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3 Biotech May 2023Rhizobacteria are valuable sources of compounds that can be used for the integrated management of diseases in rice. Here, we aimed to explore the metabolism and organize...
UNLABELLED
Rhizobacteria are valuable sources of compounds that can be used for the integrated management of diseases in rice. Here, we aimed to explore the metabolism and organize and annotate the metabolites of sp. and isolates using molecular networking and evaluate their fungicidal effects against and We obtained bacterial extracts after 6 and 16-h incubation via liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate as solvent. We performed UHPLC-MS analysis and data processing using molecular networking and conducted biological assays in rice plants. Using the Global Natural Product Social spectral libraries, we annotated the following compounds: austinoneol, Phe-Pro, -acetyl-l-leucine, Leu-Gly, Ile-Leu, Phe-Pro, 2,5-piperazinedione, 3-(1H-indol-3-methyl)-6-methyl-cyclo(d-Trp-l-Pro), and cholic acid. Results of the biological assays showed that the bacterial extracts reduced the mycelial growth of both pathogens in all treatments compared to the control. In the greenhouse setup, 8 days after the challenge for leaf gray spot and leaf blast, all treatments affected up to 4.4% of the leaf area, with an area under disease progress curve of 13.24, showing significant difference compared to the control, which affected 23% of the leaf area, with an AUDPC of 44.65. Our study provides potential new sources of natural products to be applied in the integrated management of rice.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03547-6.
PubMed: 37128476
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03547-6 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023is the pathogenic microorganism of southern corn leaf blight, a persistent biotic constraint responsible for substantial yield losses of corn worldwide. In the present...
is the pathogenic microorganism of southern corn leaf blight, a persistent biotic constraint responsible for substantial yield losses of corn worldwide. In the present study, 96 isolates from six representative fields growing single and multiple sweet corn cultivars in Pingnan, Fuqing, and Jian'ou in Fujian Province, which are characterized by different geographical characteristics and cropping patterns, were genetically analyzed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to assess the impact of geographical origins and corn cultivars on population differentiation. isolates originated from diverse regions possessed higher genetic variety than those from single and multiple sweet corn cultivars. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates from single and multiple sweet corn cultivars were randomly grouped into different clusters, with those from the same location tending to form clusters. A greater genetic differentiation among different geographical populations than between those from single and multiple sweet corn cultivars was observed by pairwise comparison. Hierarchical analysis indicated that among-population variation was higher when comparatively analyzed populations from different locations than in those from single and multiple sweet corn cultivars. In conclusion, these results suggest that geographical origin acts a more considerable role in genetic differentiation of than corn cultivar. Two divided genetic clusters were detected in the populations from single and multiple sweet corn cultivars at the three locations in Fujian Province, with major genetic variation being derived within populations. The high haplotypic diversity and expected mating type ratio of 1:1 in combination with significant linkage disequilibrium suggested that a mixed reproductive strategy occurs in the population in Fujian Province. This study will enrich the information on the role that geographical origins and corn cultivars play in the population structure of the pathogen as well as the reproductive strategies in population in Fujian Province.
PubMed: 37860250
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1232414 -
Medical Mycology Case Reports Mar 2017Phaeohyphomycosis is a rare but emerging disease caused by dematiaceous fungi. Here we describe the case of an immunosuppressed dog with disseminated phaeohyphomycosis...
Phaeohyphomycosis is a rare but emerging disease caused by dematiaceous fungi. Here we describe the case of an immunosuppressed dog with disseminated phaeohyphomycosis secondary to infection. Regionally extensive infiltration of the paw pads, skin, myocardium, liver, renal interstitium and diaphragm was identified on histopathology. and were also cultured from multiple sites post-mortem. The dog was treated with fluconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine and liposomal amphotericin B, but was euthanized due to its poor prognosis after 12 days of therapy.
PubMed: 28275534
DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2017.02.003 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2022A chemical investigation on the kiwi endophytic fungus sp. Resulted in the isolation of eight new terpenoids (-) and five known analogues (-). Compounds - are novel...
