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Frontiers in Microbiology 2022In this study, we identified and characterized a novel chromosomally-encoded class B metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) gene designated in a carbapenem-resistant isolate P34...
In this study, we identified and characterized a novel chromosomally-encoded class B metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) gene designated in a carbapenem-resistant isolate P34 isolated from sewage discharged from an animal farm. Comparative analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that WUS-1 shares the highest amino acid similarities with the function-characterized MBLs MUS-1 (AAN63647.1; 70.73%) and TUS-1 (AAN63648.1; 70.32%). The recombinant carrying exhibited increased MICs levels against a number of β-lactam antimicrobials such as carbenicillin, ampicillin and imipenem, and β-lactamase inhibitors (clavulanic acid and tazobactam). The metallo-β-lactamase WUS-1 could also hydrolyze these antimicrobials and the hydrolytic activities could be inhibited by EDTA. Genetic context analysis of revealed that no mobile genetic element was found in its surrounding region. The plasmid pMA84474 of P34 harbored 6 resistance genes ( , , , , and ) within an approximately 17 kb multidrug resistance (MDR) region. These genes, however, were all related to mobile genetic elements.
PubMed: 36532482
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1059997 -
IDCases 2019spp., formerly ., are gram-negative, non-motile, traditionally opportunistic pathogens that are infrequent clinical isolates. spp. have been pathogenically implicated...
spp., formerly ., are gram-negative, non-motile, traditionally opportunistic pathogens that are infrequent clinical isolates. spp. have been pathogenically implicated in only 52 reported cases since the discovery of the genus in the 1920s. We present a case of spp. lower extremity cellulitis and bacteremia. To our knowledge, this is the 16th case of cutaneous infection caused by spp. Etiology of this patient's infection was felt to be related to exposure of his pre-existing lower extremity wounds to soil and water versus a dog lick in the context of relative immunosuppression from type 2 diabetes and chronic inhaled steroid use. Given the characteristic multi-drug resistance of spp., resistance to usual empiric antimicrobials given for cellulitis, and potential for fatal infection in cases of pan-resistance, it is important that clinicians remain alert to the possibility of this rare pathogen.
PubMed: 31538047
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00638 -
Indian Journal of Critical Care... Apr 2024species are ubiquitous in the environment and cause a variety of infections like urinary tract infections (UTI), sepsis, meningitis, cholecystitis, pneumonia, and soft...
AIM AND BACKGROUND
species are ubiquitous in the environment and cause a variety of infections like urinary tract infections (UTI), sepsis, meningitis, cholecystitis, pneumonia, and soft tissue infections, especially among immunocompromised populations. These are usually resistant to multiple antibiotics. This study aimed to demonstrate the clinical profile, underlying comorbidities, and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates obtained from nosocomial UTI cases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A sudden rise in the isolation of spp. from the repeated urine samples of admitted patients alerted us to conduct this retrospective observational study. Urine cultures that grew species were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed and the patient's clinical data was analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 14 spp. isolates were obtained from urine culture. The maximum number of cases (71.4%) were from the Nephrology ward and ICUs. The average (mean) age of patients was 46 years (range 2-80 years). All patients were catheterized. All isolates were multidrug resistant. Minocycline and doxycycline were the only drugs found effective in this study.
CONCLUSIONS
species are emerging rare pathogens that can cause UTI in immunocompromised and catheterized patients. Minocycline may be used for treating such infections.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Sahu C, Chaudhary R, Bhartiya C, Patel SS, Bhatnagar N. A Retrospective Study on UTI by Species: An Emerging Drug Resistant Nosocomial Pathogen. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(4):399-403.
PubMed: 38585315
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24683 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Sep 2023Biological organisms are exposed to low-dose arsenic or N-nitro compounds (NOCs) alone or in combination worldwide, especially in areas with high cancer prevalence...
Biological organisms are exposed to low-dose arsenic or N-nitro compounds (NOCs) alone or in combination worldwide, especially in areas with high cancer prevalence through drinking water or food exposure; however, information on their combined exposure effects is limited. Here, we conducted an in-depth study of the effects on the gut microbiota, metabolomics, and signaling pathways using rat models exposed to arsenic or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), one of the most active carcinogenic NOCs, separately or in combination with metabolomics and high-throughput sequencing. Compared to exposure alone, combined exposure to arsenic and MNNG exacerbated damage to gastric tissue morphology, interfered with intestinal microflora and substance metabolism, and exerted a stronger carcinogenic effect. This may be related to intestinal microbiota disorders, including Dyella, Oscillibacter, Myroides, and metabolic pathways such as glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, central carbon metabolism in cancer, and purine and pyrimidine metabolism, thereby enhancing the cancer-causing effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), P53, and Wnt signaling pathways.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; Stomach Neoplasms; Arsenic; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Metabolome
PubMed: 37418937
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115195 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2022The bacterial genus , like other members of the family, consists of aerobic, non-motile, Gram-negative bacilli. spp. is considered predominantly opportunistic...
