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BMJ Clinical Evidence Jun 2011Herniated lumbar disc is a displacement of disc material (nucleus pulposus or annulus fibrosis) beyond the intervertebral disc space. The highest prevalence is among... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Herniated lumbar disc is a displacement of disc material (nucleus pulposus or annulus fibrosis) beyond the intervertebral disc space. The highest prevalence is among people aged 30 to 50 years, with a male to female ratio of 2:1. There is little evidence to suggest that drug treatments are effective in treating herniated disc.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of drug treatments, non-drug treatments, and surgery for herniated lumbar disc? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to June 2010 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found 37 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: acupuncture, advice to stay active, analgesics, antidepressants, bed rest, corticosteroids (epidural injections), cytokine inhibitors (infliximab), discectomy (automated percutaneous, laser, microdiscectomy, standard), exercise therapy, heat, ice, massage, muscle relaxants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), percutaneous disc decompression, spinal manipulation, and traction.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Diskectomy; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Manipulation, Spinal; Traction
PubMed: 21711958
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2021The aim of this study was to describe and update current knowledge of manual therapy accuracy in treating cervical and lumbar radiculopathy, to identify the limitations...
The aim of this study was to describe and update current knowledge of manual therapy accuracy in treating cervical and lumbar radiculopathy, to identify the limitations in current studies, and to suggest areas for future research. The study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases up to April 2020. The following inclusion criteria were used: (1) presence of radiculopathy; (2) treatment defined as manual therapy (i.e., traction, manipulation, mobilization); and (3) publication defined as a Randomized Controlled Trial. The electronic literature search resulted in 473 potentially relevant articles. Finally, 27 articles were accepted: 21 on cervical (CR) and 6 in lumbar radiculopathy (LR). The mean PEDro score for CR was 6.6 (SD 1.3), and for LR 6.7 (SD 1.6). Traction-oriented techniques are the most frequently chosen treatment form for CR and are efficient in reducing pain and improving functional outcomes. In LR, each of the included publications used a different form of manual therapy, which makes it challenging to summarize knowledge in this group. Of included publications, 93% were either of moderate or low quality, which indicates that quality improvement is necessary for this type of research.
Topics: Humans; Musculoskeletal Manipulations; Neck; Neck Pain; Radiculopathy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Traction
PubMed: 34200510
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116176 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Aug 2012Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine . While AIS can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine . While AIS can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a certain critical threshold, the risk of health problems and curve progression is increased. The use of scoliosis-specific exercises (SSE) to reduce progression of AIS and postpone or avoid other more invasive treatments is controversial.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the efficacy of SSE in adolescent patients with AIS.
SEARCH METHODS
The following databases (up to 30 March 2011) were searched with no language limitations: CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2011, issue 2), MEDLINE (from January 1966), EMBASE (from January 1980), CINHAL (from January 1982), SportDiscus (from January 1975), PsycInfo (from January 1887), PEDro (from January 1929). We screened reference lists of articles and also conducted an extensive handsearch of grey literature.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies with a control group comparing exercises with no treatment, other treatment, surgery, and different types of exercises.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently selected studies, assessed risk of bias and extracted data.
MAIN RESULTS
Two studies (154 participants) were included. There is low quality evidence from one randomised controlled study that exercises as an adjunctive to other conservative treatments increase the efficacy of these treatments (thoracic curve reduced: mean difference (MD) 9.00, (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.47 to 12.53); lumbar curve reduced:MD 8.00, (95% CI 5.08 to 10.92)). There is very low quality evidence from a prospective controlled cohort study that scoliosis-specific exercises structured within an exercise programme can reduce brace prescription (risk ratio (RR) 0.24, (95% CI 0.06 to1.04) as compared to usual physiotherapy (many different kinds of general exercises according to the preferences of the single therapists within different facilities).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is a lack of high quality evidence to recommend the use of SSE for AIS. One very low quality study suggested that these exercises may be more effective than electrostimulation, traction and postural training to avoid scoliosis progression, but better quality research needs to be conducted before the use of SSE can be recommended in clinical practice.
Topics: Adolescent; Disease Progression; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Physical Therapy Modalities; Posture; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Scoliosis; Traction
PubMed: 22895967
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007837.pub2 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022This study is aimed at exploring the clinical effect of mechanical traction on lumbar disc herniation (LDH). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
This study is aimed at exploring the clinical effect of mechanical traction on lumbar disc herniation (LDH).