A chemical investigation on the kiwi endophytic fungus sp. Resulted in the isolation of eight new terpenoids (-) and five known analogues (-). Compounds - are novel sativene sesquiterpenoids containing three additional skeletal carbons, while compounds and are rare dimers. Compounds - and are sesterterpenoids that have been identified from this species for the first time. Compounds and showed antibacterial activity against kiwifruit canker pathogen pv. (Psa) with MIC values of 32 and 64 g/ml, respectively.
PubMed: 36118317
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.990734 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Apr 2014This guideline is the second in the line of three for fungal diseases by ESCMID and other societies. The guideline tried to follow the AGREE criteria for the development...
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG) and European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) 2013 joint guidelines on diagnosis and management of rare and emerging fungal diseases.
This guideline is the second in the line of three for fungal diseases by ESCMID and other societies. The guideline tried to follow the AGREE criteria for the development of clinical guidelines. This guideline serves as a European and potentially world-wide recommendation for the diagnosis and management of rare and emerging fungi. They include mucormycosis, hyalohyphomycosis (Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Scedosporium, etc.), phaeohyphomycosis (Alternaria, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Rhinocladiella, etc.), and emerging yeasts (Saccharomyces, Trichosporon, Rhodotorula, etc.).
Topics: Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Europe; Humans; Mycoses; Societies, Scientific
PubMed: 24606200
DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12569 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023Rice spikelet rot disease occurs mainly in the late stages of rice growth. Pathogenicity and biological characteristics of the pathogenic fungus and the infestation site...
Rice spikelet rot disease occurs mainly in the late stages of rice growth. Pathogenicity and biological characteristics of the pathogenic fungus and the infestation site have been the primary focus of research on the disease. To learn more about the disease, we performed whole-genome sequencing of and for predicting potentially pathogenic genes. The fungus was only recently identified in rice.We obtained 16 and 15 scaffolds down to the chromosome level for LWI and LWII, respectively. The length of LWI strain was approximately 34.05 Mb, and the G + C content of the whole genome was 50.56%. The length of the LWII strain was approximately 32.21 Mb, and the G + C content of the whole genome was 50.66%. After the prediction and annotation of LWI and LWII, we predicted that the LWI strain and LWII strain contain 8 and 13 potential pathogenic genes, respectively, which may be related to rice infection. These results improve our understanding of the genomes of and and update the genomic databases of these two species. It benefits subsequent studies on the mechanisms of and interactions with rice and helps to develop efficient control measures against rice spikelet rot disease.
PubMed: 36836292
DOI: 10.3390/jof9020177 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Sep 2023Metabolic enzyme activity and microbial composition of the air-curing and fermentation processes determine the quality of cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs). In this study, we...
Metabolic enzyme activity and microbial composition of the air-curing and fermentation processes determine the quality of cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs). In this study, we reveal the evolution of the dominant microorganisms and microbial community structure at different stages of the air-curing and fermentation processes of CTLs. The results showed that the changes in metabolic enzymes occurred mainly during the air-curing phase, with polyphenol oxidase (PPO) being the most active at the browning phase. Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, Vibrio, Monographella, Bipolaris, and Aspergillus were the key microorganisms in the air-curing and fermentation processes. Principal coordinate analysis revealed significant separation of microbial communities between the air-curing and fermentation phases. Redundancy analysis showed that bacteria such as Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Acidobacteriota and fungi such as Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were correlated with enzyme activity and temperature and humidity. Bacteria mainly act in sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, while fungi mainly degrade lignin, cellulose, and pectin through saprophytic action. Spearman correlation network analysis showed that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the key bacterial taxa, while Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes were the key fungal taxa. This research provides the basis for improving the quality of cigars by improving the air-curing and fermentation processes. KEY POINTS: • Changes in POD and PPO activity control the color change of CTLs at the air-curing stage. • Monographella, Aspergillus, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio play an important role in air-curing and fermentation. • Environmental temperature and humidity mainly affect the fermentation process, whereas bacteria such as Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Acidobacteriota and fungi such as Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are associated with enzyme activity and temperature and humidity.
Topics: Nicotiana; Fermentation; Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Firmicutes; Ascomycota; Acidobacteria; Bacteroidetes; Tobacco Products; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 37458766
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12663-5 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021Foliar diseases of maize cause severe economic losses in India and around the world. The increasing severity of maize leaf blight (MLB) over the past ten years...
