteria (HY170 and HY001) were isolated from bat feces...
Two strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, regular rod-shaped (approximately 0.7 × 1.9 mm) bacteria (HY170 and HY001) were isolated from bat feces collected from Chongzuo city, Guangxi province (22°20'54″N, 106°49'20″E, July 2011) and Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province (25°09'10″N, 102°04'39″E, October 2013) of South China, respectively. Optimal growth is obtained at 25-28°C (range, 4-32°C) on BHI-5% sheep blood plate with pH 7.5 (range, 5.0-10.0) in the presence of 0.5-1.0% NaCl (w/v) (range, 0-15% NaCl [w/v]). The phylogenetic and phylogenomic trees based respectively on the 16S rRNA gene and 845 core gene sequences revealed that the two strains formed a distinct lineage within the genus Brevibacterium, most closely related to B. aurantiacum NCDO 739 (16S rRNA similarity, both 98.5%; dDDH, 46.7-46.8%; ANI, 91.9-92.1%). Strain HY170 contained MK-8(H), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), galactose and ribose as the predominant menaquinone, major polar lipids, and main sugars in the cell wall teichoic acids, respectively. The meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) was the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan found in strain HY170. Anteiso-C and anteiso-C were the major fatty acids (> 10%) of strains HY170 and HY001, with anteiso-CA predominant in strain HY170 but absent in strain HY001. Mining the genomes revealed the presence of secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters encoding for non-alpha poly-amino acids (NAPAA), ectoine, siderophore, and terpene. Based on results from the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses, the two strains could be classified as a novel species of the genus Brevibacterium, for which the name Brevibacterium zhoupengii sp. nov. is proposed (type strain HY170 = CGMCC 1.18600 = JCM 34230).
Topics: Actinobacteria; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Brevibacterium; Cardiolipins; China; Chiroptera; DNA, Bacterial; Diaminopimelic Acid; Fatty Acids; Feces; Galactose; Genomics; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Ribose; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sheep; Siderophores; Sodium Chloride; Teichoic Acids; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 35984616
DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2134-8 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Morocco holds the vast majority of the world's phosphate reserves, but due to the processes involved in extracting and commercializing these reserves, large quantities...
Morocco holds the vast majority of the world's phosphate reserves, but due to the processes involved in extracting and commercializing these reserves, large quantities of de-structured, nutritionally deficient mine phosphate wastes are produced each year. In a semi-arid climate, these wastes severely hamper plant growth and development leading to huge unvegetated areas. Soil indigenous Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) play a pivotal role in restauration of these phosphate mining wastes by revegetation, by increasing plants development, soil functioning, and nutrient cycling. The development of a vegetative cover above the degraded phosphate wastes, could stabilize and reintegrate these wastes in the surrounding environment. The current study's objectives were to isolate, characterize, and identify indigenous bacterial strains, and test their PGP activity and, for the best-performing strains , in order to assess their potential for acting as biofertilizers. A quantitative test for the synthesis of auxin and the production of siderophores as well as a qualitative test for the solubilization of phosphate were performed on all isolated bacterial strains. The production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), exopolysaccharides (EPS), and enzymes were also examined. Three bacteria, selected among the best PGPB of this study, were tested to determine whether such indigenous bacteria could aid plant growth in this de-structured and nutrient-poor mining soil. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 41 bacterial strains were isolated and 11 genera were identified: , and . Among the three best performing bacteria (related to , and ), only and were able to significantly enhance L. growth. The best inoculation results were obtained using the strain related to , improving the plant's root dry weight and chlorophyll content. This is also, to our knowledge, the first study to show a PGP activity of .
PubMed: 36590425
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1026991 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019is an actinobacterium that confers key organoleptic properties to washed-rind cheeses during the ripening process. Although this industrially relevant species has been...
is an actinobacterium that confers key organoleptic properties to washed-rind cheeses during the ripening process. Although this industrially relevant species has been gaining an increasing attention in the past years, its genome plasticity is still understudied due to the unavailability of complete genomic sequences. To add insights on the mobilome of this group, we sequenced the complete genomes of five dairy strains and one non-dairy strain using PacBio RSII. We performed phylogenetic and pan-genome analyses, including comparisons with other publicly available genomic sequences. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that these five dairy strains, previously identified as , belong instead to the species. A high number of transposases and integrases were observed in the spp. strains. In addition, we identified 14 and 12 new insertion sequences (IS) in and genomes, respectively. Several stretches of homologous DNA sequences were also found between and other cheese rind actinobacteria, suggesting horizontal gene transfer (HGT). A HGT region from an iRon Uptake/Siderophore Transport Island (RUSTI) and an iron uptake composite transposon were found in five genomes. These findings suggest that low iron availability in milk is a driving force in the adaptation of this bacterial species to this niche. Moreover, the exchange of iron uptake systems suggests cooperative evolution between cheese rind actinobacteria. We also demonstrated that the integrative and conjugative element BreLI ( Lanthipeptide Island) can excise from SMQ-1417 chromosome. Our comparative genomic analysis suggests that mobile genetic elements played an important role into the adaptation of to cheese ecosystems.
