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Phytomedicine : International Journal... Oct 2021Cutibacterium acnes is a major colonizer and inhabitant of human skin and contributes to the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. C. acnes either alone or with Staphylococcus...
BACKGROUND
Cutibacterium acnes is a major colonizer and inhabitant of human skin and contributes to the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. C. acnes either alone or with Staphylococcus aureus, which also inhabits skin, readily forms biofilms that are often tolerant of conventional antibiotics and the host immune system. It was hypothesized that the amphiphilic nature of some fatty acids (FAs) inhibit C. acnes or mixed biofilm formation.
PURPOSE
The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of 24 saturated and unsaturated FAs were investigated against C. acnes as well as a mixture of the bacteria C. acnes and S. aureus.
METHODS
Anti-biofilm assays, antimicrobial assays, confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, extracellular polymeric substance production, and microbial adherence to hydrocarbon assay were utilized to elucidate how active FAs influence biofilm development.
RESULTS
Seventeen FAs at 20 µg/ml inhibited C. acnes biofilm formation by 60-99%. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 20 FAs were ≥ 500 µg/ml but 4 medium-chain FAs had MICs in a range 15 to 200 µg/ml. Interestingly, myristoleic acid inhibited biofilm formation at 1 μg/ml. Myristoleic acid also inhibited the formation of S. aureus and mixed C. acnes/S. aureus biofilms. FAs reduced C. acnes hydrophobicity and we found this was generally correlated with their antibiofilm forming efficacies. Transcriptional analyses showed that myristoleic acid modulates the expression of several biofilm-related genes such as lipase, hyaluronate lyase, and virulence-related genes.
CONCLUSION
This study shows myristoleic acid and other FAs inhibit biofilm formation by C. acnes and mixed biofilm formation by C. acnes and S. aureus. Hence, myristoleic acid might be useful for treating or preventing acne and C. acnes associated diseases.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Propionibacterium acnes; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 34461422
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153710 -
Environmental Microbiology Jun 2021In this study we show increased biomass formation for four species of food-grade propionic acid bacteria (Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici, Acidipropionibacterium...
In this study we show increased biomass formation for four species of food-grade propionic acid bacteria (Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici, Acidipropionibacterium jensenii, Acidipropionibacterium thoenii and Propionibacterium freudenreichii) when exposed to oxygen, implicating functional respiratory systems. Using an optimal microaerobic condition, P. freudenreichii DSM 20271 consumed lactate to produce propionate and acetate initially. When lactate was depleted propionate was oxidized to acetate. We propose to name the switch from propionate production to consumption in microaerobic conditions the 'propionate switch'. When propionate was depleted the 'acetate switch' occurred, resulting in complete consumption of acetate. Both growth rate on lactate (0.100 versus 0.078 h ) and biomass yield (20.5 versus 8.6 g* mol lactate) increased compared to anaerobic conditions. Proteome analysis revealed that the abundance of proteins involved in the aerobic and anaerobic electron transport chains and major metabolic pathways did not significantly differ between anaerobic and microaerobic conditions. This implicates that P. freudenreichii is prepared for utilizing O when it comes available in anaerobic conditions. The ecological niche of propionic acid bacteria can conceivably be extended to environments with oxygen gradients from oxic to anoxic, so-called microoxic environments, as found in the rumen, gut and soils, where they can thrive by utilizing low concentrations of oxygen.
Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Lactic Acid; Propionates; Propionibacteriaceae; Propionibacterium freudenreichii
PubMed: 33955639
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15532 -
Microbiome Feb 2018Numerous studies have thus far characterized the temporal dynamics of the skin microbiota of healthy individuals. However, there is no information regarding the dynamics...
BACKGROUND
Numerous studies have thus far characterized the temporal dynamics of the skin microbiota of healthy individuals. However, there is no information regarding the dynamics of different microbial association network properties. Also, there is little understanding of how living conditions, specifically cohabitation and household occupancy, may be associated with the nature and extent (or degree) of cutaneous microbiota change within individuals over time. In this study, the dynamics of the skin microbiota, and its association networks, on the skin of urban residents over four seasons were characterized.
