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British Medical Journal Feb 1973
Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Meningitis, Viral; Mumps; Orchitis; Pain; Pregnancy
PubMed: 4685627
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5849.338 -
British Medical Journal May 1967
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Humans; Parotitis; Sarcoidosis; Uveitis
PubMed: 6023961
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Mar 2020Mumps is an acute viral infection characterized by inflammation of the parotid and other salivary glands. Persons with mumps are infectious from 2 days before through 5... (Review)
Review
Mumps is an acute viral infection characterized by inflammation of the parotid and other salivary glands. Persons with mumps are infectious from 2 days before through 5 days after parotitis onset, and transmission is through respiratory droplets. Despite the success of mumps vaccination programs in the United States and parts of Europe, a recent increase in outbreaks of mumps virus infections among fully vaccinated populations has been reported. Although the effectiveness of the mumps virus component of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is suboptimal, a range of contributing factors has led to these outbreaks occurring in high-vaccination-coverage settings, including the intensity of exposure, the possibility of vaccine strain mismatch, delayed implementation of control measures due to the timeliness of reporting, a lack of use of appropriate laboratory tests (such as reverse transcription-PCR), and time since last vaccination. The resurgence of mumps virus infections among previously vaccinated individuals over the past decade has prompted discussions about new strategies to mitigate the risk of future outbreaks. The decision to implement a third dose of the MMR vaccine in response to an outbreak should be considered in discussions with local public health agencies. Traditional public health measures, including the isolation of infectious persons, timely contact tracing, and effective communication and awareness education for the public and medical community, should remain key interventions for outbreak control. Maintaining high mumps vaccination coverage remains key to U.S. and global efforts to reduce disease incidence and rates of complications.
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Immunization Programs; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Vaccination Coverage
PubMed: 32102901
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00151-19 -
The Journal of Pediatrics Dec 2021To assess pediatricians' mumps knowledge and testing practices, to identify physician and practice characteristics associated with mumps testing practices, and to assess...
OBJECTIVES
To assess pediatricians' mumps knowledge and testing practices, to identify physician and practice characteristics associated with mumps testing practices, and to assess reporting and outbreak response knowledge and practices.
STUDY DESIGN
Between January and April 2020, we surveyed a nationally representative network of pediatricians. Descriptive statistics were generated for all items. The χ test, t tests, and Poisson regression were used to compare physician and practice characteristics between respondents who would rarely or never versus sometimes or often/always test for mumps in a vaccinated 17-year-old with parotitis in a non-outbreak setting.
RESULTS
The response rate was 67% (297 of 444). For knowledge, more than one-half of the pediatricians responded incorrectly or "don't know" for 6 of the 9 true/false statements about mumps epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention, and more than one-half reported needing additional guidance on mumps buccal swab testing. For testing practices, 59% of respondents reported they would sometimes (35%) or often/always (24%) test for mumps in a vaccinated 17-year-old with parotitis in a non-outbreak setting; older physicians, rural physicians, and physicians from the Northeast or Midwest were more likely to test for mumps. Thirty-six percent of the pediatricians reported they would often/always report a patient with suspected mumps to public health authorities.
CONCLUSIONS
Pediatricians report mumps knowledge gaps and practices that do not align with public health recommendations. These gaps may lead to underdiagnosis and underreporting of mumps cases, delaying public health response measures and contributing to ongoing disease transmission.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mumps; Mumps Vaccine; Pediatrics; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
PubMed: 34453916
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.08.036 -
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi =... Mar 2019In countries and regions with high vaccination coverage, several vaccine-preventable diseases have been resurged in recent years, such as measles, varicella, pertussis... (Review)
Review
In countries and regions with high vaccination coverage, several vaccine-preventable diseases have been resurged in recent years, such as measles, varicella, pertussis and mumps. Some studies have found that the clinical manifestation and epidemiological characteristics of these diseases were different from those in pre-vaccine era. This article reviewed the clinical and epidemiological features of vaccine-preventable diseases before and after wide immunization implementation, focusing on the situation in China, in order to attract the attention of clinicians, raise awareness, strengthen prevention and control, and promote in-depth research for these diseases.
Topics: Chickenpox; China; Humans; Measles; Mumps; Vaccination; Vaccines
PubMed: 30907338
DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.03.001 -
Vaccine Jun 2018Mumps, a common childhood disease in the pre-vaccine era that causes swelling of the parotid salivary glands, can lead to orchitis, viral meningitis, and sensorineural... (Review)
Review
Mumps, a common childhood disease in the pre-vaccine era that causes swelling of the parotid salivary glands, can lead to orchitis, viral meningitis, and sensorineural deafness. While the incidence of disease decreased dramatically after the vaccine was added to standard vaccination schedules, the disease has made a substantial resurgence in recent years. As a result, it becomes critical to examine the factors involved in recurring outbreaks. Although low and incomplete vaccination coverage may be a key reason, it does not fully explain the issue due to the high rate of occurrence in populations with high vaccination coverage rates. Multiple studies suggest that waning immunity and secondary vaccine failure play a large role, the effects of which were previously masked by subclinical boosting. Significant knowledge gaps persist around the exact role and mechanism of waning immunity and demonstrate the need for more research in this area, as well as a reevaluation of mumps vaccine policy.
Topics: Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Disease Outbreaks; Global Health; Humans; Mumps; Mumps Vaccine; Treatment Failure; Vaccination Coverage
PubMed: 29784466
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.067 -
Journal of Virology Apr 2023Mumps is a highly contagious viral disease that can be prevented by vaccination. In the last decade, we have encountered repeated outbreaks of mumps in highly vaccinated...