Foliar diseases of maize cause severe economic losses in India and around the world. The increasing severity of maize leaf blight (MLB) over the past ten years necessitates rigorous identification and characterization of MLB-causing pathogens from different maize production zones to ensure the success of resistance breeding programs and the selection of appropriate disease management strategies. Although is the primary pathogen causing MLB in India, other related genera such as , , and , and a taxonomically distant genus, , are known to infect maize in other countries. To investigate the diversity of pathogens associated with MLB in India, 350 symptomatic leaf samples were collected between 2016 and 2018, from 20 MLB hotspots in nine states representing six ecological zones where maize is grown in India. Twenty representative fungal isolates causing MLB symptoms were characterized based on cultural, pathogenic, and molecular variability. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase () gene sequence-based phylogenies showed that the majority of isolates (13/20) were . There were also two isolates, and one isolate each of , , , an unknown sp. isolate phylogenetically close to , and an sp. isolate. The , the aforesaid four species, and the sp. are the first reports of these fungi causing MLB in India. Pathogenicity tests on maize plants showed that isolates identified as spp. and sp. generally caused more severe MLB symptoms than those identified as spp. The diversity of fungi causing MLB, types of lesions, and variation in disease severity by different isolates described in this study provide baseline information for further investigations on MLB disease distribution, diagnosis, and management in India.
PubMed: 34959576
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121621 -
PloS One 2022Fungi in the genus Metarhizium (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) are insect-pathogens and endophytes that can benefit their host plant through growth promotion and...
Fungi in the genus Metarhizium (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) are insect-pathogens and endophytes that can benefit their host plant through growth promotion and protection against stresses. Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechsler) Drechsler (Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae) is an economically-significant phytopathogenic fungus that causes Southern Corn Leaf Blight (SCLB) in maize. We conducted greenhouse and lab-based experiments to determine the effects of endophytic M. robertsii J.F. Bisch., Rehner & Humber on growth and defense in maize (Zea mays L.) infected with C. heterostrophus. We inoculated maize seeds with spores of M. robertsii and, at the 3 to 4-leaf stage, the youngest true leaf of M. robertsii-treated and untreated control plants with spores of C. heterostrophus. After 96 h, we measured maize height, above-ground biomass, endophytic colonization by M. robertsii, severity of SCLB, and expression of plant defense genes and phytohormone content. We recovered M. robertsii from 74% of plants grown from treated seed. The severity of SCLB in M. robertsii-treated maize plants was lower than in plants inoculated only with C. heterostrophus. M. robertsii-treated maize inoculated or not inoculated with C. heterostrophus showed greater height and above-ground biomass compared with untreated control plants. Height and above-ground biomass of maize co-inoculated with M. robertsii and C. heterostrophus were not different from M. robertsii-treated maize. M. robertsii modulated the expression of defense genes and the phytohormone content in maize inoculated with C. heterostrophus compared with plants not inoculated with C. heterostrophus and control plants. These results suggest that endophytic M. robertsii can promote maize growth and reduce development of SCLB, possibly by induced systemic resistance mediated by modulation of phytohormones and expression of defense and growth-related genes in maize.
Topics: Ascomycota; Bipolaris; Metarhizium; Plant Growth Regulators; Zea mays
PubMed: 36137142
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272944 -
Microorganisms Oct 2022The antimicrobial properties of graphene in vitro have been widely reported. However, compared to research performed on graphene's antibacterial properties, there have...
The antimicrobial properties of graphene in vitro have been widely reported. However, compared to research performed on graphene's antibacterial properties, there have been relatively few studies assessing graphene's antifungal properties. In particular, evaluating graphene's pathogenic effects on host plants in vivo, which is critical to using graphene in disease control, has rarely been performed. In this study, the fungal pathogen of wheat, barley, and other plants, () and graphene oxide (GO) were selected for materials. A combination of physiological, cytological, and biochemical approaches was used to explore how GO affects the growth and pathogenicity of . The mycelial growth and spore germination of were both inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by GO treatment. The addition of GO significantly alleviated the infection of pathogenic fungi in host plants. The results of scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of GO on was primarily related to the destruction of the cell membrane. Our study confirmed the antifungal effect of graphene in vitro and in vivo, providing an experimental basis for applying graphene in disease resistance, which is of great significance for agricultural and forestry production.
PubMed: 36296270
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101994