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The British Journal of Nutrition Sep 2023Automated visual anthropometrics produced by mobile applications are accessible and cost effective with the potential to assess clinically relevant anthropometrics...
Automated visual anthropometrics produced by mobile applications are accessible and cost effective with the potential to assess clinically relevant anthropometrics without a trained technician present. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the precision and agreement of smartphone-based automated anthropometrics against reference tape measurements. Waist and hip circumference (WC; HC), waist:hip ratio (WHR) and waist:height ratio (W:HT) were collected from 115 participants (69 F) using a tape measure and two smartphone applications (MeThreeSixty, myBVI) across multiple smartphone types. Precision metrics were used to assess test-retest precision of the automated measures. Agreement between the circumferences produced by each mobile application and the reference were assessed using equivalence testing and other validity metrics. All mobile applications across smartphone types produced reliable estimates for each variable with intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0·93 (all < 0·001) and root mean square coefficient of variation between 0·5 and 2·5 %. Precision error for WC and HC was between 0·5 and 1·9 cm. WC, HC, and W:HT estimates produced by each mobile application demonstrated equivalence with the reference tape measurements using 5 % equivalence regions. Mean differences via paired t-tests were significant for all variables across each mobile application (all < 0·050) showing slight underestimation for WC and slight overestimation for HC which resulted in a lack of equivalence for WHR compared with the reference tape measure. Overall, the results of our study support the use of WC and HC estimates produced from automated mobile applications, but also demonstrates the importance of accurate automation for WC and HC estimates given their influence on other anthropometric assessments and clinical health markers.
Topics: Humans; Smartphone; Anthropometry; Waist-Hip Ratio; Waist Circumference; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 36632007
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114523000090 -
Minerva Pediatrica Aug 2018To compare the ability of Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) to estimate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk levels in... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
To compare the ability of Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) to estimate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk levels in adolescents.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed after a database search for relevant literature (Cochrane, Centre for Review and Dissemination, PubMed, British Nursing Index, CINAHL, BIOSIS citation index, ChildData, metaRegister).
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
The study included 117 records representing 96 studies with 994,595 participants were included in the systematic review, 14 of which (13 studies, N.=14,610) were eligible for the meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that BMI was a strong indicator of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin; but not total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein or glucose. Few studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis considering WC or WHtR (N.≤2). The narrative synthesis found measures of central adiposity to be consistently valid indicators of the same risk factors as BMI.
CONCLUSIONS
BMI was an indicator of CVD risk. WC and WHtR were efficacious for indicating the same risk factors BMI performed strongly for, though there was insufficient evidence to judge the relative strength of each measure possibly due to heterogeneity in the methods for measuring and classifying WC.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Risk Factors; Waist Circumference; Waist-Height Ratio
PubMed: 29651834
DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4946.18.05175-7 -
Cadernos de Saude Publica Jan 2012Self-assessment of body image is a multidimensional construction by which individuals describe the internal representations of their body structure and physical... (Review)
Review
Self-assessment of body image is a multidimensional construction by which individuals describe the internal representations of their body structure and physical appearance in relation to themselves and others. Silhouette scales have been used to for self-assessment of nutritional status, due to their low cost and ease of administration, especially in field surveys. This study aimed to identify the various silhouette scales that have been developed or adapted since 1983 and to conduct a systematic review of the validation of such scales against objective measures of nutritional status. A total of 33 publications were found and showed moderate to good correlation between nutritional status and both adapted (0.66 to 0.87) and developed silhouette scales (0.59 to 0.94) in adults, but much lower correlation in children and adolescents. Most of the studies used inappropriate statistical analysis. The data indicated that silhouette scales should be used with caution to predict nutritional status with or without anthropometric measures.
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Image; Body Weights and Measures; Humans; Nutritional Status; Self-Assessment; Validation Studies as Topic
PubMed: 22267061
DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2012000100002 -
Folia Morphologica 2021The craniofacial features of a person are unique and critical in the evaluation of age, gender, and ethnicity. The relationships between craniofacial properties and...