Mumps is a highly contagious viral disease that can be prevented by vaccination. In the last decade, we have encountered repeated outbreaks of mumps in highly vaccinated populations, which call into question the effectiveness of available vaccines. Animal models are crucial for understanding virus-host interactions, and viruses such as mumps virus (MuV), whose only natural host is the human, pose a particular challenge. In our study, we examined the interaction between MuV and the guinea pig. Our results present the first evidence that guinea pigs of the Hartley strain can be infected after intranasal and intratesticular inoculation. We observed a significant viral replication in infected tissues up to 5 days following infection and induction of cellular and humoral immune responses as well as histopathological changes in infected lungs and testicles, without clinical signs of disease. Transmission of the infection through direct contact between animals was not possible. Our results demonstrate that guinea pigs and guinea pig primary cell cultures represent a promising model for immunological and pathogenetic studies of the complex MuV infection. Understanding of mumps virus (MuV) pathogenesis and the immune responses against MuV infection is limited. One of the reasons is the lack of relevant animal models. This study explores the interaction between MuV and the guinea pig. We demonstrated that all tested guinea pig tissue homogenates and primary cell cultures are highly susceptible to MuV infection and that α2,3-sialylated glycans (MuV cellular receptors) are being abundantly expressed at their surface. The virus remains in the guinea pig lungs and trachea for up to 4 days following intranasal infection. Although asymptomatic, MuV infection strongly activates both humoral and cellular immune response in infected animals and provides protection against virus challenge. Infection of the lungs and testicles after intranasal and intratesticular inoculation, respectively, is also supported by histopathological changes in these organs. Our findings give perspective for application of guinea pigs in research on MuV pathogenesis, antiviral response, and vaccine development and testing.
Topics: Animals; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Mumps; Mumps virus; Virus Replication; Cells, Cultured; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Humoral; Lung; Testis
PubMed: 37017528
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00359-23 -
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences Jan 2017Chronic recurrent non-specific parotitis is characterized by recurrent episodes of swelling and pain of unknown etiology in the parotid gland. Sialography is a hallmark... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Chronic recurrent non-specific parotitis is characterized by recurrent episodes of swelling and pain of unknown etiology in the parotid gland. Sialography is a hallmark in the diagnosis of salivary gland disorders; newer imaging modalities like CT-Sialography, sialoendoscopy and MRI can be used. Various treatment modalities have been tried, from conservative approach to surgical excision depending on the recurrence rate and severity of the condition. Although symptomatic treatment with antibiotics and analgesic, injection of intraductal medicament, aggressive treatment like duct ligation or excision of gland are some of the treatment modalities, there is no established algorithm as to which treatment method should be opted in such clinical situation.
CASE DETAIL
A 20 years old male patient reported with pain and salty taste in the mouth that had began before a week. Examination revealed an elevated right parotid papilla; ropy, cloudy appearing saliva was oozing out on milking the gland. Unstimulated and stimulated whole salivary flow rate was assessed using drooling method. Sialography was used as a diagnostic and a therapeutic aid. In our case, sialography as a treatment showed a good response with no recurrence after two years of follow-up. We highlighted the role of sialography as a therapeutic aid.
CONCLUSION
Recurrent attacks significantly affect the quality of life and also lead to progressive gland destruction. Preventing or reducing the frequency of recurrence remains the goal of therapeutic procedure. Hence, conventional sialography is useful in the diagnosis and also effective as a therapeutic aid in recurrent parotitis.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Parotid Gland; Parotitis; Recurrence; Salivary Glands; Sialography; Young Adult
PubMed: 28458496
DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v27i1.13 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Mar 1991
Topics: Adolescent; Doxycycline; Female; Humans; Parotitis; Serum Sickness
PubMed: 2062787
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.67.785.313-a -
Head & Face Medicine Feb 2010Diseases of the salivary glands are rare in infants and children (with the exception of diseases such as parotitis epidemica and cytomegaly) and the therapeutic regimen... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Diseases of the salivary glands are rare in infants and children (with the exception of diseases such as parotitis epidemica and cytomegaly) and the therapeutic regimen differs from that in adults. It is therefore all the more important to gain exact and extensive insight into general and special aspects of pathological changes of the salivary glands in these age groups. Etiology and pathogenesis of these entities is still not yet fully known for the age group in question so that general rules for treatment, based on clinical experience, cannot be given, particularly in view of the small number of cases of the different diseases. Swellings of the salivary glands may be caused by acute and chronic inflammatory processes, by autoimmune diseases, by duct translocation due to sialolithiasis, and by tumors of varying dignity. Clinical examination and diagnosis has also to differentiate between salivary gland cysts and inflammation or tumors.
CONCLUSION
Salivary gland diseases are rare in childhood and adolescence. Their pattern of incidence differs very much from that of adults. Acute and chronic sialadenitis not responding to conservative treatment requires an appropriate surgical approach. The rareness of salivary gland tumors is particularly true for the malignant parotid tumors which are more frequent in juvenile patients, a fact that has to be considered in diagnosis and therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid; Child; Chronic Disease; Humans; Infant; Parotitis; Recurrence; Salivary Gland Calculi; Salivary Gland Diseases; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Sialadenitis
PubMed: 20156335
DOI: 10.1186/1746-160X-6-1