RESULTS
Similar to western cohorts, the individuals of this cohort show different extents of variations in relative abundance of common skin colonizers, concomitant with individual- and household-associated changes in differential abundances of bacterial taxa. Interestingly, the individualized nature of the skin microbiota extends to various aspects of microbial association networks, including co-occurring and excluding taxa, as well as overall network structural properties. Household occupancy is correlated with the extent of variations in relative abundance of Propionibacterium, Acinetobacter, and Bacillus over multiple skin sites. In addition, household occupancy is also associated with the extent of temporal changes in microbial diversity and composition within a resident's skin.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study investigating the potential roles household occupancy has on the extent of change in one's cutaneous microbiota and its association network structures. In particular, we show that relationships between the skin microbiota of a resident, his/her cohabitants, and those of non-cohabitants over time are highly personal and are possibly governed by living conditions and nature of interactions between cohabitants within households over 1 year. This study calls for increased awareness to personal and lifestyle factors that may govern relationships between the skin microbiota of one individual and those of cohabitants, and changes in the microbial association network structures within a person over time. The current study will act as a baseline for future assessments in comparing against temporal dynamics of microbiota from individuals with different skin conditions and for identifying residential factors that are beneficial in promoting the dynamics of the skin microbiota associated with health.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Bacillus; Bacteria; Biodiversity; Family Characteristics; Female; Host Specificity; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium; Seasons; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Skin; Urban Population
PubMed: 29394957
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0412-9 -
Microbial Cell Factories Feb 2023Vitamin B is a widely used compound in the feed and food, healthcare and medical industries that can only be produced by fermentation because of the complexity of its...
BACKGROUND
Vitamin B is a widely used compound in the feed and food, healthcare and medical industries that can only be produced by fermentation because of the complexity of its chemical synthesis. Besides, the use of Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) and Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) microorganisms, like Propionibacterium freudenreichii, especially non-GMO wild-type producers, are becoming an interesting alternative in markets where many final consumers have high health and ecological awareness. In this study, the production of vitamin B using the Propionibacterium freudenreichii NBRC 12391 wild-type strain was characterized and optimized in shake flasks before assessing several scale-up strategies.
RESULTS
Initial results established that: (i) agitation during the early stages of the culture had an inhibitory effect on the volumetric production, (ii) 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMBI) addition was necessary for vitamin B production, and (iii) kinetics of vitamin B accumulation were dependent on the induction time when DMBI was added. When scaling up in a bioreactor, both batch and fed-batch bioprocesses proved unsuitable for obtaining high volumetric productivities mainly due to carbon source limitation and propionic acid inhibition, respectively. To overcome these drawbacks, an anaerobic single-phase continuous bioprocess strategy was developed. This culture strategy was maintained stable during more than 5 residence times in two independent cultures, resulting in 5.7-fold increase in terms of volumetric productivity compared to other scale-up strategies.
CONCLUSION
Overall, compared to previously reported strategies aimed to reduce propionic acid inhibition, a less complex anaerobic single-phase continuous and more scalable bioprocess was achieved.
Topics: Propionibacterium freudenreichii; Vitamin B 12; Propionibacterium; Propionates; Fermentation; Vitamins
PubMed: 36759843
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02029-x -
PloS One 2018The definition criteria and clinical characteristics of implant-associated infection (IAI) caused by Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) spp. are poorly known. We...
BACKGROUND
The definition criteria and clinical characteristics of implant-associated infection (IAI) caused by Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) spp. are poorly known. We analyzed microbiologically proven Cutibacterium orthopedic IAI in a prospective cohort.
METHODS
Patients with periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) and fixation device-associated infections (FDAI) caused by Cutibacterium spp. were prospectively included. IAI was defined by significant growth of Cutibacterium spp. and presence of at least one non-microbiological criterion for infection. The McNemar's chi-squared or binomial test was used to compare the performance of diagnostic tests.
RESULTS
Of 121 patients with Cutibacterium IAI, 62 patients (51%) had PJI and 59 (49%) had FDAI. 109 infections (90%) were caused by C. acnes and 12 (10%) by C. avidum. The median time from implantation until diagnosis of infection was 15.7 months (interquartile range, 5-46.5 months). Clinical local signs were present in 30 patients (28%) and radiological implant loosening in 64 patients (63%). Culture sensitivity of sonication fluid was 84%, of peri-implant tissue 84% and of synovial or peri-implant fluid 56% after 14 days of incubation.
