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Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jun 2023Solid-state magic angle spinning P NMR spectroscopy is used to identify and quantify phosphorus-containing species in pet foods. The measurement is challenging due to...
Solid-state magic angle spinning P NMR spectroscopy is used to identify and quantify phosphorus-containing species in pet foods. The measurement is challenging due to the long spin-lattice relaxation times (s). Data acquisition times are shortened by acquiring data with a tip angle smaller than 90° and shortening the repetition time. However, the spin-lattice relaxation times (s) of the different P compounds are quite different, necessitating a separate measurement for each compound in the pet food. Knowledge of is used to calculate the relative amount of P in the samples. Samples of known concentration are also measured, enabling the quantitative measurement of total phosphorus content.
Topics: Phosphorus; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
PubMed: 37227713
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07339 -
American Journal of Kidney Diseases :... Nov 2011Menopause is associated with urine phosphorus retention, which is mitigated by estrogen therapy. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a hormone originating from bone... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Menopause is associated with urine phosphorus retention, which is mitigated by estrogen therapy. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a hormone originating from bone that regulates urine phosphorus excretion. Whether sex or estrogen therapy is associated with different FGF-23 levels is unknown.
STUDY DESIGN & SETTING
Cross-sectional study of ambulatory individuals with prevalent cardiovascular disease.
PREDICTORS
Sex and, in women, use or nonuse of estrogen.
OUTCOMES
Serum phosphorus, tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphorus indexed to glomerular filtration rate (TMP/GFR), and plasma FGF-23 concentrations.
RESULTS
For 987 participants, mean age was 67 ± 11 years, 182 (18%) were women, and 46 (25%) were using estrogen. Mean estimated GFR was 71 ± 23 (SD) mL/min/1.73 m(2). Compared with women who were not using estrogen, both women on estrogen therapy and men had significantly lower serum phosphorus concentrations, lower TMP/GFR values (indicating higher urine phosphorus excretion), and lower FGF-23 concentrations with adjustment for age, demographics, and kidney function (P < 0.001 for each). Mean FGF-23 levels were 68.7 (95% CI, 59.7-79.0) relative units (RU)/mL in non-estrogen-using women, 43.8 (95% CI, 41.2-46.5) RU/mL in men, and 45.1 (95% CI, 35.2-57.4) RU/mL in women using estrogen in adjusted analysis (P < 0.001).
LIMITATIONS
Most participants were men. Estrogen therapy was not randomly assigned.
CONCLUSIONS
Older women who are not using estrogen have higher FGF-23 levels than either men or women using estrogen. In the context of prior literature, these data suggest that postmenopausal phosphorus retention may stimulate higher FGF-23 concentrations after menopause.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Female; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Humans; Male; Phosphorus; Sex Factors
PubMed: 21855188
DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.06.011 -
Ambio Aug 2023Eutrophication of the Baltic Sea is driven by phosphorus and nitrogen. While the anthropogenic point source loads of both nutrients have decreased markedly, further...
Eutrophication of the Baltic Sea is driven by phosphorus and nitrogen. While the anthropogenic point source loads of both nutrients have decreased markedly, further reductions are needed. This is true particularly for phosphorus, as highlighted by its stringent abatement targets in HELCOM's Baltic Sea Action Plan. To meet the targets, more results need to be achieved in non-point source abatement, specifically from agricultural sources. The growing pressure for phosphorus abatement from agriculture may lead to environmentally and economically inefficient outcomes unless we account for the variability in how different forms of phosphorus respond to abatement measures, and how these forms contribute to eutrophication. The precautionary and efficiency improving way to advance policies is to either replace or supplement the Total Phosphorus metric with a metric more accurate in reflecting the biologically available phosphorus. This policy fix becomes more important as the relative share of agricultural emissions of total pollution increases.
Topics: Phosphorus; Eutrophication; Baltic States; Environmental Pollution; Nitrogen
PubMed: 37036584
DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01851-2 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2017We examined foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry of 3 wetland plants (Phalaris arundinacea, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, and Carex brevicuspis) distributed...
