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Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Dec 2020Cellular response against different heavy metal stress differs with the metal. Arsenic and chromium are heavy metals and toxic to living systems. The concentration of...
Cellular response against different heavy metal stress differs with the metal. Arsenic and chromium are heavy metals and toxic to living systems. The concentration of these metals in seawater is very low. However, due to their solubility in nature, they actively enter cells via various transport mechanisms and cause damage to the cells. Brevibacterium casei #NIOSBA88, a marine-derived, gram-positive isolate was multi-metal tolerant. Proteomic analysis of this isolate in response to arsenic and chromium resulted in the identification of total 2549 proteins, out of which 880 proteins were found to be commonly expressed at 750 mgL arsenic and 100 mgL chromium and in absence of both the metals. In contrast, 533, 212, and 270 proteins were found to be unique in the absence of any metal, 750 mgL of arsenic and 100 mgL of chromium respectively. Proteins such as antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase, ArsR family transcriptional regulator, cytochrome C oxidase subunit II, and thioredoxin reductase were exclusively expressed only in response to arsenic and chromium. Other proteins like superoxide dismutase, lipid hydroperoxide reductase, and thioredoxin-disulfide reductase were found to be upregulated in response to both the metals. Most of the proteins involved in the normal cell functioning were found to be downregulated. Major metabolic functions affected include amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, translation, and energy metabolism. Peptide mass fingerprinting of Brevibacterium casei #NIOSBA88 exposed to arsenic and chromium respectively revealed the deleterious effect of these metals on the bacterium and its strategy to overcome the stress.
Topics: Arsenic; Bacterial Proteins; Brevibacterium; Chromium; Proteomics
PubMed: 32729030
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00353-7 -
Chemphyschem : a European Journal of... Jun 2016The robustness and biocompatibility of bacterial nanocages holds promise for bio-nanotechnologies. The propensity of these nano-carriers to penetrate cells has been...
The robustness and biocompatibility of bacterial nanocages holds promise for bio-nanotechnologies. The propensity of these nano-carriers to penetrate cells has been demonstrated, which calls for the development of tracking strategies, both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we label bacterial nanocages with photo-switchable fluorophores, to facilitate their imaging by super-resolution microscopy. We demonstrate the functionalization of the encapsulin from Brevibacterium linens with a spiropyran, which is not fluorescent, by covalent attachment to the amine residues at the outer encapsulin shell. Upon alternating irradiation with ultraviolet and visible light, the spiropyran switches forth and back to its fluorescent merocyanine photo-isomer and thus the fluorescence can be switched on and off, reversibly. We also show that the bacterial compartments preserve their structural integrity upon covalent modification and over at least five irradiation cycles.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Benzopyrans; Brevibacterium; Fluorescent Dyes; Indoles; Light; Nanostructures; Nanotechnology; Particle Size; Photochemical Processes; Surface Properties; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 26854330
DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600013 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Mar 1992The antimicrobial activity of stratum corneum lipids was examined by screening in vitro various representative phospholipids and sphingolipids. Of mixed... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
The antimicrobial activity of stratum corneum lipids was examined by screening in vitro various representative phospholipids and sphingolipids. Of mixed galacto-cerebrosides; phosphatidic acid; phosphatidic acid-monomethylester-dioleoyl; phosphatidylethanolamine; phosphatidylethanolamine-beta-oleoyl-gamma-palmitoyl; phosphatidylcholine; D-sphingosine; D,L-sphinganine; 4-D-hydroxysphinganine; oleoyl-sphingosine; N,N-dimethylsphingosine; and stearylamine, only the sphingosines and, to a lesser extent, stearylamine were clearly and profoundly effective against Staphylococcus aureus (4-log reduction at 6.25 micrograms/ml [20 microM]; 2-log reduction at 0.78 mu/ml [2.5 microM]). The sphingosines were similarly active against Streptococcus pyogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Propionibacterium acnes, Brevibacterium epidermidis, and Candida albicans, moderately active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and ineffective against Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens. Both erythro- and threo-isomers were effective. Optimal inhibition was at 60 min incubation at 37 degrees C and at pH 6.5. Antimicrobial activity, which was Ca++ dependent, was confirmed in vivo by topical application and microbial challenge. Because free sphingosines are available in the stratum corneum and other epidermal layers, these lipids may contribute to the cutaneous antimicrobial barrier.
