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Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2016Fungal infection of the paranasal sinuses is an increasingly recognised entity, both in normal and immunocompromised individuals. The recent increase in mycotic nasal... (Review)
Review
Fungal infection of the paranasal sinuses is an increasingly recognised entity, both in normal and immunocompromised individuals. The recent increase in mycotic nasal and paranasal infections is due to both improved diagnostic research and an increase in the conditions that favour fungal infection. Aspergillus, Candida, and Mucor species are the most common causative agents of fungal sinusitis, but infection with lesser known species have been reported across the world infrequently. This article reviews and presents a case report of chronic fungal sinusitis in an immunocompetent adult male infected with Paecilomyces variotii which is opportunistic soil saprophyte, uncommon to humans.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Global Health; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Paecilomyces; Rhinitis; Sinusitis
PubMed: 26776131
DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.174126 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jun 2024BACKGROUND PAECILOMYCES: and Penicillium are considered as rare opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised hosts, and pneumonia caused by Paecilomyces and Penicillium...
BACKGROUND PAECILOMYCES: and Penicillium are considered as rare opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised hosts, and pneumonia caused by Paecilomyces and Penicillium is rare. In this study, we present first case of severe pneumonia with pleural effusion caused by co-infection of Paecilomyces variotii (P. variotii) and Penicillium oxalicum (P. oxalicum) in a 66-year-old female with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. CASE PRESENTATION: A 56-year-old woman patient presented to hospital for nausea, poor appetite, and vomiting for one day. On the second day of admission, blood culture and renal puncture fluid culture grew multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (imipenem/cilastatin sensitive), and she received combination therapy with imipenem/cilastatin (1 g, every 8 h) and vancomycin (0.5 g, every 12 h). On the fourth day, she developed symptoms of respiratory failure. Pulmonary computed tomography (CT) showed an increase in pneumonia compared to before, with minor pleural effusion on both sides. Two fungi were isolated repeatedly from BALF culture, which were confirmed as P. variotii and P. oxalicum by Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Her pleural effusion was completely absorbed, pneumonia symptoms have significantly improved and discharged with receiving liposomal amphotericin B treatment for four weeks. CONCLUSIONS: It is worth noting that clinicians and laboratory personnel should not simply consider Paecilomyces and Penicillium species as contaminants, especially in immunocompromised patients. Early fungal identification and antifungal drug sensitivity are crucial for clinical drug selection and patient prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Penicillium; Pleural Effusion; Middle Aged; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Coinfection; Paecilomyces; Pneumonia; Mycoses; Immunocompromised Host; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents
PubMed: 38898444
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09496-6 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2019Natural () has been utilized extensively in traditional Chinese medicine to treat chronic renal diseases, heart palpitations, infantile convulsions, and dizziness.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Natural () has been utilized extensively in traditional Chinese medicine to treat chronic renal diseases, heart palpitations, infantile convulsions, and dizziness. However, given its slow growth and immoderate exploitation, resources have been severely depleted. By contrast, (), as the anamorph stage of , is easy to cultivate, and this kind of cultivated has good and controllable quality.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of and on adenine-induced chronic renal failure (CRF) rats. In accordance with the aforementioned studies, our work subsequently analyzed the intrinsic relationships between the efficacy and pharmacodynamic substances of and to conclude whether or not could be used as an alternative to in treating CRF.
METHODS
Rats were administered with (1.0 g/kg) or (1.0 g/kg) by gavage for 4 weeks. Furthermore, we applied Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and ultraviolet spectrophotometry to comprehensively detect and analyze the chemical constituent differences from ten batches each of and .
RESULTS
This study revealed that both and exerted obvious therapeutic effects on CRF and were more consistent with their chemical compositions.
CONCLUSION
can be used as an alternative to for treating CRF to cater to market demands.
Topics: Adenine; Animals; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Chromatography, Liquid; Cordyceps; Disease Models, Animal; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Oxidative Stress; Paecilomyces; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 30587931
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S180543 -
Mycology 2023During a field survey of cultivated mushroom diseases, and , causal agents of pileus rot or white mould disease were detected, which resulted in up to 80% of yield...