PubMed: 31244798
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01270 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Apr 2019Brevibacteria are obligate aerobic gram-positive rods that are associated with milk products and are also found on human skin. Brevibacterium has been reported as a rare...
BACKGROUND
Brevibacteria are obligate aerobic gram-positive rods that are associated with milk products and are also found on human skin. Brevibacterium has been reported as a rare cause of catheter related blood steam infection mainly in immunocompromised hosts such as malignancies or AIDS patients.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 94-year old woman, which had a past history of diabetes mellitus and chronic heart failure, presented with high fever associated with decreased oral intake and appetite loss and was admitted to our institute. A physical examination at the time of presentation was unremarkable. On day 2, both blood cultures collected on admission became positive with coryneform organism within 24 h without Staphylococci and Brevibacterium species were identified by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Subsequently, genetic investigation by 16S ribosomal RNA analysis was performed in order to identify the organism. Finally, the result identified this pathogen as Brevibacterium paucivorans with 99.5% homology on the Ez taxon database. The patient was started empirically on meropenem and teicoplanin for broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage. The patient's fever finally abated and labs were also improved. On day 14, the antibiotic therapy was discontinued. The site of infections was unknown. We hereby report a case of Brevibacterium paicivorans bacteremia in an immunocompetent patient and review cases of Brevibacterium specises bacteremia previously reported. This is the first case of B. paucivorans bacteremia as far as we could search.
CONCLUSION
Physicians and microbiologists should be aware that Brevibacteria are uncommon but important agents which could cause opportunistic infections in immunocompetent.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Brevibacterium; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Molecular Typing; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 31023246
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3962-y -
MicrobiologyOpen Aug 2020The nutrition and flavor of cheese are generated by the microbial community. Thus, horse milk cheese with unique nutrition and flavor, an increasingly popular local...
The nutrition and flavor of cheese are generated by the microbial community. Thus, horse milk cheese with unique nutrition and flavor, an increasingly popular local cheese of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, is considered to have diverse and specific bacterial community. To verify this hypothesis, horse, cow, and goat milk cheese samples produced under the same environmental conditions and manufacturing process were collected, and the 16S rRNA gene was targeted to determine the bacterial population size and community composition by real-time quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing. The bacterial community of horse milk cheese had a significantly larger bacterial population size, greater species richness, and a more diverse composition than those of cow and goat milk cheeses. Unlike the absolute dominance of Lactococcus and Streptococcus in cow and goat milk cheeses, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus dominated the bacterial community as the starter lactic acid bacteria in horse milk cheese. Additionally, horse milk cheese also contains a higher abundance of unclassified secondary bacteria and specific secondary bacteria (e.g., Psychrobacter, Sulfurisoma, Halomonas, and Brevibacterium) than cow and goat milk cheeses. These abundant, diverse, and specific starter lactic acid bacteria and secondary bacteria may generate unique nutrition and flavor of horse milk cheese.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Base Sequence; Cattle; Cheese; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fermented Foods; Food Microbiology; Goats; Horses; Humans; Microbiota; Milk; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Taste
PubMed: 32741094
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1066 -
Planta Medica Jul 2018Foot odour (bromodosis) is an embarrassing and perplexing condition mostly caused by bacteria of the species. Essential oils are a credible option as an affordable...
