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Archives of Disease in Childhood Feb 1981
Topics: Atropine; Diphenoxylate; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Infant; Isonipecotic Acids; Male
PubMed: 7469473
DOI: 10.1136/adc.56.2.157-a -
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical... Jun 2012To evaluate the antidiarrhoeal property of methanol extract of the leaves of Rauwolfia serpentina (R. serpentina) in experimental diarrhoea induced by castor oil in mice.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the antidiarrhoeal property of methanol extract of the leaves of Rauwolfia serpentina (R. serpentina) in experimental diarrhoea induced by castor oil in mice.
METHODS
Doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg R. serpentina leaf methanol extracts were administered to castor oil induced diarrhoea mice to determine its antidiarrhoeal activity.
RESULTS
All doses of the extract and the reference drug atropine sulphate (3 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a dose-dependent reduction in intestinal weight and fluid volume. The extracts also significantly reduced the intestinal transit in charcoal meal test when compared to diphenoxylate Hcl (5 mg/kg, p.o.).
CONCLUSIONS
The results show that the extract of R. serpentina leaves has a significant antidiarrhoeal activity and supports its traditional uses in herbal medicine.
Topics: Animals; Antidiarrheals; Diarrhea; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Intestines; Mice; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rauwolfia
PubMed: 23569944
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60070-7 -
Fertility and Sterility Sep 1976Sixty gravidas 8 to 20 menstrual weeks' gestation were studied to evaluate (1) the efficacy of intramuscularly administered 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha...
Evaluation of intramuscular 15(s)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha tromethamine salt for induction of abortion, medications to attenuate side effects, and intracervical laminaria tents.
Sixty gravidas 8 to 20 menstrual weeks' gestation were studied to evaluate (1) the efficacy of intramuscularly administered 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha tromethamine (15(S)-Me-PGF2alpha) as an abortifacient; (2) the effectiveness of prochlorperazine and Lomotil for attenuation of vomiting and diarrhea; and (3) the practicability of augmenting this prostaglandin dose schedule with intracervical laminaria tents. Group I subjects received 250 mug of 15(S)-Me-PGF2alpha intramuscularly every 2 hours for the initial 24 hours and 500 mug for the next 24-hour period. Group II received the same dose schedule of prostaglandin and prearranged doses of prochlorperazine and Lomotil. Group III received the same dose schedule of prostaglandin after intracervical laminaria tents had been inserted, and prochlorperazine and Lomotil were administered by the prearranged dose schedule. It appears that (1) the 15(S)-Me-PGF2alpha was effective in inducing abortion; (2) a significant decrease in body temperature occurred; (3) the abortifacient effectiveness of this prostaglandin dose schedule was not altered by the regimen of prochlorperazine and Lomotil; (4) only diarrhea was significantly attenuated with the regimen of prochlorperazine and Lomotil; and (5) laminaria augmentation was not useful.
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Cervix Uteri; Diarrhea; Diphenoxylate; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Pregnancy; Prochlorperazine; Prostaglandins F; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Tromethamine; Uterine Contraction; Vomiting
PubMed: 964392
DOI: No ID Found -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 1983Motility disturbances of the colon can give significant symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus. Constipation is a common complaint in these patients. Diarrhea...
Motility disturbances of the colon can give significant symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus. Constipation is a common complaint in these patients. Diarrhea associated with a generalized autonomic neuropathy can be very troublesome. There is a disturbance in the gastrocolonic response to eating in patients with diabetes mellitus who have constipation. These patients have no postprandial increase in colonic motility. However, their colonic smooth muscle contracts normally to the exogenous administration of neostigmine or metoclopramide. Stool softeners used in combination with the smooth muscle stimulants (neostigmine or metoclopramide) are helpful in treating constipation in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diarrhea can be treated with loperamide or diphenoxylate. Biofeedback may be useful in treating incontinence associated with diarrhea in these patients.
Topics: Colon; Colonic Diseases; Constipation; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diarrhea; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans
PubMed: 6670291
DOI: No ID Found -
African Journal of Traditional,... Oct 2007Rhus semialata Murr. (Anacardiaceae) is a deciduous tree of north eastern India. The fruit of this plant is traditionally used to control diarrhoea and dysentery. The...