METHODS
Related literatures were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, and CNKI databases. Inclusion of literature topic was comparison of mechanical traction and conventional physical therapy for lumbar disc herniation. Jadad scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included RCT studies. The Chi-square test was used for the heterogeneity test, and a random effect model was used with heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to explore the causes of heterogeneity. If there was no heterogeneity, the fixed effect model was used, and funnel plots were used to test publication bias.
RESULTS
Visual analog scale (VAS) in the mechanical traction group was lower than that in the conventional physical therapy group (MD = -1.39 (95% CI (-1.81, -0.98)), = 6.56, and < 0.00001). There was no heterogeneity among studies (Chi = 6.62, = 0.25, and = 24%) and no publication bias. Oswestry disability index (ODI) in the mechanical traction group was lower than that in the conventional physical therapy group (MD = -6.34 (95% CI (-10.28, -2.39)), = 3.15, and = 0.002). There was no heterogeneity between studies (Chi = 6.27, = 0.18, and = 36%) and no publication bias. There was no significant difference in Schober test scores between the mechanical traction group and the conventional physical therapy group (MD = -0.40 (95% CI (-1.07, 0.28)), = 1.16, and = 0.25). There was no heterogeneity among studies (Chi = 1.61, = 0.66, and = 0%) and no publication bias.
CONCLUSION
Mechanical traction can effectively relieve lumbar and leg pain and improve ODI in patients with lumbar disc herniation but has no significant effect on spinal motion. The therapeutic effect of mechanical traction was significantly better than that of conventional physical therapy. Lumbar traction can be used in conjunction with other traditional physical therapy.
Topics: Humans; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Lumbar Vertebrae; Physical Therapy Modalities; Traction; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35774300
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5670303 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry May 2022Traction force microscopy (TFM) has emerged as a versatile technique for the measurement of single-cell-generated forces. TFM has gained wide use among mechanobiology... (Review)
Review
Traction force microscopy (TFM) has emerged as a versatile technique for the measurement of single-cell-generated forces. TFM has gained wide use among mechanobiology laboratories, and several variants of the original methodology have been proposed. However, issues related to the experimental setup and, most importantly, data analysis of cell traction datasets may restrain the adoption of TFM by a wider community. In this review, we summarize the state of the art in TFM-related research, with a focus on the analytical methods underlying data analysis. We aim to provide the reader with a friendly compendium underlying the potential of TFM and emphasizing the methodological framework required for a thorough understanding of experimental data. We also compile a list of data analytics tools freely available to the scientific community for the furtherance of knowledge on this powerful technique.
Topics: Biophysics; Cell Adhesion; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Traction
PubMed: 35351517
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101867 -
Gut and Liver Nov 2020This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy of the current approach to tissue traction during the endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of superficial... (Review)
Review
This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy of the current approach to tissue traction during the endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of superficial esophageal cancer, early gastric cancer, and colorectal neoplasms. We performed a systematic electronic literature search of articles published in PubMed and selected comparative studies to investigate the treatment outcomes of tractionassisted versus conventional ESD. Using the keywords, we retrieved 381 articles, including five eligible articles on the esophagus, 13 on the stomach, and 12 on the colorectum. A total of seven randomized controlled trials and 23 retrospective studies were identified. Clip line traction and submucosal tunneling were effective in reducing the procedural time during esophageal ESD. The efficacy of traction methods in gastric ESD varied in terms of the devices and strategies used depending on the lesion location and degree of submucosal fibrosis. Several prospective and retrospective studies utilized traction devices without the need to reinsert the colonoscope. When pocket creation is included, the traction devices and methods effectively shorten the procedural time during colorectal ESD. Although the efficacy is dependent on the organ and tumor locations, several traction techniques have been demonstrated to be efficacious in facilitating ESD by maintaining satisfactory traction during dissection.
Topics: Dissection; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; Humans; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Traction; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31887810
DOI: 10.5009/gnl19266 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... May 2022It is increasingly recognized that interaction of adipose cells with extracellular mechanophysical milieus may play a role in regulating adipogenesis and differentiated...