We examined foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry of 3 wetland plants (Phalaris arundinacea, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, and Carex brevicuspis) distributed along an elevation gradient in the Dongting Lake, China, and how this stoichiometry is related to soil physico-chemical characteristics, elevation, and flooding days. Plant and soil samples were collected from 3 lakeshore sites. Total N and P concentrations of plants and six physico-chemical characteristics of the soil were measured, in addition to the elevation and flooding days. P. arundinacea and M. sacchariflorus had higher total N and P concentrations than C. brevicuspis. The foliar N:P ratio decreased with increasing elevation, and only increased with increasing foliar total N concentration. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the foliar stoichiometry was primarily regulated by soil water content, followed by soil nutrient concentration. The foliar N and P stoichiometry of the 3 wetland plants was insignificantly correlated with soil total P concentration. However, foliar stoichiometric characteristics and soil total N concentration significantly differed among the 3 species. These results demonstrate that spatial variation of foliar stoichiometry in wetland plants exists along an elevation gradient, with this information being useful for the conservation and management of wetland plants in this lake.
Topics: Carex Plant; China; Lakes; Nitrogen; Phalaris; Phosphorus; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Water; Wetlands
PubMed: 28588236
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03126-9 -
Bioresource Technology Jan 2023Microalgae are considered an efficient accumulator and promising source of Se for feed additive purposes. This study aimed at investigating, for the first time, the...
Microalgae are considered an efficient accumulator and promising source of Se for feed additive purposes. This study aimed at investigating, for the first time, the effect of phosphorus limitation on Se accumulation and uptake efficiency in N.oceanica. A range of phosphorus concentrations (0-2470 µM) were tested in either the presence or absence of sodium selenite (0, 5, 30 µM). Se accumulation was increased up to 16-fold and Se uptake efficiency was increased up to 3.6-fold under phosphorus growth-limiting concentrations. N.oceanica was then cultivated in a 1.8L flat-panel photobioreactor in batch operation under two phosphorus growth-limiting concentrations (250 and 750 µM) where the accumulation of Se in the microalgal biomass, as well as its presence in the spent medium were analysed. This study is the first to investigate the effect of phosphorus limitation for increasing Se accumulation in microalgae, and to prevent the release of Se in wastewater.
Topics: Microalgae; Phosphorus; Stramenopiles; Photobioreactors; Biomass
PubMed: 36332861
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128239 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2023Considering the side effects in the oral cavity and dental structures of radiotherapy (RDT) for head and neck cancer, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of RDT on... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Considering the side effects in the oral cavity and dental structures of radiotherapy (RDT) for head and neck cancer, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of RDT on the root dentin concerning the obliteration of dentinal tubules, the inorganic composition of intra-radicular dentin, and the integrity of collagen fibers. Thirty human canines were selected from a biobank and randomly divided into two groups (n=15). The samples were sectioned buccolingually, and a hemisection was used for structural analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). Low-vacuum SEM images were obtained at 2000-x magnification to observe the obliteration of the dentinal tubules. Moreover, compositional evaluation was performed using EDS. After RDT, the SEM and EDS analyses were repeated using the same methodology. RDT was applied fractionally at 2 Gy per day, 5 days per week, for 7 weeks, resulting in a total dose of 70 Gy. The collagen integrity of the irradiated and non-irradiated samples was analyzed using Masson's trichrome and picrosirius red staining polarization microscopy. Samples subjected to RDT exhibited dentinal tubule obliteration (p < 0.001); low integrity of type I and III collagen fibers (p < 0.05); compositional reduction of calcium (p = 0.012), phosphorus (p = 0.001), and magnesium (p < 0.001); an increased Ca/P ratio (p < 0.001). RDT affects the structure of dentinal tubules, the inorganic composition of intra-radicular dentin, and the collagen fiber integrity in the root dentin, which may interfere with the effectiveness and durability of dental procedures.
