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BMC Pediatrics Sep 2022Adolescents' body composition is considered an important measure to evaluate health status. An examination of any of the segmental compartments by anthropometric indices...
BACKGROUND
Adolescents' body composition is considered an important measure to evaluate health status. An examination of any of the segmental compartments by anthropometric indices is a more usable method than direct methods.
OBJECTIVES
To propose a method based on the network approach for predicting segmental body composition components in adolescent boys and girls using anthropometric measurements.
METHODS
A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) dataset in the south of Iran, including 476 adolescents (235 girls and 241 boys) with a range of 9-18 years, was obtained. Several anthropometric prediction models based on the network approach were fitted to the training dataset (TRD 80%) using bnlearn, an R add-in package. The best fitted models were applied to the validation dataset (VAD 20%) to assess the prediction accuracy.
RESULTS
Present equations consisting of age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and hip circumference accounted for 0.85 (P < 0.001) of the variability of DXA values in the corresponding age groups of boys. Similarly, reasonable estimates of DXA values could be obtained from age, weight, height, and BMI in girls over 13 years, and from age, weight, height, BMI, and waist circumference in girls under 13 years, respectively, of 0.77 and 0.83 (P < 0.001). Correlations between robust Gaussian Bayesian network (RGBN) predictions and DXA measurements were highly significant, averaging 0.87 for boys and 0.82 for girls (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The results revealed that, based on the present study's predictive models, adolescents' body composition might be estimated by input anthropometric information. Given the flexibility and modeling of the present method to test different motivated hypotheses, its application to body compositional data is highly appealing.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adolescent; Anthropometry; Bayes Theorem; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Child; Female; Humans; Iran; Male; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 36057547
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03580-z -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jan 2019The continued use of basic, manual anthropometric tools (e.g., boards and tapes) leaves anthropometry susceptible to human error. A potential solution, 3-dimensional...
The continued use of basic, manual anthropometric tools (e.g., boards and tapes) leaves anthropometry susceptible to human error. A potential solution, 3-dimensional (3D) imaging systems for anthropometry, has been around since the 1950s. In the 1980s, 3D imaging technology advanced from photographs to the use of lasers for body digitization; and by the 2000s, the falling price of 3D scanners made commercial application feasible. The garment sector quickly adopted imaging technology for surveys because of the need for numerous measurements and large sample sizes. In the health sector, 3D imaging for anthropometry was not widely adopted; its use was limited to research and specialized purposes. The different cost and logistical requirements for measurement in the garment and health sectors help to explain why the technology was adopted in one sector and not the other. Despite reductions, the price of 3D imaging systems remained a barrier to the use of 3D imaging for regular nutritional assessment in the health sector. Additional barriers in the health sector were that imaging systems required dedicated space and were not designed for capturing measurements in young children. In recent years, the development of light-coding technology may have removed these barriers, and a handheld imaging system was developed specifically for young children. There are not yet recommendations to replace manual equipment with 3D imaging for nutritional assessment, and there is a need for more research on low-cost, handheld imaging systems-particularly research that evaluates the ability of 3D imaging to improve the quality of anthropometric data and indicators.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Anthropometry; Body Composition; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Body Weights and Measures; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Lasers; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 30721957
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy053 -
Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Jun 2020This study was done to study the anthropometry of nonarthritic Asian knees; to determine the differences in morphology between knees of different ethnicities and to... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
This study was done to study the anthropometry of nonarthritic Asian knees; to determine the differences in morphology between knees of different ethnicities and to compare the knee anthropometry values with sizes of available knee implants.
METHODS
Magnetic resonance imaging scans of 100 nonarthritic Indian knees were analyzed. Anteroposterior (AP) length, mediolateral (ML) length, and aspect ratio of the distal femur and proximal tibia, patellar length, and patellar tendon length were measured. These values were compared with values of other ethnicities from literature. The values were also compared with sizes of available knee implants and evaluated for mismatch.
RESULTS
All the parameters of female knees were significantly smaller than those of male knees ( < 0.05). The distal femur of Indian knees resembled that of Chinese knees with similar AP and ML lengths and aspect ratio. The distal femur of Indian knees had a significantly smaller AP, ML, and aspect ratio than those of Hispanic knees did. In comparison to Caucasian distal femur, Indian knees had smaller AP and ML lengths and larger aspect ratio. In terms of the proximal tibia, the Indian knees were smaller than Chinese (only ML), Caucasian (AP and ML) and Hispanic (AP and ML) knees. On comparison with implant sizes, there was a mismatch between the distal femur morphology and the dimensions of all implants. For a given AP length, the ML dimensions of all implants were smaller than the measured ML length of the knee. However, the tibial components of all the studied implants correlated well with the tibial morphology.