It is increasingly recognized that interaction of adipose cells with extracellular mechanophysical milieus may play a role in regulating adipogenesis and differentiated adipocyte function and such interaction can be mediated by the mechanics of adipose cells. We measured the stiffness and traction force of adipose cells and examined the role of Rho/ROCK, the upstream effector of actin cytoskeletal contractility, in affecting these mechanical properties. Cellular Young's modulus obtained from atomic force microscopy (AFM) was significantly reduced by ROCK inhibitor (Y-27632) but elevated by Rho activator (CN01), for both preadipocytes and differentiated adipocytes. Immunofluorescent imaging suggested this could be attributed to the changes in Rho/ROCK-induced stressed actin filament formation. AFM also confirmed that differentiated adipocytes had higher stiffness than preadipocytes. On the other hand, traction force microscopy (TFM) revealed differentiated adipocytes exerted lower traction forces than preadipocytes. Traction forces of both preadipocytes and adipocytes were decreased by ROCK inhibition, but not significantly altered by Rho activation. Notably, an increasing trend of traction force with respect to cell spreading area was detected, and this trend was substantially amplified by Rho activation. Such traction force-cell area correlation was an order-of-magnitude smaller for differentiated adipocytes relative to preadipocytes, potentially due to disrupted force transmission through cytoskeleton-focal adhesion linkage by lipid droplets. Our work provides new data evidencing the Rho/ROCK control in adipose cell mechanics, laying the groundwork for adipocyte mechanotransduction studies on adipogenesis and adipose tissue remodeling.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Focal Adhesions; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Traction
PubMed: 35339750
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.078 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jul 2016Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is problematic with regard to en bloc and curable resection rates. Advancements in endoscopic techniques have enabled novel endoscopic... (Review)
Review
Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is problematic with regard to en bloc and curable resection rates. Advancements in endoscopic techniques have enabled novel endoscopic approaches such as endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), which has overcome some EMR problems, and has become the standard treatment for gastrointestinal tumors. However, ESD is technically difficult. Procedure time is longer and complications such as intraoperative perforation and bleeding occur more frequently than in EMR. Recently various traction methods have been introduced to facilitate ESD procedures, such as clip with line, external forceps, clip and snare, internal traction, double scope, and magnetic anchor. Each method must be used appropriately according to the anatomical characteristics. In this review we discuss recently proposed traction methods for ESD based on the characteristics of various anatomical sites.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Operative Time; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Stomach Neoplasms; Traction
PubMed: 27468186
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i26.5917 -
Molecular Systems Biology Dec 2021Motile cells can use and switch between different modes of migration. Here, we use traction force microscopy and fluorescent labeling of actin and myosin to quantify and...
Motile cells can use and switch between different modes of migration. Here, we use traction force microscopy and fluorescent labeling of actin and myosin to quantify and correlate traction force patterns and cytoskeletal distributions in Dictyostelium discoideum cells that move and switch between keratocyte-like fan-shaped, oscillatory, and amoeboid modes. We find that the wave dynamics of the cytoskeletal components critically determine the traction force pattern, cell morphology, and migration mode. Furthermore, we find that fan-shaped cells can exhibit two different propulsion mechanisms, each with a distinct traction force pattern. Finally, the traction force patterns can be recapitulated using a computational model, which uses the experimentally determined spatiotemporal distributions of actin and myosin forces and a viscous cytoskeletal network. Our results suggest that cell motion can be generated by friction between the flow of this network and the substrate.
Topics: Actin Cytoskeleton; Actins; Actomyosin; Cell Movement; Dictyostelium; Traction
PubMed: 34898015
DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110505 -
Clinical and Translational... Dec 2022Adequate exposure of the dissection site is very important for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of the...
INTRODUCTION
Adequate exposure of the dissection site is very important for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of the preincision traction (PIT) method using an internal clip-with-spring device in comparison with the conventional on-demand traction (ODT) method in assisting colorectal ESD.
METHODS
This was a prospective nested case-control study. A total of 26 patients for PIT-ESD and other 26 patients for ODT-ESD were involved. Data on clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
The en bloc resection rate (both 100%) and curative resection rate (92.3% vs 96.2%) showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. Compared with ODT-ESD, PIT-ESD significantly reduced the procedure time (29.8 ± 18.4 vs 57.4 ± 33.7 minutes, P = 0.001) and submucosal injection volume (49.6 ± 32.3 vs 70.8 ± 37.6 mL, P = 0.034), decreased the rate of intraoperative bleeding (26.9% vs 57.7%, P = 0.025) and muscular injury (7.7% vs 34.6%, P = 0.038), and shortened the postoperative hospital stay (1.8 ± 0.8 vs 2.5 ± 1.2, P = 0.015).
DISCUSSION
The PIT method could significantly improve the safety and efficacy of colorectal ESD.
Topics: Humans; Treatment Outcome; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; Traction; Case-Control Studies; Prospective Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 36201665
DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000539