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Cell Host & Microbe Feb 2022What enables strains of the same species to coexist in a microbiome? Here, we investigate whether host anatomy can explain strain co-residence of Cutibacterium acnes,...
What enables strains of the same species to coexist in a microbiome? Here, we investigate whether host anatomy can explain strain co-residence of Cutibacterium acnes, the most abundant species on human skin. We reconstruct on-person evolution and migration using whole-genome sequencing of C. acnes colonies acquired from healthy subjects, including from individual skin pores, and find considerable spatial structure at the level of pores. Although lineages (sets of colonies separated by <100 mutations) with in vitro fitness differences coexist within centimeter-scale regions, each pore is dominated by a single lineage. Moreover, colonies from a pore typically have identical genomes. An absence of adaptive signatures suggests a genotype-independent source of low within-pore diversity. We therefore propose that pore anatomy imposes random single-cell bottlenecks; the resulting population fragmentation reduces competition and promotes coexistence. Our findings suggest that therapeutic interventions involving pore-dwelling species might focus on removing resident populations over optimizing probiotic fitness.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Microbiota; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 34995483
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.12.007 -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2022Capitella teleta, a marine polychaete that feeds on a refractory diet consisting of sediment, was shown to contain unique gut microbiota comprised of microbial...
Capitella teleta, a marine polychaete that feeds on a refractory diet consisting of sediment, was shown to contain unique gut microbiota comprised of microbial functional groups involved in fermentation. Results of our previous studies showed that C. teleta's core gut microbiota were dominated by propionibacteria, and that these bacteria were more abundant in worms than in sediment and feces. In order to test the hypothesis that the worm nutritionally benefits from its gut microbiota, we identified, and genetically and biochemically characterized Cutibacterium acnes strains (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) that were isolated from the gut of C. teleta. Here we show that 13 worm-isolated Cutibacterium acnes strains primarily belonged to phylotype group IB, likely as a clonal population. We also provide evidence that all tested strains produced propionate and vitamin B, which are essential host-requiring microbial metabolites. The presence of C. acnes in C. teleta was not unique to our worm culture and was also found in those obtained from geographically distant laboratories located in the U.S. and Europe. Moreover, populations of worm gut-associated C. acnes increased following antibiotic treatment. Collectively, results of this study demonstrated that C. acnes is a member of the worm's core functional microbiota and is likely selectively favored by the physiology and chemistry of the host gut environment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of C. acnes in the C. teleta gut. Our data strongly suggest that C. acnes, a bacterium previously studied as an opportunistic pathogen, can likely act as a symbiont in C. teleta providing the host essential nutrients for survival, growth, and reproduction.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota; Polychaeta; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 34688749
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151127 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2022The gastrointestinal microflora regulates the body's functions and plays an important role in its health. Dysbiosis leads to a number of chronic diseases such as...
The gastrointestinal microflora regulates the body's functions and plays an important role in its health. Dysbiosis leads to a number of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, inflammation, atherosclerosis, etc. However, these diseases can be prevented by using probiotics - living microorganisms that benefit the microflora and, therefore, improve the host organism's health. The most common probiotics include lactic acid bacteria of the Bifidobacterium and Propionibacterium genera. We studied the probiotic properties of the following strains: Bifidobacterium adolescentis АС-1909, Bifidobacterium longum infantis АС-1912, Propionibacterium jensenii В-6085, Propionibacterium freudenreichii В-11921, Propionibacterium thoenii В-6082, and Propionibacterium acidipropionici В-5723. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the 'agar blocks' method against the following test cultures: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa B6643, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 63, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. Moderate antimicrobial activity against all the test cultures was registered in Bifidobacterium adolescentis АС-1909, Propionibacterium jensenii В-6085, and Propionibacterium thoenii В-6082. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH inhibition method in all the lactic acid strains. Our study indicated that some Propionibacterium and Bifidobacterium strains or, theoretically, their consortia could be used as probiotic cultures in dietary supplements or functional foods to prevent a number of chronic diseases.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bifidobacterium; Escherichia coli; Gastrointestinal Tract; Probiotics; Propionibacteriaceae; Propionibacterium
PubMed: 35544788
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.256945 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2017Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disorder, and is caused by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and can induce inflammation. Antibiotic therapy often needs to be...
Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disorder, and is caused by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and can induce inflammation. Antibiotic therapy often needs to be administered for long durations in acne therapy, which results in extensive antibiotic exposure. The present study investigated a new treatment model for evaluating the antibacterial effects of lysozyme (LY)-shelled microbubbles (MBs) and ultrasound (US)-mediated LY-shelled MBs cavitation against P. acnes both in vitro and in vivo, with the aims of reducing the dose and treatment duration and improving the prognosis of acne vulgaris. In terms of the in vitro treatment efficacy, the growth of P. acnes was inhibited by 86.08 ± 2.99% in the LY-shelled MBs group and by 57.74 ± 3.09% in the LY solution group. For US power densities of 1, 2, and 3 W/cm in the LY-shelled MBs group, the growth of P. acnes was inhibited by 95.79 ± 3.30%, 97.99 ± 1.16%, and 98.69 ± 1.13%, respectively. The in vivo results showed that the recovery rate on day 13 was higher in the US group with LY-shelled MBs (97.8 ± 19.8%) than in the LY-shelled MBs group (90.3 ± 23.3%). Our results show that combined treatments of US and LY-shelled MBs can significantly reduce the treatment duration and inhibit P.-acnes-induced inflammatory skin diseases.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chickens; Colony Count, Microbial; Inflammation; Mice, Inbred ICR; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbubbles; Muramidase; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin Diseases; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 28117399
DOI: 10.1038/srep41325 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2021Zinc compounds have a number of beneficial properties for the skin, including antimicrobial, sebostatic and demulcent activities. The aim of the study was to develop new...
Zinc compounds have a number of beneficial properties for the skin, including antimicrobial, sebostatic and demulcent activities. The aim of the study was to develop new anti-acne preparations containing zinc-amino acid complexes as active ingredients. Firstly, the cytotoxicity of the zinc complexes was evaluated against human skin fibroblasts (1BR.3.N cell line) and human epidermal keratinocyte cell lines, and their antimicrobial activity was determined against . Then, zinc complexes of glycine and histidine were selected to create original gel formulations. The stability (by measuring pH, density and viscosity), microbiological purity (referring to PN-EN ISO standards) and efficacy of the preservative system (according to Ph. Eur. 10 methodology) for the preparations were evaluated. Skin tolerance was determined in a group of 25 healthy volunteers by the patch test. The preparations containing zinc(II) complexes with glycine and histidine as active substances can be topically used in the treatment of acne skin due to their high antibacterial activity against and low cytotoxicity for the skin cells. Dermatological recipes have been appropriately composed; no irritation or allergy was observed, and the preparations showed high microbiological purity and physicochemical stability.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cell Line; Glycine; Histidine; Humans; Keratinocytes; Propionibacteriaceae; Skin; Skin Cream; Zinc; Zinc Compounds
PubMed: 33561977
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041641 -
PloS One 2018Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes, considered a part of the skin microbiota, is one of the most commonly isolated anaerobic bacteria from medical implants in...
Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes, considered a part of the skin microbiota, is one of the most commonly isolated anaerobic bacteria from medical implants in contact with plasma. However, the precise interaction of C. acnes with blood cells and plasma proteins has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we have investigated the molecular interaction of C. acnes with platelets and plasma proteins. We report that the ability of C. acnes to aggregate platelets is dependent on phylotype, with a significantly lower ability amongst type IB isolates, and the interaction of specific donor-dependent plasma proteins (or concentrations thereof) with C. acnes. Pretreatment of C. acnes with plasma reduces the lag time before aggregation demonstrating that pre-deposition of plasma proteins on C. acnes is an important step in platelet aggregation. Using mass spectrometry we identified several plasma proteins deposited on C. acnes, including IgG, fibrinogen and complement factors. Inhibition of IgG, fibrinogen or complement decreased C. acnes-mediated platelet aggregation, demonstrating the importance of these plasma proteins for aggregation. The interaction of C. acnes and platelets was visualized using fluorescence microscopy, verifying the presence of IgG and fibrinogen as components of the aggregates, and co-localization of C. acnes and platelets in the aggregates. Here, we have demonstrated the ability of C. acnes to activate and aggregate platelets in a bacterium and donor-specific fashion, as well as added mechanistic insights into this interaction.
Topics: Blood Proteins; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Platelet Activation; Platelet Aggregation; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 29385206
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192051 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Feb 2020Antimicrobial-resistant strains have emerged and disseminated throughout the world. The 23S rRNA mutation and (X) gene are known as the major resistance determinants of...
Antimicrobial-resistant strains have emerged and disseminated throughout the world. The 23S rRNA mutation and (X) gene are known as the major resistance determinants of macrolides and clindamycin in We isolated eight high-level macrolide-clindamycin-resistant strains with no known resistance determinants, such as 23S rRNA mutation and (X), from different acne patients in 2008 between 2013 and 2015. The aim of this study was to identify the novel mechanisms of resistance in Whole-genome sequencing revealed the existence of a plasmid DNA, denoted pTZC1 (length, 31,440 bp), carrying the novel macrolide-clindamycin resistance gene (50) and tetracycline resistance gene (W). pTZC1 was detected in all isolates (eight strains) exhibiting high-level macrolide-clindamycin resistance, with no known resistance determinants (MIC of clarithromycin, ≥256 μg/ml; clindamycin, ≥256 μg/ml). Transconjugation experiments demonstrated that the pTZC1 was horizontally transferred among strains and conferred resistance to macrolides, clindamycin, and tetracyclines. Our data showed, for the first time, the existence of a transferable multidrug-resistant plasmid in Increased prevalence of this plasmid will be a great threat to antimicrobial therapy for acne vulgaris.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Clindamycin; Conjugation, Genetic; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Gene Expression; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Plasmids; Propionibacteriaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Tetracycline Resistance; Tetracyclines; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 31844016
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01810-19 -
Anaerobe Apr 2020FMX101 4% minocycline foam (FMX101 4%) is a novel, topical minocycline formulation for treatment of acne vulgaris. We report that FMX101 4% had an MIC of 0.25 μg/ml...
