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Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 1996Disseminated Acremonium strictum infection in a neutropenic patient is reported. Positive fecal cultures preceded positive cutaneous and blood cultures by 18 and 21... (Review)
Review
Disseminated Acremonium strictum infection in a neutropenic patient is reported. Positive fecal cultures preceded positive cutaneous and blood cultures by 18 and 21 days, respectively, which suggests gastrointestinal colonization and invasion as initiating events. Microscopic examination of cutaneous biopsy and pulmonary specimens revealed hyphae, phialides, and phialoconidia in vivo. These adventitious forms also can occur in infections due to other phialidic fungi such as Fusarium and Paecilomyces species and can be misdiagnosed as Candida species. Budding cells also can occur in vivo for species of Fusarium, Paecilomyces, and apparently Acremonium, further adding to the potential for misdiagnosis. The occurrence of adventitious forms in infections caused by species of Acremonium, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Scedosporium, and Blastoschizomyces is suggested as a mechanism for dissemination of infection and as an explanation of the relatively higher frequency of positive blood cultures in these cases.
Topics: Acremonium; Fatal Outcome; Feces; Fungemia; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Neutropenia; Opportunistic Infections; Skin; Time Factors
PubMed: 8727935
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.5.1333-1336.1996 -
Polish Journal of Microbiology Dec 2019The progress of research on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has led to their inclusion in many consumer products (chemicals, cosmetics, clothing, water filters, and medical...
The progress of research on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has led to their inclusion in many consumer products (chemicals, cosmetics, clothing, water filters, and medical devices) as a biocide. Despite the widespread use of AgNPs, their biocidal activity is not yet fully understood and is usually associated with various factors (size, composition, surface, red-ox potential, and concentration) and, obviously, specific features of microorganisms. There are merely a few studies concerning the interaction of molds with AgNPs. Therefore, the determination of the minimal AgNPs concentration required for effective growth suppression of five fungal species (, and ), involved in the deterioration of construction materials, was particularly important. Inhibition of bacteria (, and ) and yeasts ( and ) was also assessed as the control of AgNPs effectiveness. AgNPs at the concentrations of 9-10.7 ppm displayed high inhibitory activity against moulds, yeast, and bacteria. The TEM images revealed that 20 nm AgNPs migrated into bacterial, yeast, and fungal cells but aggregated in larger particles (50-100 nm) exclusively inside eukaryotic cells. The aggregation of 20 nm AgNPs and particularly their accumulation in the cell wall, observed for cells, are described here for the first time. The progress of research on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has led to their inclusion in many consumer products (chemicals, cosmetics, clothing, water filters, and medical devices) as a biocide. Despite the widespread use of AgNPs, their biocidal activity is not yet fully understood and is usually associated with various factors (size, composition, surface, red-ox potential, and concentration) and, obviously, specific features of microorganisms. There are merely a few studies concerning the interaction of molds with AgNPs. Therefore, the determination of the minimal AgNPs concentration required for effective growth suppression of five fungal species (, and ), involved in the deterioration of construction materials, was particularly important. Inhibition of bacteria (, and ) and yeasts ( and ) was also assessed as the control of AgNPs effectiveness. AgNPs at the concentrations of 9–10.7 ppm displayed high inhibitory activity against moulds, yeast, and bacteria. The TEM images revealed that 20 nm AgNPs migrated into bacterial, yeast, and fungal cells but aggregated in larger particles (50–100 nm) exclusively inside eukaryotic cells. The aggregation of 20 nm AgNPs and particularly their accumulation in the cell wall, observed for cells, are described here for the first time.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bacteria; Candida albicans; Cell Wall; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Silver
PubMed: 31880895
DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2019-051 -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... May 2022The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, the United... (Review)
Review
The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, the United Kingdom, for the pesticide active substance strain PL11 and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of strain PL11 as nematicide on tomato, pepper, aubergine, cucumber, courgette, melon, watermelon, pumpkin (field and greenhouse applications). The reliable endpoints appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed.
PubMed: 35582366
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.6393 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2016The use of biological agents has been intensified in recent years against eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes as an alternative control method in pasture plant...
The use of biological agents has been intensified in recent years against eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes as an alternative control method in pasture plant health management, with the concomitant use with antiparasitic drugs still occurring. The aim of this study was to test the in vitro activity of the following antiparasitic drugs: Ivermectin and albendazole against the following nematophagous fungi: Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Paecilomyces lilacinus and Paecilomyces variotii. The agar diffusion test was performed using an initial concentration of 0.0016g/mL of each drug, after solidification of the culture medium containing the drug concentration each nematophagous fungi was inoculated. The results showed that in a concentration of 80μg/mL, the fungal growth decreased, however, with the concentration of 160μg/mL, there was no fungal growth in both drugs, compared to the control, which indicates an inhibition in the development of the nematophagous fungi studied when they come in contact with ivermectin and albendazole.
Topics: Albendazole; Antiparasitic Agents; Ivermectin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Paecilomyces
PubMed: 27224732
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.05615 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022/ has recently been recognized as an emerging human pathogen, causing serious infection in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Several predisposing factors...
/ has recently been recognized as an emerging human pathogen, causing serious infection in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Several predisposing factors have been reported, including foreign body implants, previous surgery, or trauma. Treatment with antifungal drugs often fails as species-specific differences in antifungal susceptibilities are one of the management challenges. Surgical debridement with or without antifungal therapy was sufficient to cure the infection in a few reported cases. Nonetheless, the surgical approach has been found to decrease the chance of dissemination and recurrence. Here, we report the first pediatric patient with chronic osteomyelitis of the femur secondary to species, with no predisposing risk factors. Our case was successfully treated with a combination of antifungal therapy and surgical debridement. Additionally, we describe the first extensive literature review of previously reported / species infections in pediatric age groups.
