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BioMed Research International 2022The relationship between urinary system tumors and urothelial microorganisms remains unexplored. This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between urinary flora...
The relationship between urinary system tumors and urothelial microorganisms remains unexplored. This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between urinary flora and urinary tumors and identifying potential biomarkers for urinary tumors and new targets for prevention. We included four healthy adults (control group) and six patients diagnosed with urinary tract tumors (tumor group). In both groups, 10 and 50 ml clean middle urine samples were reserved. The 10 ml samples were analyzed (including pH, specific gravity, and leukocytes) using an automatic urine analyzer, and the 50 ml samples were analyzed by DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene amplification, and high-throughput sequencing. The correlation between routine urine analysis and sequencing results was also analyzed. Testing using the DESeq2 method showed that, at the order level, there were significant differences in the abundance of Caulobacterales between the urinary flora of the two groups ( < 0.05); family level, , , and ( < 0.05); genus level, , , , , , , and ( < 0.05). LEfSe analysis found specific bacteria at the genus level in the urinary flora of the tumor group, namely, (genus Digestiflora) ( < 0.001) and Varibaculum ( < 0.001). Further correlation analysis showed that both species were positively correlated with the urine pH ( < 0.05). PICRUSt analysis showed significant differences in the two functional pathways of cell transformation and metabolism ( < 0.05). Combined with the results of bioinformatics analysis, some differential bacteria may be new biomarkers for urologic tumors, and there may be a correlation between urine pH and tumor occurrence. However, large-scale prospective studies and in vitro and in vivo experiments are required to further test and verify these findings.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Adult; Bacteria; Clostridiales; Humans; Prospective Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Urinary Tract; Urologic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35872872
DOI: 10.1155/2022/9368687 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021The intestinal mucosa is lined by epithelial cells, which are key cells to sustain gut homeostasis. Food allergy is an immune-mediated adverse reaction to food, likely...
The intestinal mucosa is lined by epithelial cells, which are key cells to sustain gut homeostasis. Food allergy is an immune-mediated adverse reaction to food, likely due to defective regulatory circuits. is a non-pathogenic bacterium with immunomodulatory properties. We hypothesize that the anti-inflammatory effect of dead . on activated epithelial cells modulates milk allergy through the restoration of tolerance in a mouse model. Epithelial cells (Caco-2 and enterocytes from mouse gut) and macrophages were stimulated with . and induction of luciferase under the NF-κB promoter, ROS and cytokines production were studied. Balb/c mice were mucosally sensitized with cow´s milk proteins plus cholera toxin and orally challenged with the allergen to evidence hypersensitivity symptoms. After that, mice were orally administered with heat-killed . as treatment and then challenged with the allergen. The therapeutic efficacy was (clinical score and cutaneous test) and (serum specific antibodies and cytokines-ELISA, and cell analysis-flow cytometry) evaluated. Heat-killed . modulated the induction of pro-inflammatory chemokines, with an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines by intestinal epithelial cells and by macrophages with decreased OX40L expression. , oral administration of . increased the frequency of lamina propria CD4CD25FoxP3 T cells, and clinical signs were lower in . -treated mice compared with milk-sensitized animals. depletion of Tregs (anti-CD25) abrogated . immunomodulation. In conclusion, these bacteria suppressed the intestinal inflammatory immune response to reverse food allergy.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Animals; Caco-2 Cells; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Interleukin-10; Intestinal Mucosa; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Milk Hypersensitivity; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Th2 Cells
PubMed: 33995359
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641597 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2020Although many advances have been achieved to treat aggressive tumours, cancer remains a leading cause of death and a public health problem worldwide. Among the main...
Although many advances have been achieved to treat aggressive tumours, cancer remains a leading cause of death and a public health problem worldwide. Among the main approaches for the discovery of new bioactive agents, the prospect of microbial secondary metabolites represents an effective source for the development of drug leads. In this study, we investigated the actinobacterial diversity associated with an endemic Antarctic species, Deschampsia antarctica, by integrated culture-dependent and culture-independent methods and acknowledged this niche as a reservoir of bioactive strains for the production of antitumour compounds. The 16S rRNA-based analysis showed the predominance of the Actinomycetales order, a well-known group of bioactive metabolite producers belonging to the Actinobacteria phylum. Cultivation techniques were applied, and 72 psychrotolerant Actinobacteria strains belonging to the genera Actinoplanes, Arthrobacter, Kribbella, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Pilimelia, Pseudarthrobacter, Rhodococcus, Streptacidiphilus, Streptomyces and Tsukamurella were identified. The secondary metabolites were screened, and 17 isolates were identified as promising antitumour compound producers. However, the bio-guided assay showed a pronounced antiproliferative activity for the crude extracts of Streptomyces sp. CMAA 1527 and Streptomyces sp. CMAA 1653. The TGI and LC values revealed the potential of these natural products to control the proliferation of breast (MCF-7), glioblastoma (U251), lung/non-small (NCI-H460) and kidney (786-0) human cancer cell lines. Cinerubin B and actinomycin V were the predominant compounds identified in Streptomyces sp. CMAA 1527 and Streptomyces sp. CMAA 1653, respectively. Our results suggest that the rhizosphere of D. antarctica represents a prominent reservoir of bioactive actinobacteria strains and reveals it as an important environment for potential antitumour agents.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomycetales; Antarctic Regions; Anthracyclines; Antineoplastic Agents; Biological Factors; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Culture Techniques; Dactinomycin; Drug Discovery; Humans; Neoplasms; Streptomyces
PubMed: 32807803
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69786-2 -
SpringerPlus 2016We describe an immunocompromised patient with bacteremia and coinfection of pneumonia.