Rhus semialata Murr. (Anacardiaceae) is a deciduous tree of north eastern India. The fruit of this plant is traditionally used to control diarrhoea and dysentery. The Present study was undertaken to evaluate anti-diarrhoeal potency of methanol extract of fruits of R. semialata using Wister albino rats to substantiate folklore claims. The extract at graded doses (100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight) was investigated for anti-diarrhoeal activity in term of reduction in the rate of defecation in castor oil induced diarrhoea. To understand the mechanism of its antidiarrhoeal activity, the gastrointestinal transit and PGE(2)-induced intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling) were further evaluated. At graded doses, the extract showed a remarkable anti-diarrhoeal activity evidenced by the reduction in the rate of defecation up to 80.70% of control diarrhoeal animals at the dose of 600 mg/kg body weight. Results are comparable to that of standard drug diphenoxylate (50 mg/kg body weight). Extract produced profound decrease in intestinal transit (8.02-47.05%) at selected doses comparable to that of single intraperitoneal injection of standard drug atropine sulphate at doses of 0.1 mg/kg body weight. It significantly inhibited PGE(2)-induced enteropooling (21.98-56.03%). The results indicated that the methanol extract of the fruits of R. semialata possesses significant anti-diarrhoeal effect and substantiated the use of this herbal remedy as a non-specific treatment for diarrhoea in folk medicine.
PubMed: 20162061
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Apr 1970In a double-blind study on 45 malnourished infants with moderately severe non-specific diarrhoea, diphenoxylate hydrochloride proved to be an effective antidiarrhoeal... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
In a double-blind study on 45 malnourished infants with moderately severe non-specific diarrhoea, diphenoxylate hydrochloride proved to be an effective antidiarrhoeal agent when the diarrhoea was acute, but not as effective when the diarrhoea was chronic.
Topics: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diarrhea; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutrition Disorders; Isonipecotic Acids; Male; Placebos
PubMed: 4911743
DOI: 10.1136/adc.45.240.190 -
The Western Journal of Medicine Aug 1979
Topics: Adult; Diphenoxylate; Humans; Isonipecotic Acids; Male; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 516705
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Jul 1975In a patient with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with pulmonary metastases who presented with diarrhoea and steatorrhoea large amounts of prostaglandin-like material...
In a patient with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with pulmonary metastases who presented with diarrhoea and steatorrhoea large amounts of prostaglandin-like material were present in peripheral blood, and some was extracted from the tumour. The diarrhoea which persisted after thyroidectomy responded to treatment with nutmeg.
Topics: Adult; Carcinoma; Carotenoids; Celiac Disease; Codeine; Condiments; Diarrhea; Diphenoxylate; Female; Hallucinogens; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostaglandins; Psyllium; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy
PubMed: 1169097
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5974.11 -
Gut Jun 1989The aim of the present study was to determine whether changes in orocaecal transit time (OCTT) affect the magnitude of the breath hydrogen (H2) excretion after ingestion... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
The aim of the present study was to determine whether changes in orocaecal transit time (OCTT) affect the magnitude of the breath hydrogen (H2) excretion after ingestion of unabsorbable carbohydrate. We studied eight healthy subjects by interval sampling of end expiratory H2 concentration for 12 hours after ingestion of: (1) 10 g lactulose (L); (2) 10 g L with 20 mg metoclopramide (M) as tablets; (3) 20 g L, and (4) 20 g L with 7.5 mg diphenoxylate (D) as tablets, in random order. In spite of significant changes in OCTT after M and D, there were no significant changes, compared for the same dose of lactulose, with respect to area under the breath H2 excretion curves, peak increments of H2 concentration or timing of the peak increment. We conclude that, within the ranges observed, the OCTT does not significantly affect the shape of the H2 concentration versus time curves. In comparative studies estimates of the degree of carbohydrate malabsorption on the basis of breath H2 concentration may be valid in spite of differences in OCTT.
Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Cecum; Disaccharides; Female; Gastrointestinal Transit; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male
PubMed: 2753406
DOI: 10.1136/gut.30.6.811 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Jul 1980
Topics: Atropine; Child; Developing Countries; Diarrhea; Diphenoxylate; Drug Combinations; Humans; Isonipecotic Acids
PubMed: 7436512
DOI: 10.1136/adc.55.7.577-b