PubMed: 36135655
DOI: 10.3390/jof8090930 -
Journal of Natural Products Oct 2020Fifty-seven entomopathogenic microorganisms were screened against human pathogens and subjected to mass spectrometry molecular networking based dereplication....
Fifty-seven entomopathogenic microorganisms were screened against human pathogens and subjected to mass spectrometry molecular networking based dereplication. BSNB-1250, shown to produce potentially novel biologically active metabolites, was grown on a large scale on potato dextrose agar, and paecilosetin () and five new analogues (-) were subsequently isolated. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR. The absolute configurations of compounds - were determined using Mosher ester derivatives (, , ), comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra (- and ), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (). Compounds and exhibited strong antibacterial activity against MSSA and MRSA with MIC values of 1-2 μg/mL.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Cordyceps; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Paecilomyces; Pyrrolidinones
PubMed: 33021377
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00444 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... Aug 2018This study reports the first assessment of endophytic fungi isolated from strawberry leaves and selection of isolates for the control of Duponchelia fovealis, a new pest...
This study reports the first assessment of endophytic fungi isolated from strawberry leaves and selection of isolates for the control of Duponchelia fovealis, a new pest of strawberries. A total of 400 strawberry leaves of the cultivar 'Albion' were collected in four commercial farms. Leaves were disinfected, cut in fragments, and placed on Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar media with tetracycline and incubated for 30 days. Following this time, 517 fungal colonies were isolated, and thirteen genera were identified: Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Nigrospora, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Chaetomium, Alternaria, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Ulocladium, Bipolaris, Diaporthe, and Phoma. Eight isolates belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Diaporthe, Paecilomyces, and Cladosporium were selected for pathogenicity bioassays against third instar larvae of D. fovealis. Isolates of Paecilomyces induced the highest mortality rates.
Topics: Animals; Fragaria; Larva; Lepidoptera; Paecilomyces; Pest Control, Biological; Plant Diseases; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 29160362
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.166681 -
MycoKeys 2022Clavicipitaceous fungi are pathogenic to scale insects, white flies and other insect orders. However, a few species are spider-associated. Two new genera from China,...
Clavicipitaceous fungi are pathogenic to scale insects, white flies and other insect orders. However, a few species are spider-associated. Two new genera from China, and , are described based on phylogenetic, ecological and morphological characteristics. Two spider-associated species, , , and an insect-associated species are included. The morphological characteristics of paecilomyces-like conidiogenous structures, present in many insect/spiders associated species make species-level identifications difficult. A phylogenetic analysis of the combined dataset (ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TEF), placed the two new genera in Clavicipitaceae. The new spider-associated species may be the result of convergent evolution to adapt to the ecological environment and may have undergone host jumping or altered their nutritional preferences.
PubMed: 36760893
DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.91.86812 -
European Journal of Case Reports in... 2019Fungal infections caused by species are rare. Although most cases of human infection occur in immunocompromised patients, this species is also being increasingly...
UNLABELLED
Fungal infections caused by species are rare. Although most cases of human infection occur in immunocompromised patients, this species is also being increasingly recognized as a pathogen in immunocompetent individuals. and are the most common pathogens in humans. infection usually manifests as peritonitis, pneumonia or endophthalmitis. We present the case of an 84-year-old immunocompromised patient with interstitial lung disease, who developed pulmonary mycetoma with isolation of in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture. We found one similar case in the literature, but species was not identified. Therefore, this is the first described case of pulmonary mycetoma caused by .
LEARNING POINTS
are rare causes of fungal infection in humans and occur more frequently in immunocompromised patients. variotii is one of the most common pathogens of this species and is associated with peritonitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, endophthalmitis and fungaemia.To the date, pulmonary mycetoma caused by has been described in only one patient in the literature.
PubMed: 30931270
DOI: 10.12890/2019_001040 -
Biomedicines Apr 2021Marine-associated fungal strains act as a valuable reservoir of bioactive diverse secondary metabolites including alkaloids which are highly popular by their biological... (Review)
Review
Marine-associated fungal strains act as a valuable reservoir of bioactive diverse secondary metabolites including alkaloids which are highly popular by their biological activities. This review highlighted the chemistry and biology of alkaloids isolated from twenty-six fungal genera associated with marine organisms and marine sea sediments. The selected fungi are from different marine sources without focusing on mangroves. The studied fungal genera comprises , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and Around 347 alkaloid metabolites were isolated and identified via chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques comprising 1D and 2D NMR (one and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance) which were further confirmed using HR-MS (high resolution mass spectrometry) and Mosher reactions for additional ascertaining of the stereochemistry. About 150 alkaloids showed considerable effect with respect to the tested activities. Most of the reported bioactive alkaloids showed considerable biological activities mainly cytotoxic followed by antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant; however, a few showed anti-inflammatory and antifouling activities. However, the rest of the compounds showed weak or no activity toward the tested biological activities and required further investigations for additional biological activities. Thus, alkaloids isolated from marine-associated fungi can afford an endless source of new drug entities that could serve as leads for drug discovery combating many human ailments.
PubMed: 33925060
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050485