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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2020Seventy-eight graviera cheese samples produced in five different regions of Greece were characterized and discriminated according to geographical origin. For the above...
Seventy-eight graviera cheese samples produced in five different regions of Greece were characterized and discriminated according to geographical origin. For the above purpose, pH, titratable acidity (TA), NaCl, proteins, fat on a dry weight basis, ash, fatty acid composition, volatile compounds, and minerals were determined. Both multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were applied to experimental data to achieve sample geographical discrimination. The results showed that the combination of fatty acid composition plus minerals provided a correct classification rate of 89.7%. The value for the combination of fatty acid compositions plus conventional quality parameters was 94.9% and for the combination of minerals plus conventional quality parameters was 97.4%. When cheeses of the above five geographical origins were combined with previously studied graviera cheeses from six other geographical origins collected during the same seasons in Greece, the respective values for the discrimination of geographical origin of all eleven origins were 89.3% for conventional quality parameters plus minerals; 94.0% for conventional quality parameters plus fatty acids; 94.1% for minerals plus fatty acids; and 95.2% for conventional quality parameters plus minerals plus fatty acids. Such high correct classification rates demonstrate the robustness of the developed statistical model.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Cheese; Discriminant Analysis; Fatty Acids; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Greece; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Minerals; Solid Phase Extraction; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 32752067
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153507 -
European Journal of Biochemistry Sep 1977
Comparative Study
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Carbohydrates; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glycopeptides; Glycoproteins; Kidney; Liver; Methylation; Microsomes; Microsomes, Liver; Molecular Conformation; Rats; Subcellular Fractions
PubMed: 913404
DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11749.x -
Journal of Biochemistry Sep 1975Equine renal glycopshingolipids were composed of galactocerebroside, glucocerbroside, ceramide dihexoside, ceramide trihexoside, sulfatide, globoside I, Forssman...
Equine renal glycopshingolipids were composed of galactocerebroside, glucocerbroside, ceramide dihexoside, ceramide trihexoside, sulfatide, globoside I, Forssman globoside, and hematoside. Free ceramide and sphingomyelin were also found in equine kidney. Their long chain bases consisted of sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine, C18-phytosphingosine, and C20-phytosphingosine, whereas the fatty acids were separated into two groups: nonhydroxy and hydroxy fatty acids. Ceramide monohexoside was separated into five spots by TLC on borax-impregnated plates. The major component of ceramide monohexoside was glucocerbroside which accounted for 46.6% of the total ceramide monohexoside and contained a ceramide consisting of phytosphingosines and hydroxy fatty acids. The long chain bases of hematoside and sulfatide contained dihydroxy and trihydroxy bases in nearly equal ratios. On the other hand, the other glycosphingolipids contained mainly dihydroxy bases, though with significant amounts of trihydroxy bases. Free ceramides were separated into four groups by silicic acid column chromatography and the major ceramides were of two kinds, consisting of dihydroxy bases and nonhydroxy fatty acids (49.9% of the total ceramide) and of trihydroxy bases and nonhydroxy fatty acids (38.5% of the total ceramide). The minor ceramides contained predominantly hydroxy fatty acids. Neither trihydroxy bases nor hydroxy fatty acids were detected in spingomyelin.
Topics: Animals; Ceramides; Cerebrosides; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Fatty Acids; Horses; Hydroxy Acids; Immunodiffusion; Kidney; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Sphingolipids; Sphingosine; Sulfoglycosphingolipids
PubMed: 818074
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a130937 -
European Journal of Biochemistry Aug 1974
Comparative Study
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Animals; Cattle; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Countercurrent Distribution; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Hexosamines; Hexoses; Luteinizing Hormone; Methods; Molecular Weight; Neuraminic Acids; Peptide Fragments; Swine; Thyrotropin; Ultracentrifugation; Urea
PubMed: 4853697
DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03655.x -
The Biochemical Journal Sep 19711. Insoluble polymeric collagens from various human tissues were prepared by the EDTA method. Almost all of the collagen from simple soft tissues such as dermis, tendon,...
1. Insoluble polymeric collagens from various human tissues were prepared by the EDTA method. Almost all of the collagen from simple soft tissues such as dermis, tendon, submucosa, sclera and cornea could be extracted, whereas the more complex tissues such as intercostal cartilage and intervertebral disc yielded only small amounts of collagen. Amino acid and carbohydrate analysis indicated that most of the preparations were highly purified on the basis of their tyrosine, hexosamine, mannose, xylose and fucose contents. 2. Wide variation in the total hexose content was observed, the lowest being 8.5 residues/3000 amino acid residues for collagen from dermis and the highest being 42.1 residues/3000 in corneal collagen. The molar ratios of sugars also varied, submucosal collagen having a galactose/glucose ratio of 1.0 and corneal collagen having a ratio of 2.3. 3. The presence of glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine was confirmed in submucosal collagen by compositional and chromatographic analysis of this component after its isolation from alkaline hydrolysates of the collagen. Evidence was also obtained for the presence of galactosylhydroxylysine. 4. Determination of the hydroxylysyl glycosides was carried out and it was observed that the amounts of these components varied widely from tissue to tissue. Corneal collagen contained 19.1 hydroxylysine-linked carbohydrate units/3000 amino acid residues, whereas tendon collagen contained only 4.1 units/3000. Variation in the ratio disaccharide unit/monosaccharide unit was also observed, the ratio being 1.2 in intercostal cartilage collagen and 4.1 in submucosal collagen. The proportion of the total hydroxylysine that was substituted by carbohydrate also varied from tissue to tissue.