Topics: Humans; Calcium; Collagen; Dentin; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Phosphorus; Tooth Root
PubMed: 36888844
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305101 -
Poultry Science Nov 1993Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary phytase and increasing levels of available phosphorus (P(av)) on the growth performance and phosphorus... (Review)
Review
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary phytase and increasing levels of available phosphorus (P(av)) on the growth performance and phosphorus metabolism of broiler chicks. In both experiments, graded levels of P provided by dicalcium phosphate and of phytase were added to a low-P corn-soybean meal basal diet. In Experiment 1, diets providing .21, .29, .37, and .44% P(av) without phytase; .21% P(av) plus .05, .10, or .30% phytase; and .29% P(av) plus .10% phytase were each fed to four groups of seven chicks, 3 days of age. In Experiment 2, diets providing P(av) levels of .32, .38, and .44% and phytase levels of .5, 1.0, and 1.5% (250, 500, and 750 units/kg) in a factorial arrangement were each fed to four groups of eight chicks, 5 days of age. In Experiment 1, increasing dietary P(av), but not phytase, increased feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, plasma inorganic P, tibia and toe ash, and tibia breaking strength (P < or = .05). Plasma inorganic P responded quadratically to increasing dietary phytase. In Experiment 2, feed intake and weight gain were increased by elevating the level of P(av), but not by phytase. Toe and tibia ash and plasma inorganic P were increased by dietary phytase and increasing levels of P(av) (P < or = .01). Tibia breaking strength was improved (P < or = .05) by dietary phytase but not by increasing levels of P(av). The P excretion was elevated (P < or = .01) by increasing levels of P(av) and was decreased by supplemental phytase (P < or = .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: 6-Phytase; Animals; Calcification, Physiologic; Chickens; Eating; Male; Phosphorus; Phosphorus, Dietary; Weight Gain
PubMed: 8265499
DOI: 10.3382/ps.0722106 -
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Feb 2023To investigate the effects of novel bioactive glasses (BG) including PSC with high phosphorus component and FBG with fluorine-doped element on promoting remineralization...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of novel bioactive glasses (BG) including PSC with high phosphorus component and FBG with fluorine-doped element on promoting remineralization of artificial dentin caries.
METHODS
(1) BGs were used in this study as follows: PSC (10.8%PO-54.2%SiO-35.0%CaO, mol.%) were synthesized using phytic acid as the phosphorus precursor through sol-gel method. FBG (6.1%PO-37.0%SiO-53.9%CaO-3.0%CaF, mol.%) and 45S5(6.0%PO-45.0%SiO-24.5%CaO-24.5%NaO, mol.%) were synthesized by traditional melt method. (2) The above BGs were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 24 hours. Then X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals. (3) Prepared 1 mm thick dentin slices were soaked in 17% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 1 week to demineralize the dentin. Then the dentin slices treated by BG were soaked in SBF for 1 week. Field emission scanning electron micro-scopy (FE-SEM) was used to observe the surface morphology of the dentin slices. (4) Four cavities were prepared to 1 mm depth in each 2 mm thick dentin slice, then were treated with lactic acid for 2 weeks to form the artificial dentin caries. Wax, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), PSC and FBG were used to fill four cavities as blank control group, MTA group, PSC group and FBG group respectively. Then the spe-cimens were soaked in SBF for 4 weeks. The changes of depth and density of demineralized dentin were analyzed using Micro-CT before filling and after 2 and 4 weeks filling.