Topics: Bacteria; Calcium; Candida albicans; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipids; Sphingosine
PubMed: 1545135
DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12497842 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Mar 199523Na NMR spectroscopy was used to determine free Na+ concentrations in a halotolerant bacterium, Brevibacterium sp., and Escherichia coli. The internal Na+ concentration...
23Na NMR spectroscopy was used to determine free Na+ concentrations in a halotolerant bacterium, Brevibacterium sp., and Escherichia coli. The internal Na+ concentration of both strains depended little on the growth phases and was unchanged after 5 d storage at 2 degrees C. In Brevibacterium sp. the level of intracellular sodium increased gradually at higher extracellular NaCl concentrations in both the presence and absence of yeast extract in the growth medium. E. coli cells accumulated a higher concentration of free Na+ than those of Brevibacterium sp. The change of Na+ concentration in both strains was inverse to that of growth rate. When appropriate amounts of osmoprotectants (proline, glycine betaine, or gamma-aminobutyrate) were added with the NaCl, internal free Na+ levels in Brevibacterium sp. were lowered, but those of E. coli were unchanged. While addition of KCl to medium containing NaCl increased the intracellular level of free Na+, the total sodium concentration in the cells remained unchanged, indicating that sodium that had been bound or attached was made free in the cytosol. In Brevibacterium sp. grown in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl, free and bound sodium concentrations in the cytosol were estimated to be 0.14 and 0.23 mumol (mg protein)-1, respectively. As a result, visibility by 23Na NMR was 38%.
Topics: Brevibacterium; Culture Media; Escherichia coli; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Potassium; Potassium Chloride; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Vibrio
PubMed: 7711910
DOI: 10.1099/13500872-141-3-729 -
IDCases 2022species are to be opportunistic pathogens. Although rare, several case reports have mentioned infections ranging from cutaneous infections to bacteremia. Here, we...
species are to be opportunistic pathogens. Although rare, several case reports have mentioned infections ranging from cutaneous infections to bacteremia. Here, we present a case report describing a 64-year-old male pancreatic cancer patient diagnosed with bacteremia.
PubMed: 36061140
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01609 -
Microbiology Spectrum Oct 2021Cervical cancer is an important health concern worldwide and is one of the leading causes of death in Mexican women. Previous studies have shown changes in the female...
Cervical cancer is an important health concern worldwide and is one of the leading causes of death in Mexican women. Previous studies have shown changes in the female genital tract microbe community related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer; yet, this link remains unexplored in many human populations. This study evaluated the vaginal bacterial community among Mexican women with precancerous squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). We sequenced the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene in cervical samples from 228 Mexican women, including 121 participants with SIL, most of which were HPV positive, and 107 healthy women without HPV infection or SIL. The presence of SIL was associated with changes in composition (beta diversity) and with a higher species richness (Chao1). A comparison of HPV-positive women with and without SIL showed that microbiota changes occurred even in the absence of SIL. Multivariate association with linear models (MaAsLin) analysis yielded independent associations between HPV infection and an increase in the relative abundance of Brachybacterium conglomeratum and Brevibacterium aureum as well as a decrease in two Lactobacillus iners operational taxonomic units (OTUs). We also identified a positive independent association between HPV-16, the most common HPV subtype linked to SIL, and Brachybacterium conglomeratum. Our work indicates that HPV infection leading to SIL is primarily associated with shifts in vaginal microbiota composition, some of which may be specific to this human population. Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a critical role in cervical carcinogenesis but is not sufficient for cervical cancer development, indicating the involvement of other factors. The vaginal microbiota is an important factor in controlling infections caused by HPV, and, depending on its composition, it can modulate the microenvironment in vaginal mucosa against viral infections. Ethnic and sociodemographic factors influence differences in vaginal microbiome composition, which underlies the dysbiotic patterns linked to HPV infection and cervical cancer across different populations of women. Here, we provide evidence for associations between vaginal microbiota patterns and HPV infection linked to ethnic and sociodemographic factors. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the species and Brachybacterium conglomeratum linked to HPV infection or squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL).
