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Revista Chilena de Pediatria 2017Recurrent childhood chronic parotiditis (RCCP) is a relevant pathology. Its diagnosis is mainly clinical, but it relies on imaging tests. The current treatment approach... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Recurrent childhood chronic parotiditis (RCCP) is a relevant pathology. Its diagnosis is mainly clinical, but it relies on imaging tests. The current treatment approach is diverse. The aim of this article is to update the clinical features, complementary tests, etiopathogenic models and therapeutic protocols of this disease.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
A bibliographic search was performed in PUBMED using the free terms and MESH terms: RCCP, recurrent parotiditis, chronic parotiditis and parotiditis. The filters used were human patients, up to 18 years old, with abstract. In SCIELO the free terms included were Parotiditis and chronic. Articles published in English, Spanish or Portuguese until 2017 were included.
RESULTS
In PUBMED 119 articles were found and 44 were included. The exclusion of the remaining articles was due to language, access to the article or absence of relationship between the article and the proposed revision. In SCIELO 6 articles were found 6 of which 5 were selected. The multidisciplinary asses of patients with RCCP is considered the appropriate treatment. Its diagnosis is clinical but it relies on imaging tests, such as echography and sialography.
CONCLUSIONS
The current treatment approach is conservative, and the best available evidence supports the use of sialendoscopy with irrigation and administration of antibiotics and/or corticosteroids via the parotid duct. However, there would be proper results with intraglandular lavage with physiological solutions without the need for a sialendoscope.
Topics: Child; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Parotitis; Recurrence
PubMed: 29546956
DOI: 10.4067/S0370-41062017000500017 -
Communicable Diseases Intelligence... Mar 2015In 2007, Australia recorded the highest notification rate (2.8 per 100,000) for mumps since it became notifiable, with outbreaks in Western Australia and the Northern... (Review)
Review
In 2007, Australia recorded the highest notification rate (2.8 per 100,000) for mumps since it became notifiable, with outbreaks in Western Australia and the Northern Territory. Of particular concern was the number of cases seen in vaccinated individuals. The aim of this study was to review subsequent epidemiological data. Notification, hospitalisation and mortality data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, the National Hospital Morbidity Database and Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) respectively, from 2008 to 2012 for notifications and 2008 to 2011 for hospitalisations and deaths, were analysed by age, year and jurisdiction. ABS population data were used to calculate rates. National mumps notification rates decreased from 1.3 per 100,000 in 2008 to 0.4 per 100,000 in 2010, but then increased to 0.9 per 100,000 in 2012, predominantly due to increased notifications in New South Wales (1.4 per 100,000). Hospitalisation rates remained stable at 0.4 per 100,000 over the 2008-2011 period. The median age of notified cases was 30 years and for hospitalisations, 27 years. The highest rate of notifications and hospitalisations was in the 25-34 years age group. Completeness of vaccination status ranged from 16% to 39%. The increasing trend in mumps notifications needs to be closely monitored. Improved data quality, in particular on vaccination status, is needed to inform the monitoring of vaccine effectiveness. In March 2014 the World Health Organization certified that Australia had achieved measles elimination. Greater availability of case history (vaccination status and place of acquisition) and genotyping data would facilitate an assessment of Australia's progress in relation to mumps elimination.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Australia; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Notification; Epidemiological Monitoring; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunization Schedule; Incidence; Infant; Male; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Mumps virus; Survival Analysis; Vaccination
PubMed: 26063086
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Case Reports Jan 2021Acute parotitis progressing to parotid abscess is rare in children. is the usual pathogen in parotid abscess. Granulomatous parotid abscess due to tubercular aetiology...
Acute parotitis progressing to parotid abscess is rare in children. is the usual pathogen in parotid abscess. Granulomatous parotid abscess due to tubercular aetiology is extremely rare. Authors report a case of chronic parotid abscess in a child who received multiple courses of antibiotics without any cure. The ultrasonography and CT scan of the parotid gland confirmed the extent of parotid abscess and the changes in the parotid lymph nodes. The surgical drainage and the biopsy of the lymph nodes lead to the diagnosis of granulomatous abscess. The antitubercular therapy finally cured the disease without further recurrence.
Topics: Abscess; Antitubercular Agents; Biopsy; Child; Drainage; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Male; Parotid Gland; Parotitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node; Tuberculosis, Oral; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33431537
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237491 -
Vaccine Jun 2023Although mumps vaccination has been routine in Canada for decades, mumps cases and outbreaks continue to occur periodically. Mumps surveillance, including monitoring of...