CONCLUSION
Cutibacterium IAI was diagnosed late in the disease course and presented with subtle signs. Prolonged culture incubation and implant sonication improved the poor performance of conventional microbiological tests. Due to lack of reliable diagnostic tests, Cutibacterium remains difficult to detect making the diagnosis challenging.
Topics: Aged; Arthritis, Infectious; Female; Humans; Joint Prosthesis; Male; Middle Aged; Orthopedic Equipment; Propionibacteriaceae; Prosthesis-Related Infections
PubMed: 30125299
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202639 -
Biomolecules Feb 2020The genome of ssp. T82, which has a chromosome containing 2,585,340 nucleotides with 67.3% GC content (guanine-cytosine content), is described in this paper. The total...
The genome of ssp. T82, which has a chromosome containing 2,585,340 nucleotides with 67.3% GC content (guanine-cytosine content), is described in this paper. The total number of genes is 2308, of which 2260 are protein-coding genes and 48 are RNA genes. According to the genome analysis and the obtained results, the T82 strain can produce various compounds such as propionic acid, trehalose, glycogen, and B group vitamins (e.g., B6, B9, and B12). From protein-coding sequences (CDSs), genes related to stress adaptation, biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, secretion, and defense machinery were detected. In the genome of the T82 strain, sequences corresponding to the CRISPR loci (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats), antibiotic resistance, and restriction-modification system were found.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Base Composition; Base Sequence; Genome; Genomics; Propionibacterium; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 32102319
DOI: 10.3390/biom10020348 -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2022Tranexamic acid (TXA) is extensively used in orthopedic surgery and traumatology as an antifibrinolytic agent to control intra- and postoperative bleeding and,...
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is extensively used in orthopedic surgery and traumatology as an antifibrinolytic agent to control intra- and postoperative bleeding and, therefore, indirectly, to reduce postsurgery infection rates. The hypothesis of an additional antibiotic effect against microorganisms associated with periprosthetic joint infection needs to be further evaluated. We aimed to assess whether TXA could reduce bacterial growth using an model. ATCC and clinical strains of staphylococci and Cutibacterium acnes were tested against TXA in both planktonic and sessile forms. We recorded the percent reduction in the following variables: log CFU/mL by microbiological culture, percentage of live cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and, additionally in sessile cells, metabolic activity by the 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide salt (XTT) assay. Variables were compared between groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the results were reported as median (interquartile range [IQR]). Statistical significance was set at a value of <0.05. Clinical significance was defined as a reduction of ≥25%. TXA at 50 mg/mL led to a slight reduction in CFU counts (4.5%). However, it was at 10 mg/mL that the reduction reached 27.2% and 33.0% for log CFU/mL counts and percentage of live cells, respectively. TXA was not efficacious for reducing preformed 24-h mature staphylococci and 48-h mature biofilms, regardless of its concentration. TXA did not exert an antimicrobial effect against bacterial biofilms. However, when bacteria were in the planktonic form, it led to a clinically and statistically significant reduction in bacterial growth at 10 mg/mL. The possible use of TXA as an antibiotic agent in addition to its antifibrinolytic effect may play an important role in the prevention of prosthetic joint infection.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Propionibacteriaceae; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Tranexamic Acid
PubMed: 35171021
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01612-21 -
BioMed Research International 2013We previously developed and validated a vortexing-sonication technique for detection of biofilm bacteria on the surface of explanted prosthetic joints. Herein, we...
We previously developed and validated a vortexing-sonication technique for detection of biofilm bacteria on the surface of explanted prosthetic joints. Herein, we evaluated this technique for diagnosis of infected breast tissue expanders and used it to assess colonization of breast tissue expanders. From April 2008 to December 2011, we studied 328 breast tissue expanders at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Of seven clinically infected breast tissue expanders, six (85.7%) had positive cultures, one of which grew Propionibacterium species. Fifty-two of 321 breast tissue expanders (16.2%, 95% CI, 12.3-20.7%) without clinical evidence of infection also had positive cultures, 45 growing Propionibacterium species and ten coagulase-negative staphylococci. While vortexing-sonication can detect clinically infected breast tissue expanders, 16 percent of breast tissue expanders appear to be asymptomatically colonized with normal skin flora, most commonly, Propionibacterium species.