Topics: Actinobacteria; Adult; Alphapapillomavirus; Bacteria; Brevibacterium; Dysbiosis; Epithelial Cells; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Mexico; Microbiota; Papillomavirus Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Social Determinants of Health; Sociodemographic Factors; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vagina; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
PubMed: 34643408
DOI: 10.1128/Spectrum.00143-21 -
Heliyon May 2024Investigating oat tissue microflora during its different developmental stages is necessary for understanding its growth and anti-disease mechanism. In this study, 16S...
Investigating oat tissue microflora during its different developmental stages is necessary for understanding its growth and anti-disease mechanism. In this study, 16S rDNA and ITS (Internally Transcribed Spacer) high-throughput sequencing technology were used to explore the microflora diversity of oat tissue. Twenty-seven samples of leaves, stems, and roots from three developmental stages, namely the seedling stage (SS), jointing stage (JS), and maturity stage (MS), underwent sequencing analysis. The analysis showed that 6480 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in the examined samples, of which 1698 were fungal and 4782 were bacterial. Furthermore, 126 OTUs were shared by fungi, mainly , , and at the phylum level, and 39 OTUs were shared by bacteria, mainly and at the phylum level. The microbial diversity of oat tissue in the three developmental stages showed differences, and the α-diversity of the bacteria and β-diversity of the bacteria and fungi in the roots were higher than those of the stems and leaves. Among the bacteria species, , and were predominant in the leaves, MND1 was predominant in the roots, and was predominant in the stems. Moreover, maintained a stable state at all growth stages. In the fungal species, was dominant in the leaves, was dominant in the roots, and was dominant in the stems. All species with a high abundance were related to the growth process of oats and antagonistic bacteria. Furthermore, connection modules were denser in bacterial than in fungal populations. The samples were treated with superoxide dismutase and peroxidase. There were 42 strains associated with SOD (Superoxide dismutase), 60 strains associated with POD (Peroxidase), and 38 strains in total, which much higher than fungi. The network analysis showed that bacteria might have more dense connection modules than fungi, The number of bacterial connections to enzymes were much higher than that of fungi. Furthermore, these results provide a basis for further mechanistic research.
PubMed: 38711667
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30276 -
Journal of Dairy Science May 1999Brevibacterium linens is a major surface microorganism that is present in the smear of surface-ripened cheeses. The enzymology and biochemical characteristics of B.... (Review)
Review
Brevibacterium linens is a major surface microorganism that is present in the smear of surface-ripened cheeses. The enzymology and biochemical characteristics of B. linens influence the ripening and final characteristics of smear surface-ripened cheeses. Proteolytic, peptidolytic, esterolytic, and lipolytic activities, which are of particular importance in the ripening process, are discussed in detail. This review also describes the production of volatile compounds, especially sulfur-containing ones, by B. linens, which are thought to be important in respect to the flavor of smear surface-ripened cheeses. The unique orange-colored carotenoids and the factors effecting their production by B. linens are also presented. The catabolism of aromatic amino acids, bacteriocin production, plasmids, and miscellaneous biochemical and physiological properties (peptidoglycan type, antibiotic resistance, insecticide degradation, and biotechnological applications) of B. linens are discussed. The problem associated with the current taxonomical classification of B. linens strains caused by strain variation is evaluated. Finally, the application of B. linens cell extracts or its proteolytic enzymes as cheese ripening accelerants for semi-hard or hard cheese varieties is considered.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aminopeptidases; Brevibacterium; Cheese; Endopeptidases; Esterases; Lipolysis; Pigmentation; Volatilization
PubMed: 10342227
DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75308-7 -
BMC Genomics Oct 2023Exploring Brevibacterium strains from various ecosystems may lead to the discovery of new antibiotic-producing strains. Brevibacterium sp. H-BE7, a strain isolated from...