Although mumps vaccination has been routine in Canada for decades, mumps cases and outbreaks continue to occur periodically. Mumps surveillance, including monitoring of the mumps virus genotype associated with disease activity, is important to document baseline activity and to advance further research into vaccine effectiveness. Here we describe a detailed analysis of mumps cases that have been detected in Canada from 2002 to 2020, with a focus on the mumps molecular epidemiology. In total, 7395 cases of mumps were reported to the surveillance system, with outbreaks occurring in the years 2007, 2010 and 2016 to 2018. Adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 29 years had the highest risk of being a case (rate ratios ranging from 1.50 to 2.29), compared to adults aged 30 to 39. Genotypes of mumps viruses were determined in 3225 specimens. Genotype G was predominantly detected (96% of genotyped specimens) and was first reported in 2005. Other genotypes were more likely to be detected in cases that also reported travel (or were linked to imported cases) than the cases with genotype G detected (p < 0.0001). The genotype G viruses had little sequence diversity in the 316 nucleotide window used for genotyping (the small hydrophobic protein gene) and mainly belonged to a single phylogenetic lineage that included the MuVi/Sheffield.GBR/1.05 reference sequence. The analysis of over ten years of data has demonstrated that mumps genotype G, specifically belonging to a single lineage, the Sheffield lineage, is the endemically circulating virus in Canada. This lineage is seen also in other countries using the genotype A vaccine. Mumps remains endemic despite high MMR vaccination coverage which has been sufficient to eliminate circulation of measles and rubella in Canada, raising the hypothesis of the evolution towards a vaccine escape mumps virus.
Topics: Adolescent; Young Adult; Humans; Mumps; Phylogeny; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps virus; Canada; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 37169652
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.078 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Aug 2018During the 2014-2015 influenza season in the United States, 256 cases of influenza-associated parotitis were reported from 27 states. We conducted a case-control study...
BACKGROUND
During the 2014-2015 influenza season in the United States, 256 cases of influenza-associated parotitis were reported from 27 states. We conducted a case-control study and laboratory investigation to further describe this rare clinical manifestation of influenza.
METHODS
During February 2015-April 2015, we interviewed 50 cases (with parotitis) and 124 ill controls (without parotitis) with laboratory-confirmed influenza; participants resided in 11 states and were matched by age, state, hospital admission status, and specimen collection date. Influenza viruses were characterized using real-time polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing. We compared cases and controls using conditional logistic regression. Specimens from additional reported cases were also analyzed.
RESULTS
Cases, 73% of whom were aged <20 years, experienced painful (86%), unilateral (68%) parotitis a median of 4 (range, 0-16) days after onset of systemic or respiratory symptoms. Cases were more likely than controls to be male (76% vs 51%; P = .005). We detected influenza A(H3N2) viruses, genetic group 3C.2a, in 100% (32/32) of case and 92% (105/108) of control specimens sequenced (P = .22). Influenza B and A(H3N2) 3C.3 and 3C.3b genetic group virus infections were detected in specimens from additional cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Influenza-associated parotitis, as reported here and in prior sporadic case reports, seems to occur primarily with influenza A(H3N2) virus infection. Because of the different clinical and infection control considerations for mumps and influenza virus infections, we recommend clinicians consider influenza in the differential diagnoses among patients with acute parotitis during the influenza season.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Male; Middle Aged; Parotitis; Seasons; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 29617957
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy136 -
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and... May 2022To assess the possible variations in semen quality during the last 20 years in Córdoba, Argentina, and to identify possible causal lifestyle or genitourinary factors.
PURPOSE
To assess the possible variations in semen quality during the last 20 years in Córdoba, Argentina, and to identify possible causal lifestyle or genitourinary factors.
METHODS
Retrospective study of 23,130 patients attending an andrology laboratory. The 20-year period (2001-2020) was divided into four quinquenniums. Seminal parameters (sperm concentration, motility, morphology, viability, and membrane functional integrity) were classified as normal or abnormal according to WHO, and results were expressed as percentage of patients abnormal for each parameter per quinquennium. In addition, the percentage of patients per quinquennium exposed to the different risk factors (daily alcohol and/or tobacco consumption; occupational exposure to heat or toxics; history of parotitis or varicocele; and high body mass index, BMI) was reported.