RESULTS
(1) PSC and FBG promoted mineral formation on the surfaces of the demineralized dentin. And the speed was faster and crystallinity was higher in PSC group than the FBG and 45S5 groups. (2) The increased mineral density of artificial dentin caries in PSC group were (185.98 ± 55.66) mg/cm and (213.64 ± 36.01) mg/cm 2 and 4 weeks after filling respectively, which were significantly higher than the control group [(20.38 ± 7.55) mg/cm, =0.006; (36.46 ± 10.79) mg/cm, =0.001]. At meanwhile, PSC group was also higher than MTA group [(57.29 ± 10.09) mg/cm; (111.02 ± 22.06) mg/cm], and it had statistical difference (=0.015; =0.006). The depth of remineralized dentin in PSC group were (40.0 ± 16.9) μm and (54.5 ± 17.8) μm 2 and 4 weeks respectively, which were also statistically different from the control group ( =0.010;=0.001). There were no statistical differences between the control group and MTA group. The above effects of FBG group were between PSC and MTA.
CONCLUSION
PSC has advantages in the speed, quality and depth of mineral deposition in the demineralized layer of artificial dentin caries. It would be expected to be an ideal material to promote the remineralization of dentin caries.
Topics: Dentin; Silicon Dioxide; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Minerals; Phosphorus; Tooth Remineralization
PubMed: 36718693
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2023.01.012 -
Journal of Environmental Management Dec 2023Surface water (SW) quality is particularly vulnerable to increased concentrations of nutrients, and this issue may be exacerbated by climate change. Knowledge of the...
Surface water (SW) quality is particularly vulnerable to increased concentrations of nutrients, and this issue may be exacerbated by climate change. Knowledge of the effects of temperature and rainfall on SW quality is required to take the necessary measures to achieve good SW status in the future. To address this, the aims of this study were threefold: (1) to assess how a changing climate may alter the nitrate, ammonium, phosphorus and biological oxygen demand status (BOD) of SW; (2) assess the relationship between water quality and flow; and (3) simulate diffuse and point source pollution reduction scenarios in the Júcar River Basin District in the Mediterranean region. A regionalised long-term climate scenario was used following one Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP8.5) with the data incorporated into the coupling of hydrological and water quality models. According to these climate change scenarios, SW with poor nitrate, ammonium, phosphorus and BOD status are expected to increase in the future by factors of 1.3, 1.9, 4 and 4, respectively. Furthermore, median ammonium and phosphorus concentration may be doubled in months with low flows. Additional measures are required to maintain current status in the water bodies, and it is necessary to reduce at least 25% of diffuse nitrate pollution, and 50% of point loads of ammonium, phosphorus, and BOD.
Topics: Water Quality; Rivers; Climate Change; Nitrates; Phosphorus; Ammonium Compounds
PubMed: 37820434
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119069 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... Feb 2018We aimed in this study utilize environmental indicators as a quantitative method to evaluate and discuss the nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) flux by a production stage...
We aimed in this study utilize environmental indicators as a quantitative method to evaluate and discuss the nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) flux by a production stage grow-out (termination) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in fishpond. The TN and TP load, the mass balance, the input of TN and TP via feed and the converted nutrients in fish biomass are the environmental indicators applied in this study. During the production cycle (128 days), the system exported 15,931 g TN and 4,189 g TP that were related to the amount of feed supplied (r Pearson = 0.8825 and r = 0.8523, respectively), corroborated by the feed conversion ratio (1.61:1). The indicators showed that 26% TN and 45% TP were reversed into fish biomass, 62% TN and 40% TP were retained in the fishpond, and 12% TN and 15% TP were exported via effluent. The largest contribution of nutrients generated by the system and exported via effluent was observed in phase III and IV. This result is supported by the feed conversion ratio 2.14 and 2.21:1 obtained at this phase, a fact explained by the amount of feed offered and the fish metabolism. Application of environmental indicators showed to be an efficient tool to quantify flux of TN and TP produced during the grow-out period of Nile tilapia and therefore, guide management practices more sustainable. Concerning the environmental sustainability of the activity the implementation of best management practices such as the better control of the feed amount offered would lead to a smaller loss of TN and TP to the water. Furthermore, the use of better quality feeds would allow greater nutrient assimilation efficiency.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Biomass; Cichlids; Metabolic Flux Analysis; Nitrogen; Phosphorus
PubMed: 28699963
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.02116