FMX101 4% minocycline foam (FMX101 4%) is a novel, topical minocycline formulation for treatment of acne vulgaris. We report that FMX101 4% had an MIC of 0.25 μg/ml and was ≥4-fold more active than comparator antimicrobials against a panel of 98 clinical Cutibacterium acnes isolates. The panel was diverse by clonal complex and sequence type, having 20 novel multi-locus sequence types including clonal complexes and sequence types associated with acne (CC1, CC3, and CC4; ST1 and ST3). Some isolates were phenotypically resistant to clindamycin (6.1%), erythromycin (14.3%), and tetracycline (2.0% intermediate resistance). Six isolates (6.4%) carried a mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA. With C. acnes, spontaneous resistance to FMX101 4% occurred at frequencies ranging from ≤5 × 10 to <1 × 10; mutations were identified in rpsJ, a gene encoding 30S ribosomal protein S10. No mutant exhibited a minocycline MIC above 0.5 μg/ml. No second-step mutation in previously isolated mutants or strains containing rpsJ ± 16S rRNA mutations was detected following minocycline challenge. Minocycline retained antibacterial activity against C. acnes over 15 multiple passages; thus, no selective growth advantage for minocycline-resistant mutants occurred under the experimental conditions. FMX101 4% has the potential to retain the favorable resistance profile of minocycline in diverse C. acnes isolates while providing the benefits of a topical formulation for treatment of acne vulgaris.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genotype; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Mutation; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 32058277
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102169 -
BMC Genomics Feb 2016Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis live in close proximity on human skin, and both bacterial species can be isolated from normal and acne...
BACKGROUND
Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis live in close proximity on human skin, and both bacterial species can be isolated from normal and acne vulgaris-affected skin sites. The antagonistic interactions between the two species are poorly understood, as well as the potential significance of bacterial interferences for the skin microbiota. Here, we performed simultaneous antagonism assays to detect inhibitory activities between multiple isolates of the two species. Selected strains were sequenced to identify the genomic basis of their antimicrobial phenotypes.
RESULTS
First, we screened 77 P. acnes strains isolated from healthy and acne-affected skin, and representing all known phylogenetic clades (I, II, and III), for their antimicrobial activities against 12 S. epidermidis isolates. One particular phylogroup (I-2) exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity than other P. acnes phylogroups. All genomes of type I-2 strains carry an island encoding the biosynthesis of a thiopeptide with possible antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis. Second, 20 S. epidermidis isolates were examined for inhibitory activity against 25 P. acnes strains. The majority of S. epidermidis strains were able to inhibit P. acnes. Genomes of S. epidermidis strains with strong, medium and no inhibitory activities against P. acnes were sequenced. Genome comparison underlined the diversity of S. epidermidis and detected multiple clade- or strain-specific mobile genetic elements encoding a variety of functions important in antibiotic and stress resistance, biofilm formation and interbacterial competition, including bacteriocins such as epidermin. One isolate with an extraordinary antimicrobial activity against P. acnes harbors a functional ESAT-6 secretion system that might be involved in the antimicrobial activity against P. acnes via the secretion of polymorphic toxins.
CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, our study suggests that interspecies interactions could potentially jeopardize balances in the skin microbiota. In particular, S. epidermidis strains possess an arsenal of different mechanisms to inhibit P. acnes. However, if such interactions are relevant in skin disorders such as acne vulgaris remains questionable, since no difference in the antimicrobial activity against, or the sensitivity towards S. epidermidis could be detected between health- and acne-associated strains of P. acnes.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Antibiosis; Comparative Genomic Hybridization; DNA, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium acnes; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Skin; Staphylococcus epidermidis
PubMed: 26924200
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2489-5 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jan 1978Propionibacterium acnes, P. avidum, and P. granulosum were quantitatively measured in 50 young adults. The scalp, forehead, external auditory canal, alae nasi, anterior...
Propionibacterium acnes, P. avidum, and P. granulosum were quantitatively measured in 50 young adults. The scalp, forehead, external auditory canal, alae nasi, anterior nares, groin, rectum, and antecubital and popliteal fossa were sampled. These represent various cutaneous microenvironments, differing in moisture, density of sweat, sebaceous glands, and extent of anaerobiosis. These studies show that the propionibacteria are ubiquitous on the skin, with P. acnes predominant in both prevalence and population, especially in areas rich in sebum. P. granulosum recovery paralled that of P. acnes, but the density was significantly lower. P. avidum was found mainly in moist areas and the retum, suggesting an intestinal reservoir.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Humans; Male; Propionibacterium; Propionibacterium acnes; Sebum; Skin; Species Specificity; Water
PubMed: 623473
DOI: 10.1128/aem.35.1.62-66.1978