CONCLUSIONS
Distinct anthropometric differences exist between knees of different ethnicities. The knees of females were smaller than the knees of males. In Indian knees, the ML-AP aspect ratio of the distal femur was higher than that of the currently available femoral components. These results suggest the need for race-specific knee implants.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Asian People; Female; Humans; Knee Joint; Knee Prosthesis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 32489536
DOI: 10.4055/cios19069 -
Public Health Research & Practice Nov 2014Despite the burgeoning research interest in weight status, in parallel with the increase in obesity worldwide, research describing methods to optimise the validity and... (Review)
Review
AIM
Despite the burgeoning research interest in weight status, in parallel with the increase in obesity worldwide, research describing methods to optimise the validity and accuracy of measured anthropometric data is lacking. Even when 'gold standard' methods are employed, no data are 100% accurate, yet the accuracy of anthropometric data is critical to produce robust and interpretable findings. To date, described methods for identifying data that are likely to be inaccurate seem to be ad hoc or lacking in clear justification.
METHODS
This paper reviews approaches to evaluating the accuracy of cross-sectional and longitudinal data on height and weight in children, focusing on recommendations from the World Health Organization (WHO). This review, together with expert consultation, informed the development of a method for processing and verifying longitudinal anthropometric measurements of children. This approach was then applied to data from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children.
RESULTS
The review identified the need to assess the likely plausibility of data by (a) examining deviation from the WHO reference population by calculating age- and sex-adjusted height, weight and body mass index z-scores, and (b) examining changes in height and weight in individuals over time. The method developed identified extreme measurements and implausible intraindividual trajectories. It provides evidence-based criteria for the exclusion of data points that are most likely to be affected by measurement error.
CONCLUSIONS
This paper presents a probabilistic approach to identifying anthropometric measurements that are likely to be implausible. This systematic, practical method is intended to be reproducible in other settings, including for validating large databases.
Topics: Anthropometry; Australia; Bias; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dimensional Measurement Accuracy; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Likelihood Functions; Longitudinal Studies; Models, Statistical; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
PubMed: 25828446
DOI: 10.17061/phrp2511407 -
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology... Oct 2021Evaluate accuracy of skinfold thicknesses and body mass index (BMI) for the prediction of fat mass percentage (FM%) in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to...
OBJECTIVE
Evaluate accuracy of skinfold thicknesses and body mass index (BMI) for the prediction of fat mass percentage (FM%) in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to develop population-specific formulae based on anthropometry for estimation of FM%.
METHODS
IBD children (n = 30) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 144) underwent anthropometric evaluation and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, as the clinical reference for measurement of body composition. Body FM% estimated with skinfolds thickness was compared with FM% measured with DEXA. By means of 4 prediction models, population specific formulae for estimation of FM% were developed.
RESULTS
No significant difference in terms of FM% measured by DEXA was found between IBD population and HCs (FM% 29.6% vs 32.2%, P = 0.108). Triceps skinfold thickness (TSF, Model 2) was better than BMI (Model 1) at predicting FM% (82% vs 68% of variance). The sum of 2 skinfolds (biceps + triceps; SF2, Model 3) showed an improvement in the prediction of FM% as compared with TSF, Model 2 (86% vs 82% of variance). The sum of 4 skinfolds (biceps + triceps + suprailiac + subscapular; Model 4) showed further improvement in the prediction of FM% as compared with SF2 (88% vs 86% of variance).
CONCLUSIONS
The sum of 4 skinfolds is the most accurate in predicting FM% in paediatric IBD. The sum of 2 skinfolds is less accurate but more feasible and less prone to error. The newly developed population-specific formulae could be a valid tool for estimation of body composition in IBD population and an alternative to DEXA measurement.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adipose Tissue; Anthropometry; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Child; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Skinfold Thickness
PubMed: 34091539
DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003188 -
Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany) May 2022Currently used pediatric kidney length normative values are based on small single-center studies, do not include kidney function assessment, and focus mostly on newborns...
BACKGROUND
Currently used pediatric kidney length normative values are based on small single-center studies, do not include kidney function assessment, and focus mostly on newborns and infants. We aimed to develop ultrasound-based kidney length normative values derived from a large group of European Caucasian children with normal kidney function.
METHODS
Out of 1,782 children aged 0-19 years, 1,758 individuals with no present or past kidney disease and normal estimated glomerular filtration rate had sonographic assessment of kidney length. The results were correlated with anthropometric parameters and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Kidney length was correlated with age, height, body surface area, and body mass index. Height-related kidney length curves and table were generated using the LMS method. Multivariate regression analysis with collinearity checks was used to evaluate kidney length predictors.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in kidney size in relation to height between boys and girls. We found significant (p < 0.001), but clinically unimportant (Cohen's D effect size = 0.04 and 0.06) differences between prone vs. supine position (mean paired difference = 0.64 mm, 95% CI = 0.49-0.77) and left vs. right kidneys (mean paired difference = 1.03 mm, 95% CI = 0.83-1.21), respectively. For kidney length prediction, the highest coefficient correlation was observed with height (adjusted R = 0.87, p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
We present height-related LMS-percentile curves and tables of kidney length which may serve as normative values for kidney length in children from birth to 19 years of age. The most significant predictor of kidney length was statural height.