BACKGROUND
The craniofacial features of a person are unique and critical in the evaluation of age, gender, and ethnicity. The relationships between craniofacial properties and behavioural patterns have been one of the most common research topics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
There are studies on the association of facial width-to- -height ratio (fWHR) and aggressive behaviour in men; however, no consensus has been reached as there are inconsistent study results. Most of the studies focus on measuring the pre-determined fWHR in searching for a link to aggression. As the literature lacks data on the associations of multiple craniofacial ratios and aggression, we aimed to study the correlation of aggressive behaviour and multiparametric anthropometric measurements of the craniofacial region in a study group consisting of university students aging 18-38 years.
RESULTS
The aggression questionnaire results showed that male students had statistically higher scores than females in all subdomains, except physical aggression. Anthropometric studies revealed that males had higher mean values of craniofacial dimensions and indices than females, except the frontal height, the total lip height, frontal index, and cranial length-head circumference index. The statistical analyses for correlations showed that frontal, upper facial, and total facial height-facial width indices correlated with general and verbal aggression, frontal and upper facial indices correlated with physical aggression, and upper facial and total facial height-facial width indices correlated with indirect aggression only in males.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that our study represents the first example of an extensive craniofacial anthropometric research that correlates several craniofacial measurements and ratios with various aggression subdomains.
Topics: Aggression; Anthropometry; Cephalometry; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Skull
PubMed: 32301106
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2020.0039 -
The Journal of Nutrition Mar 2023Direct anthropometric measurements to assess body composition have limited precision and/or specificity. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Direct anthropometric measurements to assess body composition have limited precision and/or specificity.
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to develop a prediction equation based on anthropometric measurements for estimating total body water (TBW) in a healthy population.
METHODS
TBW was assessed using the deuterium dilution method in 398 Moroccan participants (235 women and 163 men) aged 11.6-88 y, then compared to the estimations made by previously published anthropometric equations. By sex, participants were randomly assigned into development (n = 199) and validation subgroups (n = 199). A new anthropometric equation was developed in the development subgroup from data obtained on body volume (BV), weight, and sex, where the BV was calculated from participants' height. Then the equation was validated in the validation subgroup using the Bland and Altman procedure, bias, and pure error. External validation was performed using a sample from Tunisia (n = 220, 51.8% female, 18-65 y).
RESULTS
Bias in predicting TBW showed unacceptable value for all previously published equations as it was significantly overestimated. The following new equation using anthropometric measurements [TBW (kg) = -5.249 + 107.502 BV (L) + 0.289 weight (kg) + 2.015 sex (male: 1, female: 0); (R = 0.91, RMSE = 1.885 kg)] was developed, and its internal validation was confirmed. The generated bias and pure error values were 0.047 kg (95% CI: -0.235, 0.330) and 2.02 kg (95% CI: 1.73, 2.31), respectively. The external validation of the new TBW prediction equation on a Tunisian sample showed a bias and pure error values of 0.07 kg (95% CI: -0.289, 0.429) and 2.36 kg, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that the new anthropometric-based prediction equation provides a good estimation of TBW and other body composition compartments. It could be recommended as an alternative method to assess body composition for epidemiological and clinical studies.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Body Water; Electric Impedance; Body Composition; Anthropometry; Indicator Dilution Techniques
PubMed: 36931748
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.013 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2022We investigated the anthropometric characteristics associated with specific handball skills in competition. The body anthropometric profiles differ significantly among...
We investigated the anthropometric characteristics associated with specific handball skills in competition. The body anthropometric profiles differ significantly among the playing positions in handball due to the specific tasks. The aim of this study is to identify the anthropometric patterns for each playing position by collecting data from elite male handball players. To determine the anthropometric profile of the elite handball players for each playing position, we used descriptive statistics for every indicator in order to identify the optimal patterns for elite handball players from the top-four ranked teams at the most important competitions over a period of 18 years (2004-2021). Over time, the anthropometric indices evolved: the average height increased (from 190 to 192.6 cm) but less than weight increased (from 90.5 to 95.28 kg), and these affected the body mass index (increase from 25.2 to 25.67). The novelty of our study is that we identified an anthropometric pattern for each playing position and for all teams in elite male handball. Our study also covered a period of 18 years to give our results more accuracy and reliability.