The bacterial genus , like other members of the family, consists of aerobic, non-motile, Gram-negative bacilli. spp. is considered predominantly opportunistic pathogens as, historically, most documented infections have been in immunocompromised individuals. Along with advancements in molecular assay testing, there are growing reports of clinically relevant spp. infections in immunocompetent individuals. These organisms display broad antimicrobial resistance, and while research into their mechanisms of resistance is progressing, genetic testing has revealed metallo--lactamases present in their genome. The sporadic identification of spp. and ongoing clarification of resistance patterns make empiric treatment difficult. This report documents two cases of extensively drug-resistant isolated from critically ill but otherwise immunocompetent patients followed by a review of available literature on spp. antibiotic sensitivities. Our findings indicate that minocycline and moxifloxacin have the highest documented activity against spp.
PubMed: 35873406
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6422861 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Dec 2009Although Myroides spp. are primarily isolated from clinical sources, they have also been isolated from freshwater fish, stainless steel weldment and catheter biofilms....
AIMS
Although Myroides spp. are primarily isolated from clinical sources, they have also been isolated from freshwater fish, stainless steel weldment and catheter biofilms. The ability of these nonmotile isolates to adhere to surfaces and the role of hydrophobicity and autoaggregation were investigated.
METHODS
Adherence of Myroides odoratus isolates from tilapia was investigated using microtitre adherence assays under varying environmental conditions. Hydrophobicity, aggregation and coaggregation were measured quantitatively. Biofilm structures were investigated using flow cells and microscopy.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Myroides odoratus isolates were strongly adherent in both nutrient-poor and -rich media at room temperature and nutrient-rich medium at 37 degrees C. Isolates appeared hydrophilic, while autoaggregation indices ranged from 7% to 24.8%. Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between biofilm formation and autoaggregation. Strong coaggregation interactions were observed with several Gram-positive organisms, as well as with Listeria spp. In flow cells, M. odoratus formed an overlying carpet, with knitted chains of L. monocytogenes cells situated underneath attached to the perspex flow cell surface.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY
Myroides odoratus biofilm formation was influenced by temperature variation rather than altered nutrient levels. The association of Myroides spp. with Listeria spp. isolates suggests potential association in biofilm structures when these bacteria colonize biotic and/or abiotic surfaces.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Fish Diseases; Flavobacteriaceae; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Stainless Steel; Temperature; Tilapia
PubMed: 19519668
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04380.x -
MBio Jan 2016A large amount of bacterial biomass is transferred from land to ocean annually. Most transferred bacteria should not survive, but undoubtedly some do. It is unclear what...
UNLABELLED
A large amount of bacterial biomass is transferred from land to ocean annually. Most transferred bacteria should not survive, but undoubtedly some do. It is unclear what mechanisms these bacteria use in order to survive and even thrive in a new marine environment. Myroides profundi D25(T), a member of the Bacteroidetes phylum, was isolated from deep-sea sediment of the southern Okinawa Trough near the China mainland and had high genomic sequence identity to and synteny with the human opportunistic pathogen Myroides odoratimimus. Phylogenetic and physiological analyses suggested that M. profundi recently transitioned from land to the ocean. This provided an opportunity to explore how a bacterial genome evolved to survive in a novel environment. Changes in the transcriptome were evaluated when both species were cultured under low-salinity conditions and then transferred to high-salinity conditions. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that M. profundi altered transcription regulation in the early stages of survival. In these stages, vertically inherited genes played a key role in the survival of M. profundi. The contribution of M. profundi unique genes, some possibly acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), appeared relatively small, and expression levels of unique genes were diminished under the high-salinity conditions. We postulate that HGT genes might play an important role in longer-term adaptation. These results suggested that some human pathogens might have the ability to survive in and adapt to the marine environment, which may have important implications for public health control in coastal regions.
IMPORTANCE
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is considered to be important for bacteria to adapt to a different microhabitat. However, our results showed that vertically inherited genes might play more important roles than HGT genes in the nascent adaptation to the marine environment in the bacterium Myroides profundi, which has recently been transferred from land to ocean. M. profundi unique genes had low expression levels and were less regulated under high-salinity conditions, indicating that the contribution of HGT genes to survival of this bacterium under marine high-salinity conditions was limited. In the early adaptation stages, M. profundi apparently survived and adapted mainly by regulating the expression of inherited core genes. These results may explain in part why human pathogens can easily be detected in marine environments.