During a field survey of cultivated mushroom diseases, and , causal agents of pileus rot or white mould disease were detected, which resulted in up to 80% of yield losses. Multi-locus phylogenic analysis revealed that the fungi were affiliated in a distinct clade in . We further constructed a phylogenetic tree with broader sampling in and estimated the divergence times. The and clades were estimated to have diverged from around 129 MYA and fam. nov is herein proposed to accommodate species in this clade. Two new genera, i.e. and were introduced based on morphological characteristics and phylogenic relationships of longispora and , respectively. Five new combinations - , and - were proposed.
PubMed: 36816772
DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2143919 -
Waste Management (New York, N.Y.) Jun 2024This study aims to investigate the microbiological working environment of biowaste workers, focusing on airborne fungal and bacterial species exposure, size...
This study aims to investigate the microbiological working environment of biowaste workers, focusing on airborne fungal and bacterial species exposure, size distribution, and species on workers' hands. The research, conducted across six plants with 45 personal exposure assessments, revealed a total of 150 bacterial species and 47 fungal species on workers' hands, including 19 and 9 species classified in risk class 2 (RC2), respectively. Workers' exposure analysis identified 172 bacterial and 32 fungal species, with several in RC2. In work areas, 55 anaerobic bacterial species belonging to RC2 were found. Different species compositions were observed in various particle size fractions, with the highest species richness for anaerobic bacteria in the fraction potentially depositing in the secondary bronchi and for fungi in the pharynx fraction. The geometric mean aerodynamic diameter (D) of RC2 anaerobic bacteria was 3.9 µm, <1.6 µm for Streptomyces, 3.4 µm for Aspergillus, and 2.0 µm for Penicillium. Overlapping species were identified on workers' hands, in their exposure, and in work areas, with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus casseliflavus, and Aspergillus niger consistently present. While the majority of RC2 bacterial species lacked documented associations with occupational health problems, certain bacteria and fungi, including Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Lichtheimia corymbifera, Lichtheimia ramosa, and Paecilomyces variotii, have previously been linked to occupational health issues. In conclusion, biowaste workers were exposed to a wide range of microorganisms including RC2 species which would deposit in different parts of the airways.
Topics: Humans; Fungi; Bacteria; Occupational Exposure; Air Microbiology; Hand; Environmental Monitoring; Inhalation Exposure; Air Pollutants, Occupational
PubMed: 38788497
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.05.018 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 1995
Topics: Cornea; Eye Infections, Fungal; Humans; Keratitis; Paecilomyces
PubMed: 7662651
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.79.7.711 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2018Species in the genus , a member of the fungal order Eurotiales, are ubiquitous in nature and impact a variety of human endeavors. Here, the biology of one common...
Species in the genus , a member of the fungal order Eurotiales, are ubiquitous in nature and impact a variety of human endeavors. Here, the biology of one common species, , was explored using genomics and functional genetics. Sequencing the genome of two isolates revealed key genome and gene features in this species. A striking feature of the genome was the two-part nature, featuring large stretches of DNA with normal GC content separated by AT-rich regions, a hallmark of many plant-pathogenic fungal genomes. These AT-rich regions appeared to have been mutated by repeat-induced point (RIP) mutations. We developed methods for genetic transformation of , including forward and reverse genetics as well as crossing techniques. Using transformation and crossing, RIP activity was identified, demonstrating for the first time that RIP is an active process within the order Eurotiales. A consequence of RIP is likely reflected by a reduction in numbers of genes within gene families, such as in cell wall degradation, and reflected by growth limitations on on diverse carbon sources. Furthermore, using these transformation tools we characterized a conserved protein containing a domain of unknown function (DUF1212) and discovered it is involved in pigmentation.
PubMed: 30619145
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03058 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2016The lipases have ability to catalyze diverse reactions and are important in different biotechnological applications. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterize...