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kidney; Male; Reference Values; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34657197
DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05303-5 -
BMC Pediatrics Feb 2009Size at birth is influenced by environmental factors, like maternal nutrition and parity, and by genes. Birth weight is a composite measure, encompassing bone, fat and...
BACKGROUND
Size at birth is influenced by environmental factors, like maternal nutrition and parity, and by genes. Birth weight is a composite measure, encompassing bone, fat and lean mass. These may have different determinants. The main purpose of this paper was to use anthropometry and principal components analysis (PCA) to describe maternal and newborn body composition, and associations between them, in an Indian population. We also compared maternal and paternal measurements (body mass index (BMI) and height) as predictors of newborn body composition.
METHODS
Weight, height, head and mid-arm circumferences, skinfold thicknesses and external pelvic diameters were measured at 30 +/- 2 weeks gestation in 571 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of the Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India. Paternal height and weight were also measured. At birth, detailed neonatal anthropometry was performed. Unrotated and varimax rotated PCA was applied to the maternal and neonatal measurements.
RESULTS
Rotated PCA reduced maternal measurements to 4 independent components (fat, pelvis, height and muscle) and neonatal measurements to 3 components (trunk+head, fat, and leg length). An SD increase in maternal fat was associated with a 0.16 SD increase (beta) in neonatal fat (p < 0.001, adjusted for gestation, maternal parity, newborn sex and socio-economic status). Maternal pelvis, height and (for male babies) muscle predicted neonatal trunk+head (beta = 0. 09 SD; p = 0.017, beta = 0.12 SD; p = 0.006 and beta = 0.27 SD; p < 0.001). In the mother-baby and father-baby comparison, maternal BMI predicted neonatal fat (beta = 0.20 SD; p < 0.001) and neonatal trunk+head (beta = 0.15 SD; p = 0.001). Both maternal (beta = 0.12 SD; p = 0.002) and paternal height (beta = 0.09 SD; p = 0.030) predicted neonatal trunk+head but the associations became weak and statistically non-significant in multivariate analysis. Only paternal height predicted neonatal leg length (beta = 0.15 SD; p = 0.003).
CONCLUSION
Principal components analysis is a useful method to describe neonatal body composition and its determinants. Newborn adiposity is related to maternal nutritional status and parity, while newborn length is genetically determined. Further research is needed to understand mechanisms linking maternal pelvic size to fetal growth and the determinants and implications of the components (trunk v leg length) of fetal skeletal growth.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Anthropometry; Birth Weight; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Size; Body Weight; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; India; Infant, Newborn; Male; Parents; Pregnancy; Principal Component Analysis; Reference Values; Young Adult
PubMed: 19236724
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-9-16 -
Indian Journal of Public Health 1993
Topics: Anthropometry; Birth Weight; Humans; India; Infant Welfare; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 8076996
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Apr 2009
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Child; Humans; Least-Squares Analysis; Mexico; Obesity; Reference Values
PubMed: 17912266
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602925 -
European Review For Medical and... Apr 2023The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to compare soft tissue measurements of the same distances obtained from 3D computed tomography reconstructions with 2D...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to compare soft tissue measurements of the same distances obtained from 3D computed tomography reconstructions with 2D cephalometric radiograms, (2) to compare data from 3D measurements from direct anthropometry and 2D "norms" for the facial measurements.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 40 Caucasian patients that had their CBCT scans for various dental and dentoskeletal reasons were enrolled in this study. All the patients had large field of view (from the forehead to the chin). The data were stored in DICOM format and imported into a software for 3D reconstructions. After 3D facial soft tissue model generation, the distances between 18 soft tissue points were measured. The 3D soft tissue analysis was performed, and the facial indices were calculated. The mean 3D values were compared with 2D measurements performed on lateral cephalograms and Arnett's and Farkas' norms. The measurements were statistically compared using Student's t-test.
RESULTS
Assessments from 2D and 3D measurements showed no statistical difference except for the distance Pogonion (for both male and female) and Labial superius prominence (females) to the True Vertical Line in 2D /Plane in case of 3D measurements. There was a significant difference between all 3D measurements and Arnett's and anthropometric Farkas' "norms". The mean difference between Farkas' "norms" and 3D measurements was within 3 mm for 70% of measurements.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results, 3D soft tissue analysis allows for complete diagnostic determination. The 3D "norms" are to be verified on a greater sample.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Anthropometry; Face; Cephalometry; Radiography; Tomography
PubMed: 37129335
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202304_31321