Topics: Biofilms; Breast; Breast Implants; Female; Humans; Propionibacterium; Sonication; Tissue Expansion Devices
PubMed: 23956974
DOI: 10.1155/2013/254940 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Apr 2015The opportunistic human pathogen Propionibacterium acnes is composed of a number of distinct phylogroups, designated types IA1, IA2, IB, IC, II, and III, which vary in...
The opportunistic human pathogen Propionibacterium acnes is composed of a number of distinct phylogroups, designated types IA1, IA2, IB, IC, II, and III, which vary in their production of putative virulence factors, their inflammatory potential, and their biochemical, aggregative, and morphological characteristics. Although multilocus sequence typing (MLST) currently represents the gold standard for unambiguous phylogroup classification and individual strain identification, it is a labor-intensive and time-consuming technique. As a consequence, we developed a multiplex touchdown PCR assay that in a single reaction can confirm the species identity and phylogeny of an isolate based on its pattern of reaction with six primer sets that target the 16S rRNA gene (all isolates), ATPase (types IA1, IA2, and IC), sodA (types IA2 and IB), atpD (type II), and recA (type III) housekeeping genes, as well as a Fic family toxin gene (type IC). When applied to 312 P. acnes isolates previously characterized by MLST and representing types IA1 (n=145), IA2 (n=20), IB (n=65), IC (n=7), II (n=45), and III (n=30), the multiplex displayed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting isolates within each targeted phylogroup. No cross-reactivity with isolates from other bacterial species was observed. This multiplex assay will provide researchers with a rapid, high-throughput, and technically undemanding typing method for epidemiological and phylogenetic investigations. It will facilitate studies investigating the association of lineages with various infections and clinical conditions, and it will serve as a prescreening tool to maximize the number of genetically diverse isolates selected for downstream higher-resolution sequence-based analyses.
Topics: DNA Primers; DNA, Bacterial; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Molecular Typing; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Propionibacterium acnes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 25631794
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02460-14 -
MicrobiologyOpen Sep 2019Cutibacterium acnes, former Proprionibacterium acnes, is a heterogeneous species including acneic bacteria such as the RT4 strain, and commensal bacteria such as the RT6...
Cutibacterium acnes, former Proprionibacterium acnes, is a heterogeneous species including acneic bacteria such as the RT4 strain, and commensal bacteria such as the RT6 strain. These strains have been characterized by metagenomic analysis but their physiology was not investigated until now. Bacteria were grown in different media, brain heart infusion medium (BHI), reinforced clostridial medium (RCM), and in sebum like medium (SLM) specifically designed to reproduce the lipid rich environment of the sebaceous gland. Whereas the RT4 acneic strain showed maximal growth in SLM and lower growth in RCM and BHI, the RT6 non acneic strain was growing preferentially in RCM and marginally in SLM. These differences were correlated with the lipophilic surface of the RT4 strain and to the more polar surface of the RT6 strain. Both strains also showed marked differences in biofilm formation activity which was maximal for the RT4 strain in BHI and for the RT6 strain in SLM. However, cytotoxicity of both strains on HaCaT keratinocytes remained identical and limited. The RT4 acneic strain showed higher inflammatory potential than the RT6 non acneic strain, but the growth medium was without significant influence. Both bacteria were also capable to stimulate β-defensine 2 secretion by keratinocytes but no influence of the bacterial growth conditions was observed. Comparative proteomics analysis was performed by nano LC-MS/MS and revealed that whereas the RT4 strain only expressed triacylglycerol lipase, the principal C. acnes virulence factor, when it was grown in SLM, the RT6 strain expressed another virulence factor, the CAMP factor, exclusively when it was grown in BHI and RCM. This study demonstrates the key influence of growth conditions on virulence expression by C. acnesand suggest that acneic and non acneic strains are related to different environmental niches.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Bacterial Proteins; Cell Line; Culture Media; Humans; Keratinocytes; Propionibacterium acnes; Proteome; Sebum; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30950214
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.841