RESULTS
Patients included in our study did not show impairment in seminal quality over time. Beyond a transient decrease in normozoospermia in the second and third quinquennium, possibly explained by a parallel increase in teratozoospermia, other important parameters of the spermogram did not change. In fact, abnormalities in sperm concentration (oligozoospermia), total sperm count, viability and response to hypoosmotic test showed a decreasing trend over time. On the other hand, parotitis, varicocele, morbid obesity and regular exposition to heat/toxics were the factors more frequently associated with semen abnormalities; the last two increased their frequency over the study period.
CONCLUSION
The population included in this study did not show a clear impairment in semen quality during the last 20 years. The decreasing patterns found were associated with high BMI and exposure to heat/toxics.
Topics: Argentina; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Parotitis; Retrospective Studies; Semen; Semen Analysis; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Varicocele
PubMed: 35296953
DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02458-4 -
Anales de Pediatria (Barcelona, Spain :... Jan 2004
Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Male; Parotitis; Recurrence
PubMed: 14718136
DOI: 10.1016/s1695-4033(04)78221-1 -
Minerva Medica Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Parotitis; Foreign Bodies; Acute Disease
PubMed: 35332755
DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4806.21.07827-7 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Feb 1964Between January and June 1963, 45 children were hospitalized with mumps meningoencephalitis. Of 39 patients with laboratory evidence of mumps infection, 24 had parotitis...
Between January and June 1963, 45 children were hospitalized with mumps meningoencephalitis. Of 39 patients with laboratory evidence of mumps infection, 24 had parotitis and 15 showed no salivary gland involvement. Cerebrospinal fluids from 18 of 40 patients yielded mumps virus by inoculation of rhesus monkey kidney cultures; 33 subjects, including 12 of the 18 virus excretors, showed rising or elevated levels of mumps antihemagglutinin during convalescence. Between May 1959 and June 1963, mumps virus was recovered from cerebrospinal fluids of 50 of 126 cases of mumps meningoencephalitis; virus isolation rates were highest during the peak incidence of mumps meningoencephalitis in winter and early spring.Mumps vaccine (inactivated) was administered to 34 parents with no history of mumps, shortly after their children developed mumps. Mumps occurred in three of 17 parents without prevaccination mumps antihemagglutinins, and in two others, but in none of 15 who had prevaccination antibodies.
Topics: Antibodies; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Canada; Child; Child, Preschool; Encephalitis, Viral; Epidemiology; Humans; Meningitis, Viral; Meningoencephalitis; Mumps; Mumps Vaccine; Mumps virus; Seasons; Vaccination; Vaccines
PubMed: 14120950
DOI: No ID Found -
Mumps Outbreaks in Vaccinated Populations-Is It Time to Re-assess the Clinical Efficacy of Vaccines?Frontiers in Immunology 2020History illustrates the remarkable public health impact of mass vaccination, by dramatically improving life expectancy and reducing the burden of infectious diseases and... (Review)
Review
History illustrates the remarkable public health impact of mass vaccination, by dramatically improving life expectancy and reducing the burden of infectious diseases and co-morbidities worldwide. It has been perceived that if an individual adhered to the MMR vaccine schedule that immunity to mumps virus (MuV) would be lifelong. Recent mumps outbreaks in individuals who had received two doses of the Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) vaccine has challenged the efficacy of the MMR vaccine. However, clinical symptoms, complications, viral shedding and transmission associated with mumps infection has been shown to be reduced in vaccinated individuals, demonstrating a benefit of this vaccine. Therefore, the question of what constitutes a good mumps vaccine and how its impact is assessed in this modern era remains to be addressed. Epidemiology of the individuals most affected by the outbreaks (predominantly young adults) and variance in the circulating MuV genotype have been well-described alluding to a collection of influences such as vaccine hesitancy, heterogeneous vaccine uptake, primary, and/or secondary vaccine failures. This review aims to discuss in detail the interplay of factors thought to be contributing to the current mumps outbreaks seen in highly vaccinated populations. In addition, how mumps diagnoses has progressed and impacted the understanding of mumps infection since a mumps vaccine was first developed, the limitations of current laboratory tests in confirming protection in vaccinated individuals and how vaccine effectiveness is quantified are also considered. By highlighting knowledge gaps within this area, this state-of-the-art review proposes a change of perspective regarding the impact of a vaccine in a highly vaccinated population from a clinical, diagnostic and public perspective, highlighting a need for a paradigm shift on what is considered vaccine immunity.
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Vaccination
PubMed: 33072071
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02089