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Molecular Genetics and Genomics : MGG Aug 2018Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may elicit a series of postnatal body developmental and metabolic diseases due to their impaired growth and development in the...
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may elicit a series of postnatal body developmental and metabolic diseases due to their impaired growth and development in the mammalian embryo/fetus during pregnancy. In the present study, we hypothesized that IUGR may lead to abnormally regulated DNA methylation in the intestine, causing intestinal dysfunctions. We applied reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) technology to study the jejunum tissues from four newborn IUGR piglets and their normal body weight (NBW) littermates. The results revealed extensively regional DNA methylation changes between IUGR/NBW pairs from different gilts, affecting dozens of genes. Hiseq-based bisulfite sequencing PCR (Hiseq-BSP) was used for validations of 19 genes with epigenetic abnormality, confirming three genes (AIFM1, MTMR1, and TWIST2) in extra samples. Furthermore, integrated analysis of these 19 genes with proteome data indicated that there were three main genes (BCAP31, IRAK1, and AIFM1) interacting with important immunity- or metabolism-related proteins, which could explain the potential intestinal dysfunctions of IUGR piglets. We conclude that IUGR can lead to disparate DNA methylation in the intestine and these changes may affect several important biological processes such as cell apoptosis, cell differentiation, and immunity, which provides more clues linking IUGR and its long-term complications.
Topics: Animals; DNA Methylation; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Jejunum; Pregnancy; Sus scrofa
PubMed: 29392408
DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1422-9 -
The Journal of Surgical Research Oct 2011We tested the coupling portion of a prototype intraluminal distraction enterogenesis device to allow flow-through of simulated enteric contents (SEC) in both pig and...
BACKGROUND
We tested the coupling portion of a prototype intraluminal distraction enterogenesis device to allow flow-through of simulated enteric contents (SEC) in both pig and human jejunum.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SEC was made using 80% corn syrup. Ten-cm pig and human intestinal segments had a spoke-shaped 2.2 cm coupling adaptor sutured in place, intraluminally. The adaptor had a flow-through area of 33.6 mm(2). SEC was pumped into the proximal part of the intestinal segment at 0.083 mL/s. The times to first passage of SEC through the coupler (first drop), 10 mL, and 20 mL of SEC eluted from the distal end were recorded.
RESULTS
Mean time to first drop elution was 155 ± 38 s with pig, and 149 ± 22 s with human bowel (P = 0.8). This corresponded to a hydrostatic pressure of 37.5 mmHg before the initial drop passed through. Mean flow rates were 0.094 mL/s in pig bowel and 0.084 mL/s in human bowel (P = 0.09). To account for occlusion from luminal debris, a 75% occlusion of coupler holes was studied in the smaller pig bowel to investigate if reductions in flow-through area could be tolerated. Mean time to first drop increased slightly to 171 ± 15 s, but the elution rate stayed the same (P = 0.5).
CONCLUSIONS
After a physiologic level of initial pressure buildup allowing the first drop of SEC to pass the coupling adaptor, our prototype intestinal coupling adaptor did not obstruct flow-through of SEC, even after a 75% decrease in flow-through area. This type of attachment represents a viable approach to placing a device in-continuity without obstructing flow of enteric contents.
Topics: Animals; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Obstruction; Jejunum; Models, Biological; Pilot Projects; Pressure; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis Design; Short Bowel Syndrome; Stress, Mechanical; Sus scrofa; Viscosity
PubMed: 21571307
DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.03.058 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Dec 2016Patulin (PAT) is a secondary metabolite mainly produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium that is frequently found contaminating apples and rotten fruits. Patulin can be...
Patulin (PAT) is a secondary metabolite mainly produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium that is frequently found contaminating apples and rotten fruits. Patulin can be transformed in potencially less toxic compounds such as ascladiol (ASC). Toxic effects of patulin were described in rats and in in vitro models, however concerning ascladiol, data are restricted to metabolic pathways. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of PAT (10 μM, 30 μM, 100 μM) and ASC (30 μM, 100 μM) on intestinal tissue using the jejunal explant model. Explants from pigs were exposed for 4 h to PAT and ASC and after this period were processed for histological, morphometrical and immunohistochemical analysis. Mild histological changes were observed in jejunal explants exposed to PAT and ASC, however no significant difference in the lesional score or villi height was observed between the PAT/ASC-groups and the control. Also, explants exposed to 100 μM of PAT showed a significant decrease in goblet cells density and a significant increase in cell apoptosis. These results indicate that high levels of patulin can induce mild toxic effects on intestinal mucosa whereas ascladiol apparently is non-toxic to intestinal tissue.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Furans; Immunohistochemistry; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Patulin; Rats; Swine; Tissue Culture Techniques
PubMed: 27717802
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.10.001 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2015Nanomedicine has recently emerged as a better option for the treatment of various diseases. Here, we investigated the in vivo anticoccidial properties of zinc oxide...