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Humans; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Sports
PubMed: 35270532
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052839 -
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical... 2018Anthropometric equations are widely used to estimate body composition however, are only appropriate for use in populations in which they have been developed and...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Anthropometric equations are widely used to estimate body composition however, are only appropriate for use in populations in which they have been developed and validated. The present study developed anthropometric prediction equations for Indonesian adults and cross-validated them with selected equations used in this population.
METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN
Six hundred Indonesian adults aged between 18- 65 years (292 males and 308 females) were divided equally into development and validation groups. Stature, body weight, skinfold thickness at eight sites, girth at five sites, and bone breadth at four sites were measured. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to propose percentage body fat (%BF) prediction equations using measured variables and %BF from the deuterium oxide dilution technique as the reference. The proposed prediction equations were then cross-validated using the validation group and %BF estimated from several existing equations.
RESULTS
Proposed prediction equations showed r ranged from 0.82 to 0.86 and Standard Error of the Estimate (SEE) from 4.7 to 5.4%. Cross-validation analysis showed bias with the reference %BF between 0.2 and 3.3% and Pure Error (PE) between 2.8 and 4.0%. Among the existing equations, the Durnin and Womersley equation was applicable in females whilst the equation by Davidson et al. underestimated %BF by 6.3-6.6% and the equation by Gurrici et al overestimated by 2.0-3.4% in both genders (p<0.01).
CONCLUSION
The proposed prediction equations provide better options for accurate prediction of %BF in Indonesian adults.
Topics: Adiposity; Adolescent; Adult; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Indonesia; Male; Middle Aged; Skinfold Thickness; Young Adult
PubMed: 29737806
DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.092017.02 -
BJOG : An International Journal of... Oct 2018Accurate assessment of gestational age (GA) is critical to paediatric care, but is limited in developing countries without access to ultrasound. Our objectives were to...
OBJECTIVE
Accurate assessment of gestational age (GA) is critical to paediatric care, but is limited in developing countries without access to ultrasound. Our objectives were to assess the accuracy of prediction of GA at birth and preterm birth classification using routinely collected anthropometry measures.
DESIGN
Prospective cohort study.
SETTING
United States.
POPULATION OR SAMPLE
A total of 2334 non-obese and 468 obese pregnant women.
METHODS
Enrolment GA was determined based on last menstrual period, confirmed by first-trimester ultrasound. Maternal anthropometry and fundal height (FH) were measured by a standardised protocol at study visits; FH alone was additionally abstracted from medical charts. Neonatal anthropometry measurements were obtained at birth. To estimate GA at delivery, we developed three predictor models using longitudinal FH alone and with maternal and neonatal anthropometry. For all predictors, we repeatedly sampled observations to construct training (60%) and test (40%) sets. Linear mixed models incorporated longitudinal maternal anthropometry and a shared parameter model incorporated neonatal anthropometry. We assessed models' accuracy under varied scenarios.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Estimated GA at delivery.
RESULTS
Prediction error for various combinations of anthropometric measures ranged between 13.9 and 14.9 days. Longitudinal FH alone predicted GA within 14.9 days with relatively stable prediction errors across individual race/ethnicities [whites (13.9 days), blacks (15.1 days), Hispanics (15.5 days) and Asians (13.1 days)], and correctly identified 75% of preterm births. The model was robust to additional scenarios.
CONCLUSIONS
In low-risk, non-obese women, longitudinal FH measures alone can provide a reasonably accurate assessment of GA when ultrasound measures are not available.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Longitudinal fundal height alone predicts gestational age at birth when ultrasound measures are unavailable.
Topics: Anthropometry; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Organ Size; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Prospective Studies; United States; Uterus
PubMed: 29473290
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15179 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jul 2022An efficacy evaluation of the AutoAnthro system to measure child (0-59 months) anthropometry in the United States found 3D imaging performed as well as gold-standard...
Accuracy of a handheld 3D imaging system for child anthropometric measurements in population-based household surveys and surveillance platforms: an effectiveness validation study in Guatemala, Kenya, and China.