INTRODUCTION
We describe an immunocompromised patient with bacteremia and coinfection of pneumonia.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 75-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of persistent fever with general malaise. His medical history showed that he had diabetes mellitus (HbA1C 9.2%). A chest computed tomography (CT) showed left upper lung consolidation . Two sets of blood culture at admission finally showed . Moreover, three transbronchoscopy washing specimen cultures revealed .
DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION
The organism was identified using conventional biochemical identification methods, PCR-restriction DNA fragment analysis, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The clinical mycobacterial isolates were identified to the species level by combining Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with an oligonucleotide microarray to detect the amplicons.
CONCLUSION
According to our literature review, our patient's case was the first of a coinfection with and . Prolonged antibiotic treatment and underlying disease control are necessary for this type of patient.
PubMed: 27995010
DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3707-y -
Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 2022Longicatenamides A-D are cyclic hexapeptides isolated from the combined culture of sp. KUSC_F05 and TP-B0596. Because these peptides are not detected in the...
Longicatenamides A-D are cyclic hexapeptides isolated from the combined culture of sp. KUSC_F05 and TP-B0596. Because these peptides are not detected in the monoculture broth of the actinomycete, they are key tools for understanding chemical communication in the microbial world. Herein, we report the solid-phase total synthesis and structural confirmation of longicatenamide A. First, commercially unavailable building blocks were chemically synthesized with stereocontrol. Second, the peptide chain was elongated via Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis. Third, the peptide chain was cyclized in the solution phase, followed by simultaneous cleavage of all protecting groups to afford longicatenamide A. Chromatographic analysis corroborated the chemical structure of longicatenamide A. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of synthesized longicatenamide A was confirmed. The developed solid-phase synthesis is expected to facilitate the rapid synthesis of diverse synthetic analogues.
PubMed: 36474967
DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.166 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2015The importance of volatile organic compounds for functioning of microbes is receiving increased research attention. However, to date very little is known on how...
The importance of volatile organic compounds for functioning of microbes is receiving increased research attention. However, to date very little is known on how inter-specific bacterial interactions effect volatiles production as most studies have been focused on volatiles produced by monocultures of well-described bacterial genera. In this study we aimed to understand how inter-specific bacterial interactions affect the composition, production and activity of volatiles. Four phylogenetically different bacterial species namely: Chryseobacterium, Dyella, Janthinobacterium, and Tsukamurella were selected. Earlier results had shown that pairwise combinations of these bacteria induced antimicrobial activity in agar media whereas this was not the case for monocultures. In the current study, we examined if these observations were also reflected by the production of antimicrobial volatiles. Thus, the identity and antimicrobial activity of volatiles produced by the bacteria were determined in monoculture as well in pairwise combinations. Antimicrobial activity of the volatiles was assessed against fungal, oomycetal, and bacterial model organisms. Our results revealed that inter-specific bacterial interactions affected volatiles blend composition. Fungi and oomycetes showed high sensitivity to bacterial volatiles whereas the effect of volatiles on bacteria varied between no effects, growth inhibition to growth promotion depending on the volatile blend composition. In total 35 volatile compounds were detected most of which were sulfur-containing compounds. Two commonly produced sulfur-containing volatile compounds (dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide) were tested for their effect on three target bacteria. Here, we display the importance of inter-specific interactions on bacterial volatiles production and their antimicrobial activities.
PubMed: 26733959
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01412 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Oct 2017Tsukamurella pulmonis is an aerobic gram-positive and rod-shaped organism that causes central catheter-related bloodstream infections in immunocompromised hosts.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Tsukamurella pulmonis is an aerobic gram-positive and rod-shaped organism that causes central catheter-related bloodstream infections in immunocompromised hosts. However, peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related bloodstream infections due to this organism have not been reported.
CASE PRESENTATION
We describe a case of a 48-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and diffuse large B cell lymphoma who received five courses of chemotherapy including rituximab , cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin hydrochloride , vincristine , and prednisone via a PICC. Five days after the last chemotherapy course, he presented with a high fever and shaking chills. His absolute neutrophil count was 4200/μL. Cultures obtained from blood and PICC culture revealed T. pulmonis. The colony count of T. pulmonis grown from PICC culture was 10 colony-forming units. Therefore, he was diagnosed with T. pulmonis bacteremia resulting from PICC-related bloodstream infection. The patient's condition improved and he became afebrile within 48 h after intravenous administration of cefozopran hydrochloride, which is a fourth generation cephalosporin.