Nanomedicine has recently emerged as a better option for the treatment of various diseases. Here, we investigated the in vivo anticoccidial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs). ZNPs were crystalline in nature, with a smooth and spherical surface and a diameter in the range of ~10-15 nm. The X-ray diffraction pattern was utilized to identify the crystalline property of the grown ZNPs, whereas field emission scanning electron microscopy was employed to check the size and morphology of the ZNPs. The data showed that mice infected with Eimeria papillata produced 29.7×10(3)±1,500 oocysts/g feces on day 5 postinfection. This output was significantly decreased, to 12.5×10(3)±1,000 oocysts, in mice treated with ZNPs. Infection also induced inflammation and injury of the jejunum. This was evidenced (1) through an increase in the inflammatory histological score, (2) through increased production of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde, and (3) through a decrease in both the glutathione level and goblet cell number in mice jejuna. All these infection-induced parameters were significantly altered during treatment with ZNPs. Our results indicate, therefore, that ZNPs have protective effects against E. papillata-induced coccidiosis.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Coccidiosis; Coccidiostats; Eimeria; Jejunum; Metal Nanoparticles; Mice; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 25792829
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S79944 -
BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology Sep 2016Statins are used for treatment of hypercholestremia. Common adverse reports associated with use of statins are generalized bodyache, rhabdomyolysis, muscles weakness and...
BACKGROUND
Statins are used for treatment of hypercholestremia. Common adverse reports associated with use of statins are generalized bodyache, rhabdomyolysis, muscles weakness and gastrointestinal disorders. The current work is an attempt to explain how smooth muscles of gastrointestinal tissues are affected by the current statins (Simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin and rosuvastatin).
METHODS
Effects of the current statins were studied on spontaneous activity of isolated rabbits' jejunal preparations. Different molar concentrations (10(-12)-10(-2)M) of the statins were applied on spontaneously contracting rabbits' jejunal preparations. As statins relaxed spontaneous activity, so we tested the statins on KCl (80 mM) induced contractions in similar test concentrations. Positive relaxant statins were tested again through construction of Calcium Concentration Response Curves (CCRCs) in the absence and presence of the statins using verapamil, a standard calcium channel blocker. CCRCs of statins were compared with CCRCs of verapamil.
RESULTS
Simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin and rosuvastatin relaxed the spontaneous and KCl-induced contractions. IC50 for simvastatin on spontaneous rabbit's jejunal preparations is -5.08 ± 0.1 Log 10 M. Similarly, IC50 for KCl-induced contractions is -4.25 ± 0.01 Log 10 M. Mean IC50 (Log 10 M) for atorvastatin on spontaneous rabbit's jejunal preparations and KCl-induced contractions are -5.19 ± 0.07 and -4.37 ± 0.09, respectively. Fluvastatin relaxed spontaneous activity of rabbits' jejunal preparations with an IC50 (Log 10 M) -4.5 ± 0.03. Rosuvastatin relaxed spontaneous as well as KCl (80 mM) induced contractions with respective IC50 (Log 10 M) -3.62 ± 0.04 and -4.57 ± 0.06. In case of CCRCs, tissues pre-treated with 4.6 μg/ml of simvastatin, have IC50 = -1.84 ± 0.03 [log (Ca(++)) M] vs control IC50 = -2.54 ± 0.04 [log (Ca(++)) M]. Similarly, atorvastatin, fluvastatin and rosuvastatin produced significant right shift in IC50 for CCRCs (P ≤ 0.05). In case of verapamil, IC50 for control curves is -2.45 ± 0.06 [log (Ca (++)) M], while IC50 in presence of verapamil (0.1 μM) is -1.69 ± 0.05 [log (Ca (++)) M]. Statins produced right shift in the IC50 of CCRCs. The effects of statins are like that of effects of verapamil, a standard calcium channel blocker.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that current statins have calcium antagonistic effects that act on voltage gated calcium channels that may provide a rationale for cause muscle weakness and gastrointestinal disorders.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Muscle Relaxation; Rabbits
PubMed: 27649899
DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0086-5 -
The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry Aug 2010Dietary fiber reduces the intestinal absorption of nutrients and the blood concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides.
Beta-glucan extracts inhibit the in vitro intestinal uptake of long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol and down-regulate genes involved in lipogenesis and lipid transport in rats.
BACKGROUND
Dietary fiber reduces the intestinal absorption of nutrients and the blood concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides.
AIM
We wished to test the hypothesis that high-viscosity (HV) and low-viscosity preparations of barley and oat beta-glucan modify the expression of selected genes of lipid-binding proteins in the intestinal mucosa and reduce the intestinal in vitro uptake of lipids.
METHODS
Five different beta-glucan extracts were separately added to test solutions at concentrations of 0.1-0.5% (wt/wt), and the in vitro intestinal uptake of lipids into the intestine of rats was assessed. An intestinal cell line was used to determine the effect of beta-glucan extracts on the expression of intestinal genes involved in lipid metabolism and fatty acid transport.
RESULTS
All extracts reduced the uptake of 18:2 when the effective resistance of the unstirred water layer was high. When the unstirred layer resistance was low, the HV oat beta-glucan extract reduced jejunal 18:2 uptake, while most extracts reduced ileal 18:2 uptake. Ileal 18:0 uptake was reduced by the HV barley extract, while both jejunal and ileal cholesterol uptakes were reduced by the medium-purity HV barley extract. The inhibitory effect of HV barley beta-glucan on 18:0 and 18:2 uptake was more pronounced at higher fatty acid concentrations. The expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol metabolism was down-regulated with the HV beta-glucan extracts. beta-Glucan extracts also reduced intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein and fatty acid transport protein 4 mRNA.