Exploring Brevibacterium strains from various ecosystems may lead to the discovery of new antibiotic-producing strains. Brevibacterium sp. H-BE7, a strain isolated from marine sediments from Northern Patagonia, Chile, had its genome sequenced to study the biosynthetic potential to produce novel natural products within the Brevibacterium genus. The genome sequences of 98 Brevibacterium strains, including strain H-BE7, were selected for a genomic analysis. A phylogenomic cladogram was generated, which divided the Brevibacterium strains into four major clades. A total of 25 strains are potentially unique new species according to Average Nucleotide Identity (ANIb) values. These strains were isolated from various environments, emphasizing the importance of exploring diverse ecosystems to discover the full diversity of Brevibacterium. Pangenome analysis of Brevibacterium strains revealed that only 2.5% of gene clusters are included within the core genome, and most gene clusters occur either as singletons or as cloud genes present in less than ten strains. Brevibacterium strains from various phylogenomic clades exhibit diverse BGCs. Specific groups of BGCs show clade-specific distribution patterns, such as siderophore BGCs and carotenoid-related BGCs. A group of clade IV-A Brevibacterium strains possess a clade-specific Polyketide synthase (PKS) BGCs that connects with phenazine-related BGCs. Within the PKS BGC, five genes, including the biosynthetic PKS gene, participate in the mevalonate pathway and exhibit similarities with the phenazine A BGC. However, additional core biosynthetic phenazine genes were exclusively discovered in nine Brevibacterium strains, primarily isolated from cheese. Evaluating the antibacterial activity of strain H-BE7, it exhibited antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes. Chemical dereplication identified bioactive compounds, such as 1-methoxyphenazine in the crude extracts of strain H-BE7, which could be responsible of the observed antibacterial activity. While strain H-BE7 lacks the core phenazine biosynthetic genes, it produces 1-methoxyphenazine, indicating the presence of an unknown biosynthetic pathway for this compound. This suggests the existence of alternative biosynthetic pathways or promiscuous enzymes within H-BE7's genome.
Topics: Brevibacterium; Ecosystem; Genomics; Phylogeny; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Multigene Family; Phenazines
PubMed: 37858045
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09694-7 -
MSystems Jul 2020Microbial contamination during long-term confinements of space exploration presents potential risks for both crew members and spacecraft life support systems. A novel...
Microbial contamination during long-term confinements of space exploration presents potential risks for both crew members and spacecraft life support systems. A novel swab kit was used to sample various surfaces from a submerged, closed, analog habitat to characterize the microbial populations. Samples were collected from various locations across the habitat which were constructed from various surface materials (linoleum, dry wall, particle board, glass, and metal), and microbial populations were examined by culture, quantitative PCR (qPCR), microbiome 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and shotgun metagenomics. Propidium monoazide (PMA)-treated samples identified the viable/intact microbial population of the habitat. The cultivable microbial population ranged from below the detection limit to 10 CFU/sample, and their identity was characterized using Sanger sequencing. Both 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun sequencing were used to characterize the microbial dynamics, community profiles, and functional attributes (metabolism, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance). The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed abundance of viable (after PMA treatment) (, , , , and ), (, , and ), and (especially ) on linoleum, dry wall, and particle board (LDP) surfaces, while members of () and () were high on the glass/metal surfaces. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling determined from both 16S rRNA and metagenomic analyses revealed differential microbial species on LDP surfaces and glass/metal surfaces. The shotgun metagenomic sequencing of samples after PMA treatment showed bacterial predominance of viable (53.6%), (7.8%), (9.9%), (3.7%), and (2.1%), while fungal analyses revealed and dominance. This study provides the first assessment of monitoring cultivable and viable microorganisms on surfaces within a submerged, closed, analog habitat. The results of the analyses presented herein suggest that the surface material plays a role in microbial community structure, as the microbial populations differed between LDP and metal/glass surfaces. The metal/glass surfaces had less-complex community, lower bioburden, and more closely resembled the controls. These results indicated that material choice is crucial when building closed habitats, even if they are simply analogs. Finally, while a few species were associated with previously cultivated isolates from the International Space Station and MIR spacecraft, the majority of the microbial ecology of the submerged analog habitat differs greatly from that of previously studied analog habitats.
PubMed: 32723791
DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00367-20