Topics: Amino Acids; Carbohydrates; Cartilage; Chromatography; Collagen; Cornea; Edetic Acid; Electrophoresis; Glycosides; Heart Valves; Hexosamines; Hexoses; Humans; Hydroxylysine; Intervertebral Disc; Intestines; Sclera; Skin; Tendons; Tyrosine; Xylose
PubMed: 5002672
DOI: 10.1042/bj1240467 -
Infection and Immunity Jul 1987The capsular polymer (CP) of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 was purified, and its chemical composition was analyzed. Radioimmunoassay experiments showed that...
The capsular polymer (CP) of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 was purified, and its chemical composition was analyzed. Radioimmunoassay experiments showed that the maximum amount of CP could be obtained from broth cultures of bacteria in the late stationary phase, rather than from bacteria washed off agar plates. The CP was precipitated from culture supernatant with 5 mM hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (Cetavlon) and solubilized with 0.4 M NaCl. Ninety percent of the CP in the culture supernatant was precipitated with Cetavlon, although some material remained insoluble after NaCl extraction. The CP was further purified by phenol extraction, ultracentrifugation, and Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration. The Kav of the CP from Sepharose CL-4B chromatography was 0.33. The CP preparation contained 85% hexosamine, 12% hexose, 3% phosphate, 0.17% protein, 0.20% nucleic acid, and 0.01% endotoxin. Thin-layer chromatography, an amino acid analyzer, and a glucose oxidase colorimetric kit were used to identify the sugar components of the hydrolyzed CP as glucosamine and glucose. Analysis of the native CP by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that amino, N-acetyl, and carboxyl groups were present and that the CP was a disaccharide.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Cetrimonium; Cetrimonium Compounds; Chemical Precipitation; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Endotoxins; Haemophilus; Hexosamines; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nucleic Acids; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Solubility
PubMed: 3596801
DOI: 10.1128/iai.55.7.1573-1579.1987 -
The Biochemical Journal Sep 1972A method is described, which is capable of fractionating histones obtained from any animal source into five major groups. Although the method is based on procedures...
A method is described, which is capable of fractionating histones obtained from any animal source into five major groups. Although the method is based on procedures initially developed by E. W. Johns (1964), involving differential solubility in solutions of acids and of ethanol, it gives a cleaner separation and possesses the considerable advantage that the starting material is whole histone rather than a nucleoprotein preparation.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chromatography; Drosophila melanogaster; Electrophoresis; Fishes; Histones; Humans; Liver; Methods; Nucleoproteins; Oxidation-Reduction; Placenta; Solubility; Thymus Gland
PubMed: 4629976
DOI: 10.1042/bj1290349 -
Journal of Dairy Science Dec 1999A freeze-dried whey powder was produced by microfiltration of Cheddar cheese whey. A 0.2-micron ceramic membrane in a stainless steel housing unit was used to...
A freeze-dried whey powder was produced by microfiltration of Cheddar cheese whey. A 0.2-micron ceramic membrane in a stainless steel housing unit was used to concentrate components > 400 kDa present in the whey. The experimental whey powder, derived from Cheddar cheese whey, and a commercial whey powder were subjected to proximate analysis, lipid classes, phospholipid classes, and fatty acid compositional analyses. Commercial whey powder and commercial soybean lecithin were subjected to an alcohol fractionation procedure in an effort to alter the ratio of phosphatidyl choline to phosphatidyl ethanolamine and the functionality of dairy phospholipids. The fractionation procedure produced an alcohol-insoluble fraction containing 84% phosphatidyl ethanolamine, whereas the alcohol-soluble fraction resulted in a decrease in the phosphatidyl choline to phosphatidyl ethanolamine ratio. The commercial whey contained a higher ratio of phospholipids to neutral lipids compared with the experimental whey. The classes of phospholipids present within the two wheys were similar, whereas the experimental whey contained a phosphatidyl choline content twice that of the commercial whey, and the phospholipids composition of both wheys differed from the milk fat globule membrane. Comparison of the phospholipids and fatty acid composition of the wheys with the soy lecithin revealed that although the wheys were similar to each other, they differed from the soy lecithin in both the classes of phospholipids present and in the fatty acid composition. These compositional differences may influence the functionality of whey phospholipids.
Topics: Calcium; Cheese; Chemical Fractionation; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Glycolipids; Glycoproteins; Lactose; Lipid Droplets; Lipids; Milk Proteins; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Proteins; Whey Proteins
PubMed: 10629800
DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75509-8 -
The Journal of Antibiotics Jul 1975New antibiotics, mannopeptins A and B, were isolated from the fermented broth of Streptomyces platensis strain FS-351. Ferrous ion is essential for the antibiotic...
New antibiotics, mannopeptins A and B, were isolated from the fermented broth of Streptomyces platensis strain FS-351. Ferrous ion is essential for the antibiotic production, since no productivity was noted with media containing less than 0.11 mM ferrous ion and maximum production was achieved at a concentration of 1.8 mM. The antibiotics are basic glycopeptides with relatively high molecular weight and are similar to ristocetin and vancomycin but can be differentiated from them in view of their chemical composition and chromatographic behavior. The antibiotics were named mannopeptin after the glycopeptide containing mannose.
Topics: Amino Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Culture Media; Glycopeptides; Hydrolysis; Mannose; Streptomyces
PubMed: 1150544
DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.28.503 -
Journal of Bacteriology Oct 1971The extracellular lipid of Thiobacillus thiooxidans is a heterogeneous mixture of phospholipid and neutral lipid, primarily free fatty acids.
The extracellular lipid of Thiobacillus thiooxidans is a heterogeneous mixture of phospholipid and neutral lipid, primarily free fatty acids.
Topics: Chloroform; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Densitometry; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glycerides; Hydrocarbons; Lipids; Methanol; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylinositols; Phospholipids; Thiobacillus
PubMed: 4330743
DOI: 10.1128/jb.108.1.612-614.1971