CONCLUSIONS
The reduced intestinal fatty acid uptake observed with beta-glucan is associated with inhibition of genes regulating intestinal uptake and synthesis of lipids. The inhibitory effect of beta-glucan on intestinal lipid uptake raises the possibility of their selective use to reduce their intestinal absorption.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cholesterol; DNA Primers; Down-Regulation; Fatty Acids; Female; Jejunum; Lipid Metabolism; Lipogenesis; Male; Rats; beta-Glucans
PubMed: 19716281
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.04.003 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports May 2021Jejunal lymphatic malformations are congenital lesions that are seldom diagnosed in adults and rarely seen on imaging.
BACKGROUND
Jejunal lymphatic malformations are congenital lesions that are seldom diagnosed in adults and rarely seen on imaging.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 61-year-old Caucasian woman was initially diagnosed and treated for mucinous ovarian carcinoma. After an exploratory laparotomy with left salpingo-oophorectomy, a computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated suspicious fluid-containing lesions involving a segment of jejunum and adjacent mesentery. Resection of the lesion during subsequent debulking surgery revealed that the lesion seen on imaging was a jejunal lymphatic malformation and not a cancerous implant.
CONCLUSIONS
Abdominal lymphatic malformations are difficult to diagnose solely on imaging but should remain on the differential in adult cancer patients with persistent cystic abdominal lesions despite chemotherapy and must be differentiated from metastatic implants.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Adult; Female; Humans; Jejunum; Laparotomy; Mesentery; Middle Aged; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34039402
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-02872-9 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Mar 2010To compare bursting pressures in canine jejunum, measured by use of an in vitro and an in situ bursting pressure technique.
OBJECTIVE
To compare bursting pressures in canine jejunum, measured by use of an in vitro and an in situ bursting pressure technique.
STUDY POPULATION
Cadavers of 3 healthy adult dogs.
PROCEDURES
54 enterotomies were performed on 3 canine cadavers immediately after euthanasia. After completion of enterotomy closure, bursting pressure was measured on 9 jejunal segments by use of an in situ technique and on 9 jejunal segments by use of an in vitro technique for each canine cadaver. Bursting pressure testing time was recorded for both in situ and in vitro techniques. Techniques were compared by means of randomized block ANOVA.
RESULTS
The mean +/- SE in vitro and in situ bursting pressures were 93.63 +/- 24.10 mm Hg and 141.19 +/- 38.10 mm Hg and were not significantly different. Mean in situ testing time was 40.7 min/cadaver; mean in vitro testing time was 50.3 min/cadaver.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The in situ bursting pressure testing technique yielded results similar to those of the in vitro method, was somewhat less labor-intensive, and may be applicable to future studies of live dogs.
Topics: Animals; Cadaver; Dogs; Female; Jejunum; Male; Orchiectomy; Ovariectomy; Pressure
PubMed: 20187840
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.3.370 -
The Journal of Physiology Sep 2013Gastrointestinal extracellular recordings have been a core technique in motility research for a century. However, the bioelectrical basis of extracellular data has...
Gastrointestinal extracellular recordings have been a core technique in motility research for a century. However, the bioelectrical basis of extracellular data has recently been challenged by claims that these techniques preferentially assay movement artifacts, cannot reproduce the underlying slow wave kinetics, and misrepresent the true slow wave frequency. These claims motivated this joint experimental-theoretical study, which aimed to define the sources and validity of extracellular potentials. In vivo extracellular recordings and video capture were performed in the porcine jejunum, before and after intra-arterial nifedipine administration. Gastric extracellular recordings were recorded simultaneously using conventional serosal contact and suction electrodes, and biphasic and monophasic extracellular potentials were simulated in a biophysical model. Contractions were abolished by nifedipine, but extracellular slow waves persisted, with unchanged amplitude, downstroke rate, velocity, and downstroke width (P>0.10 for all), at reduced frequency (24% lower; P=0.03). Simultaneous suction and conventional serosal extracellular recordings were identical in phase (frequency and activation-recovery interval), but varied in morphology (monophasic vs. biphasic; downstroke rate and amplitude: P<0.0001). Simulations demonstrated the field contribution of current flow to extracellular potential and quantified the effects of localised depolarisation due to suction pressure on extracellular potential morphology. In sum, these results demonstrate that gastrointestinal extracellular slow wave recordings cannot be explained by motion artifacts, and are of a bioelectrical origin that is highly consistent with the underlying biophysics of slow wave propagation. Motion suppression is shown to be unnecessary as a routine control in in vivo extracellular studies, supporting the validity of the extant gastrointestinal extracellular literature.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Jejunum; Models, Biological; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating; Nifedipine; Stomach; Swine
PubMed: 23713030
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.254292 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Jejunum; Rupture, Spontaneous; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Abdomen
PubMed: 36307260
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.10.033