The lipases have ability to catalyze diverse reactions and are important in different biotechnological applications. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterize microorganisms that produce lipases, from different food industry effluents localized in Pelotas, RS/Brazil. Bacteria were identified using Gram stain and biochemical tests (Vitek 2(r)). Fungi were identified according to macro and micromorphology characteristics. The extracellular lipase production was evaluated using the Rhodamine B test and the enzymatic activity by titration. Twenty-one bacteria were isolated and identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter aerogenes, Raoultella ornithinolytica and Raoultella planticola. Were characterized isolated filamentous fungi by the following genera: Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Geotrichum sp., Gliocladium sp., Mucor sp., Paecilomyces sp. and Trichoderma sp. Extracellular lipase production was observed in 71.43% of the bacteria and 57.14% of the fungi. The bacterium that presented better promising enzymatic activity was E. aerogenes (1.54 U/ml) however between fungi there was not significant difference between the four isolates. This study indicated that microorganisms lipase producers are present in the industrial effluents, as well as these enzymes have potential of biodegradation of lipid compounds.
Topics: Bacteria; Bioprospecting; Brazil; Enterobacter aerogenes; Fungi; Industrial Waste; Lipase
PubMed: 27556331
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620150550 -
ACS Omega Jul 2022Coated diammonium phosphate (CDAP) is intended to release nutrients steadily in response to the demand of crop growth. A novel biostimulant extracted from has been...
Coated diammonium phosphate (CDAP) is intended to release nutrients steadily in response to the demand of crop growth. A novel biostimulant extracted from has been shown to regulate gene expression in nutrient transport, enhance nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake, and improve nutrient use efficiency. The application of CDAP combined with the extracts (ZNC) in maize is an efficient approach for reducing waste of resources, improving nutrient supply, and maintaining production stability. The effects of CDAP combined with ZNC on photosynthesis, enzyme activities, endogenous hormone content, maize yield, and P use efficiency (PUE) were investigated in this study. In a pot experiment, CDAP and diammonium phosphate (DAP) were tested together with P levels (1.80, 1.44 g pot, PO) and two ZNC application rates (0, 4.4 μg pot), which included the control treatment that had no P fertilizer added. Results showed that the key influencing elements of maize growth and yield were the soil available-P content, endogenous hormone content, and plant photosynthesis in this study. The combination of DAP and ZNC increased the soil available-P content and the auxin content in leaves at the key stage and hence increased the yield and PUE of maize, compared with DAP. The net photosynthetic rate of CDAP combined with ZNC was higher by 23.1% than that of CDAP alone, as well as by 32.0% than that of DAP combined with ZNC. Moreover, the combination of CDAP and ZNC increased the yield and PUE by 8.2% and 15.6 percentage points compared with DAP combined with ZNC while increasing the yield and PUE compared with CDAP. In conclusion, combining CDAP with ZNC as an environmentally friendly fertilizer could improve photosynthesis-related enzyme activity and enhance the net photosynthetic rate, resulting in an increase in maize yield and PUE significantly.
PubMed: 35847329
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02102 -
Biomolecules Sep 2022Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are a promising substrate that can be valorized by biotechnological processes, such as for short-chain organic acid (SCOA) production, but...
Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are a promising substrate that can be valorized by biotechnological processes, such as for short-chain organic acid (SCOA) production, but their complex structure implies the application of a pretreatment step to increase their biodegradability. Physicochemical pretreatments are widely studied but have multiple drawbacks. An alternative is the application of biological pretreatments that include using fungi and that naturally can degrade complex substrates such as SCGs. This study intended to compare acidic and basic hydrolysis and supercritical CO extraction with the application of these fungi. The highest concentration of SCOAs, 2.52 gCOD/L, was achieved after the acidification of SCGs pretreated with acid hydrolysis, but a very similar result, 2.44 gCOD/L, was obtained after submerged fermentation of SCGs by . This pretreatment also resulted in the best acidification degree, 48%, a very promising result compared to the 13% obtained with the control, untreated SCGs, highlighting the potential of biological pretreatments.
Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Coffee; Fermentation; Hydrolysis; Trametes
PubMed: 36139123
DOI: 10.3390/biom12091284