BACKGROUND
An efficacy evaluation of the AutoAnthro system to measure child (0-59 months) anthropometry in the United States found 3D imaging performed as well as gold-standard manual measurements for biological plausibility and precision.
OBJECTIVES
We conducted an effectiveness evaluation of the accuracy of the AutoAnthro system to measure 0- to 59-month-old children's anthropometry in population-based surveys and surveillance systems in households in Guatemala and Kenya and in hospitals in China.
METHODS
The evaluation was done using health or nutrition surveillance system platforms among 600 children aged 0-59 months (Guatemala and Kenya) and 300 children aged 0-23 months (China). Field team anthropometrists and their assistants collected manual and scan anthropometric measurements, including length or height, midupper arm circumference (MUAC), and head circumference (HC; China only), from each child. An anthropometry expert and assistant later collected both manual and scan anthropometric measurements on the same child. The expert manual measurements were considered the standard compared to field team scans.
RESULTS
Overall, in Guatemala, Kenya, and China, for interrater accuracy, the average biases for length or height were -0.3 cm, -1.9 cm, and -6.2 cm, respectively; for MUAC were 0.9 cm, 1.2 cm, and -0.8 cm, respectively; and for HC was 2.4 cm in China. The inter-technical errors of measurement (inter-TEMs) for length or height were 2.8 cm, 3.4 cm, 5.5 cm, respectively; for MUAC were 1.1 cm, 1.5 cm, and 1.0 cm, respectively; and for HC was 2.8 cm in China. For intrarater precision, the absolute mean difference and intra-TEM (interrater, intramethod TEM) were 0.1 cm for all countries for all manual measurements. For scans, overall, absolute mean differences for length or height were 0.4-0.6 cm; for MUAC were 0.1-0.1 cm; and for HC was 0.4 cm. For the intra-TEM, length or height was 0.5 cm in Guatemala and China and 0.7 cm in Kenya, and other measurements were ≤0.3 cm.
CONCLUSIONS
Understanding the factors that cause the many poor scan results and how to correct them will be needed prior to using this instrument in routine, population-based survey and surveillance systems.
Topics: Anthropometry; Arm; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Guatemala; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kenya
PubMed: 35285874
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac064 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Oct 2019Body mass index (BMI) is still the only recommended measurable nutritional status assessment parameter in anorexia nervosa (AN). The aim of this study was to measure...
Body mass index (BMI) is still the only recommended measurable nutritional status assessment parameter in anorexia nervosa (AN). The aim of this study was to measure other anthropometrical and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters in AN patients and to evaluate their nutritional status assessment value. The 46 AN female patients were examined at the beginning of hospitalization and followed-up in three measurements (in 6 ± 2 weeks' intervals). Anthropometrical assessment was based on BMI, circumferences of arm, calf, thigh, hips, waist, their ratio (waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)), and a skinfold test over biceps and triceps muscle, under the scapula, over the hip, and 2 cm from the umbilicus. The BIA parameters included phase angle (PA), membrane capacitance (Cm), and impedance at 200 kHz, and a 5 kHz ratio (Z). In the 1st measurement, BMI correlated with all anthropometric and BIA parameters ( < 0.05). For BIA parameters, the correlation included arm circumference and WHR ( < 0.05). In the follow-up, significant changes were observed in BMI and all BIA parameters. The correlation between BMI and all BIA parameters was present in the 2nd and 3rd measurements ( < 0.05). In the 4th measurement, BMI correlated only with Cm ( = 0.0114). Comparison of BIA parameters according to the state of starvation (BMI < 16.0 kg/m) revealed that all studied BIA parameters were characterized by statistically significant sensitivity and specificity in the detection of this condition ( < 0.05), except PA in the 4th measurement ( = 0.2099). Selected BIA and anthropometrical parameters could be used for AN patients' assessment. The study confirmed dynamic changes of BIA parameters during the follow-up. They could be useful in the detection of the state of starvation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Child; Electric Impedance; Female; Humans; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 31623379
DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100671