Topics: Bacteroidetes; China; Culture Media; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genetic Speciation; Genome, Bacterial; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 26758181
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01946-15 -
3 Biotech Feb 2018This study focused on the identification of free cyanide (CDO) and thiocyanate (TDO) degrading microbial communities using a culture-dependent and independent approach....
This study focused on the identification of free cyanide (CDO) and thiocyanate (TDO) degrading microbial communities using a culture-dependent and independent approach. Culturable microbial species were isolated from the CDOs ( = 13) and TDOs ( = 18). The CDOs were largely dominated by sp. while the TDOs were dominated by sp., , sp. and sp. However, 16S rRNA amplicon gene-sequencing revealed the complexity and diversity of the microbial communities in contrast to the organisms that were detected using culture-dependent technique. Overall, the organisms were mainly dominated by and sp. at 37.82 and 30.5% for CDOs, and 35.26 and 17.58% for TDOs, respectively. The co-culturing of the CDOs and TDOs resulted in biochemical changes of key metabolic enzymes, and this resulted in the complete degradation of CN and SCN simultaneously; a phenomenon which has not been witnessed, especially under alkaline conditions. Current ongoing studies are focused on the application of these organisms for the biodegradation of CN and SCN in a continuous system, under changing operational parameters, to assess their effectiveness in the biodegradation of CN and SCN.
PubMed: 29430355
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1124-3 -
Microorganisms Mar 2022Plant-growth-promoting endophytes (PGPE) are a kind of beneficial microorganisms which could inhabit plant tissues to antagonize certain plant pathogens and promote the...
Plant-growth-promoting endophytes (PGPE) are a kind of beneficial microorganisms which could inhabit plant tissues to antagonize certain plant pathogens and promote the host plant's growth and development. At present, many studies have confirmed the mutualistic effect of endophytes with plants, but there are few systematic studies on beneficial roles between endophytes and , especially on the PGPE characteristics of the forage and environmental restoration plant. This study aimed to isolate PGPE from , evaluate their effects on plant growth, and ultimately acquire desirable microbial inoculants for agricultural use. First, endophytes were isolated from by plant re-inoculation experiment, and identified by morphological and molecular analyses. Fixation medium and methods were carried out to assess the nitrogen fixation ability of the strains. Then, the ability to dissolve phosphorus was determined by the Olsen and silicate medium methods; secretory IAA was measured by Salkowski colorimetric method; and the inhibitive effects on phytopathogen were observed by confrontation culture. Twenty-one strains were isolated from four varieties of , among which 14 strains with plant-growth-promoting characteristics were obtained by re-inoculation experiments, including seven endophytic bacteria and seven endophytic fungi. Further evaluation of three selected strains with the most significant PGP attributes were performed by using the pot re-inoculation experiment which revealed that TG2-B derived from was the most effective plant-growth-promoting agent due to its ability to produce high levels of IAA; the strain exhibited the most robust ability in dissolving inorganic phosphorus; and manifested a conspicuously antagonistic effect against a variety of plant pathogens. For the first time, this study reports the identification of endophytes that were able to promote plant growth and have a considerable antagonistic effects on plant pathogens, which could be considered as microbial inoculants for using in improving crop production and plant disease control.
PubMed: 35456782
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040731 -
IJID Regions Jun 2024Rare human pathogens are infrequently observed clinically but can lead to undiagnosed infections, delays in treatment, severe complications, including death. Traditional... (Review)
Review
Rare human pathogens are infrequently observed clinically but can lead to undiagnosed infections, delays in treatment, severe complications, including death. Traditional diagnostic tools cannot routinely detect rare infections in public health settings. This study focuses on the incidence and outcomes of rare pathogenic microorganisms over 13 years (2010-2022) using PubMed database to obtain epidemiological data on rare bacterial, parasitic, and fungal infections in hospitals throughout India. A total of 974 articles were screened using case studies, datasets, comments, classical articles, letters, editorials, observational studies, and meta-analyses. Our analysis identified 28 rare bacteria, six parasites, and five fungal species infections in India. Fatal cases were associated with rare bacterial and fungal infections, including two from pan-drug-resistant bacteria (both from the genus). A total of 10 bacterial species displayed multi-drug resistance; one was extensively drug-resistant, and eight remained unclassified. Of the 83 patients with these rare infections, the mortality was ∼8.4% (seven of 83). Considering drug resistance and high mortality, prompt diagnosis of rare pathogens is crucial to controlling their spread. An increased awareness within the Indian health care system focusing on diagnostics, record keeping, and data sharing will be necessary to enhance surveillance.
PubMed: 38646508
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100359