Foot odour (bromodosis) is an embarrassing and perplexing condition mostly caused by bacteria of the species. Essential oils are a credible option as an affordable treatment of odour and contribute towards antimicrobial efficacy. Therefore, this study sets out to investigate the antimicrobial activity of essential oil combinations against odour-causing bacteria. The broth microdilution method was used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of 119 essential oil combinations, and the fractional inhibitory index was calculated to determine the interactive profile. Combinations that resulted in synergy in 1 : 1 ratios were further evaluated in different concentrations, and isobolograms were plotted to determine the influence of the ratio on overall activity. Numerous combinations could be identified as having synergistic interactions against the spp. and no antagonism was observed. The combination of (juniper) and (benzoin) demonstrated synergy against all three spp. tested and was the essential oil responsible for the majority of the synergistic interactions. The results reported here confirm the promising potential of the majority of these oils and selected combinations in treating and controlling bromodosis.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Aromatherapy; Brevibacterium; Foot; Humans; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils
PubMed: 29579744
DOI: 10.1055/a-0592-8022 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023The deep-sea covers over 70% of the Earth's surface and harbors predominantly uncharacterized bacterial communities. Actinobacteria are the major prokaryotic source of...
The deep-sea covers over 70% of the Earth's surface and harbors predominantly uncharacterized bacterial communities. Actinobacteria are the major prokaryotic source of bioactive natural products that find their way into drug discovery programs, and the deep-sea is a promising source of biotechnologically relevant actinobacteria. Previous studies on actinobacteria in deep-sea sediments were either regionally restricted or did not combine a community characterization with the analysis of their bioactive potential. Here we characterized the actinobacterial communities of upper layers of deep-sea sediments from the Arctic and the Atlantic (Azores and Madeira) ocean basins, employing 16S rRNA metabarcoding, and studied the biosynthetic potential of cultivable actinobacteria retrieved from those samples. Metabarcoding analysis showed that the actinobacterial composition varied between the sampled regions, with higher abundance in the Arctic samples but higher diversity in the Atlantic ones. Twenty actinobacterial genera were detected using metabarcoding, as a culture-independent method, while culture-dependent methods only allowed the identification of nine genera. Isolation of actinobacteria resulted on the retrieval of 44 isolates, mainly associated with , , and genera. Some of these isolates were only identified on a specific sampled region. Chemical extracts of the actinobacterial isolates were subsequently screened for their antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Extracts from two strains demonstrated activity against . Additionally, eight extracts (obtained from , , , , and isolates) showed significant activity against at least one of the tested cancer cell lines (HepG2 and T-47D). Furthermore, 15 actinobacterial extracts showed anti-inflammatory potential in the RAW 264.4 cell model assay, with no concomitant cytotoxic response. Dereplication and molecular networking analysis of the bioactive actinobacterial extracts showed the presence of some metabolites associated with known natural products, but one of the analyzed clusters did not show any match with the natural products described as responsible for these bioactivities. Overall, we were able to recover taxonomically diverse actinobacteria with different bioactivities from the studied deep-sea samples. The conjugation of culture-dependent and -independent methods allows a better understanding of the actinobacterial diversity of deep-sea environments, which is important for the optimization of approaches to obtain novel chemically-rich isolates.
PubMed: 37065153
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1158441 -
3 Biotech Nov 2022In recent years, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have received increased attention due to their prospective use as biofertilizers for the enhancement of crop...
UNLABELLED
In recent years, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have received increased attention due to their prospective use as biofertilizers for the enhancement of crop growth and yields. However, there is a growing need to identify new PGPR isolates with additional beneficial properties. In this paper, we describe the identification of a new strain of a non-sporulating Gram-positive bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of potato plants, classified as MG-1 based on whole-genome sequencing. The bacteria are aerobic; they grow in a pH range of 6.0-10.0 (optimum 6.0), and a temperature range of 20-37 °C (optimum 30 °C). At 96 h of cultivation, strain MG-1 synthesizes 28.65 µg/ml of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) when 500 µg/ml of l-tryptophan is added. It is a producer of catechol-type siderophores and ACC deaminase (213 ± 12.34 ng/ml) and shows halotolerance. Treatment of pea, rye, and wheat seeds with a suspension of MG-1 strain cells resulted in the stimulation of stem and root biomass accumulation by 12-26% and 6-25% ( < 0.05), respectively. Treatment of seeds with bacteria in the presence of high salt concentration reduced the negative effects of salt stress on plant growth by 18-50%. The hypothetical gene encoding the bacteriocin Linocin-M18, RIPP-like proteins, and polyketide synthase type III (T3PKS) loci, gene clusters responsible for iron acquisition and metabolism of siderophores, as well as gene clusters responsible for auxin biosynthesis, were identified in the MG-1 genome. Thus, the rhizosphere-associated strain MG-1 has growth-stimulating properties and can be useful for the treatment of plants grown on soils with high salinity.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03392-z.
PubMed: 36276447
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03392-z