CONCLUSIONS
PICCs can be associated with T. pulmonis bacteremia, and fourth generation cephalosporins may be effective treatment.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Actinobacteria; Administration, Intravenous; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacteremia; Catheter-Related Infections; Catheterization, Peripheral; Cephalosporins; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Middle Aged; Cefozopran
PubMed: 29020942
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2796-8 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections May 2018Although Tsukamurella infections have been increasingly reported in Europe, Asia, America, and Africa, indicating that diseases caused by this group of bacteria are...
Although Tsukamurella infections have been increasingly reported in Europe, Asia, America, and Africa, indicating that diseases caused by this group of bacteria are emerging in a global scale, species identification within this genus is difficult in most clinical microbiology laboratories. Recently, we showed that groEL gene sequencing is useful for identification of all existing Tsukamurella species. Nevertheless, PCR sequencing is still considered expensive, time-consuming, and technically demanding, and therefore is yet to be incorporated as a routine identification method in clinical laboratories. Using groEL gene sequencing as the reference method, 60 Tsukamurella isolates were identified as five different Tsukamurella species [T. tyrosinosolvens (n = 31), T. pulmonis (n = 25), T. hongkongensis (n = 2), T. strandjordii (n = 1), and T. sinensis (n = 1)]. The most common source of the patient isolates were the eye (n = 18), sputum (n = 6), and blood (n = 6). None of the 60 isolates were identified correctly to species level by MALDI-TOF MS with the original Bruker database V.6.0.0.0. Using the Bruker database extended with 15 type and reference strains which covered all the currently recognized 11 Tsukamurella species, 59 of the 60 isolates were correctly identified to the species level with score ≥2.0. MALDI-TOF MS should be useful for routine species identification of Tsukamurella in clinical microbiology laboratories after optimization of the database. T. tyrosinosolvens was the most common species observed in patients with Tsukamurella infections and the predominant species associated with ocular infections.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Eye Infections; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Phylogeny; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 29739926
DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0083-4 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The poultry red mite poses a significant threat to the health of hens and poultry production. A comprehensive understanding of is necessary to develop sustainable and...
The poultry red mite poses a significant threat to the health of hens and poultry production. A comprehensive understanding of is necessary to develop sustainable and efficacious control methods. Here we examined 144 collected from 18 poultry farms throughout the Japanese Archipelago for their genetic variations based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences, and microbiome variations based on amplicon sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. According to COI sequencing, the Japanese samples were categorized into three haplogroups, which did not reflect the geographical distribution. Microbiome analyses found that the major bacteria associated with were , , , and , with being most predominant. Among 144 individual mites, all possessed one of the two major types of ( sp. A), while 140 mites possessed the other type ( sp. B). The presence of the two strains of was also confirmed by a single copy gene, . The presence of in laid eggs suggested transovarial vertical transmission. Given that obligate blood-feeding arthropods generally require a supply of B vitamins from symbiotic bacteria, may play an important role in mite survival. , a major symbiont in European populations, and suggested to be an important symbiont by genomic data, was rarely found in Japanese populations. detected from fell into a major clade found widely in arthropods, whereas detected in Japanese appear to be a new lineage, located at the base of phylogeny. Of the mitochondrial phylogeny, infection patterns of and were strongly correlated, possibly suggesting one or both of the symbionts induce reproductive manipulations and increase spread in the host populations.
PubMed: 36425043
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1031535 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Oct 2015Three Tsukamurella phages, TIN2, TIN3, and TIN4, were isolated from activated sludge treatment plants located in Victoria, Australia, using conventional enrichment...
Three Tsukamurella phages, TIN2, TIN3, and TIN4, were isolated from activated sludge treatment plants located in Victoria, Australia, using conventional enrichment techniques. Illumina and 454 whole-genome sequencing of these Siphoviridae viruses revealed that they had similar genome sequences, ranging in size between 76,268 bp and 76,964 bp. All three phages shared 74% nucleotide sequence identity to the previously described Gordonia phage GTE7. Genome sequencing suggested that phage TIN3 had suffered a mutation in one of its lysis genes compared to the sequence of phage TIN4, to which it is genetically very similar. Mass spectroscopy data showed the unusual presence of a virion structural gene in the DNA replication module of phage TIN4, disrupting the characteristic modular genome architecture of Siphoviridae phages. All three phages appeared highly virulent on strains of Tsukamurella inchonensis and Tsukamurella paurometabola.
Topics: Bacteriophages; Genome, Viral; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Sewage; Siphoviridae; Victoria
PubMed: 26187971
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01145-15