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BMC Veterinary Research Jan 2022Mannheimia haemolytica is commonly associated with respiratory disease in cattle worldwide as a cause of fibrinous pneumonia, bronchopneumonia and pleuritis. M....
BACKGROUND
Mannheimia haemolytica is commonly associated with respiratory disease in cattle worldwide as a cause of fibrinous pneumonia, bronchopneumonia and pleuritis. M. haemolytica is further subdivided into 12 serovars, however not all are considered to be pathogenic in cattle. The study aim was to determine the most common serovars of M. haemolytica associated with respiratory disease in cattle in Great Britain, which is currently unknown and could be useful information for clinicians when considering preventative strategies.
RESULTS
One hundred four M. haemolytica isolates isolated from bovine clinical pathology and post-mortem samples from pneumonia cases between 2016 and 2018 were tested using a multiplex PCR assay to identify M. haemolytica serovars A1, A2 and A6. 46 isolates (44.2%) typed as M. haemolytica serovar A1, 31 (29.8%) as M. haemolytica serovar A2 and 18 isolates (17.3%) as M. haemolytica serovar A6. Nine isolates (8.7%) were not A1, A2 or A6 so were considered to belong to other serovars or were not typable.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the importance of M. haemolytica serovars other than A1 which may be responsible for respiratory disease in cattle and could help guide the veterinarian when making choices on preventative vaccination programmes.
Topics: Animals; Bronchopneumonia; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Mannheimia haemolytica; Pleurisy; Serogroup; United Kingdom
PubMed: 34980139
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03121-3 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2024Bronchopneumonia (BP) in calves potentially causes systemic changes.
BACKGROUND
Bronchopneumonia (BP) in calves potentially causes systemic changes.
OBJECTIVES
To describe metabolic, arterial blood gas, and acid-base disorders in calves with BP diagnosed by thoracic ultrasound (TUS), Wisconsin score (WISC), and combinations of WISC and TUS.
ANIMALS
Two hundred thirty-one dairy preweaned dairy calves from 13 dairy farms.
METHODS
Cross-sectional study. Each calf sequentially underwent arterial blood gas evaluation, WISC score, venous sampling, and TUS. Calves were grouped based on a single diagnostic method and combination of WISC and 2 TUS cutoffs (≥1 cm; ≥3 cm) as healthy, upper respiratory tract infection, subclinical BP, and clinical BP.
RESULTS
Oxygenation and acid-base variables were unaffected. Glucose concentration in TUS-affected calves was significantly lower (P < .001) than in healthy calves (median ≥TUS = 5.2 mmol/L 25%-75% interquartile range [IQR] 4.5-6.1,
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Clinical signs indicate minor systemic disorders compared to TUS. The abnormalities detected by ultrasonographic examination were moderate and did not deviate from normal reference ranges.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cattle Diseases; Bronchopneumonia; Blood Gas Analysis; Ultrasonography; Female; Male; Blood Glucose
PubMed: 38504475
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17039 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Sep 2018One of the most common post-mortem inspection finding of sheep and lambs in Sweden, following routine slaughter is pneumonia and its prevalence is increasing. To our...
BACKGROUND
One of the most common post-mortem inspection finding of sheep and lambs in Sweden, following routine slaughter is pneumonia and its prevalence is increasing. To our knowledge, the aetiology of pneumonia in lambs is not well-known for Swedish conditions. Chronic bronchopneumonia, also known as "atypical" or chronic non-progressive pneumonia, is a common disease worldwide, affecting lambs up to 12 months old. It is therefore of interest to elucidate if this disease complex is also a common cause of pneumonia among Swedish lambs. Chronic bronchopneumonia has a characteristic macroscopic and histopathologic appearance, and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is the microbial agent most frequently found. Although this bacterium is important for the pathogenesis, multiple agents are presumed to be involved. The aim of this study was to describe the macroscopic and histopathologic lung lesions in routinely slaughtered lambs with pneumonia, and to determine the bacterial agents involved.
RESULTS
A total of 41 lungs with gross lesions consistent with pneumonia were examined. Of these, 35 lungs displayed the typical gross appearance of chronic bronchopneumonia, with several or all of the characteristic histological features. M. ovipneumoniae was detected in 83% of the 35 lungs and Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated in 71%. Pneumonia associated with M. ovipneumoniae could be correlated to specific gross lesions consistent with the gross description of chronic bronchopneumonia in lambs.
CONCLUSION
In this study, chronic bronchopneumonia was the most common lung disease in routinely slaughtered Swedish lambs. This diagnosis was based on the characteristic macroscopic and histopathologic pulmonary findings and the frequent presence of the bacterium M. ovipneumoniae. The macroscopic appearance of chronic bronchopneumonia could therefore be used during routine investigation of the lamb carcasses at slaughter, to determine the most likely cause of pneumonia.
Topics: Animals; Bronchopneumonia; Lung; Mannheimia haemolytica; Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Sweden
PubMed: 30223865
DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0409-1 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Jul 2021The best test between thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) and thoracic radiography (TR) or the best combination of tests (series or parallel) to detect active infectious...
BACKGROUND
The best test between thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) and thoracic radiography (TR) or the best combination of tests (series or parallel) to detect active infectious bronchopneumonia (BP) in hospitalized dairy calves remains unknown.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
To estimate performances of TUS and TR to detect active BP in hospitalized dairy calves and to determine the best strategy for using these tests based on a panel diagnosis method (PDM). Performances of TUS and TR were hypothesized to be equivalent.
ANIMALS
Fifty hospitalized dairy calves (≥7 days old; ≤100 kg; standing; pCO ≥ 53 mm Hg; any reason of presentation).
METHODS
Each calf prospectively and sequentially underwent physical examination, thoracic auscultation, blood analyses, and TUS and TR. Three blinded experts determined whether active BP was present/absent based on PDM. Krippendorff's alpha measured interexpert agreement. The sensitivities (Se) and specificities (Sp) of TUS and TR alone and in series or parallel were compared (McNemar's test; P < .05).
RESULTS
Interexpert agreement was moderate at 0.58 (95%CI: 0.42; 0.73). The Se and Sp of TUS were 0.84 (95%CI: 0.60; 0.97) and 0.74 (95%CI: 0.57; 0.86), respectively. The Se and Sp of TR were 0.89 (95%CI: 0.67; 0.99) and 0.58 (95%CI: 0.39; 0.75), respectively. No significant difference was found in the Se and Sp of TUS and TR when analyzed alone, in series or in parallel.
CONCLUSION
Thoracic ultrasonography or TR alone equally detected active BP in hospitalized dairy calves. Series or parallel analysis provided no additional benefit. Its ease of use and widespread accessibility support using TUS as a first-line test to detect active BP in hospitalized dairy calves.
Topics: Animals; Bronchopneumonia; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Radiography, Thoracic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33993530
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16157 -
Respiratory Medicine Jan 2024The imaging findings of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) vary; however, few studies have focused on the relationship of imaging classification with clinical...
BACKGROUND
The imaging findings of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) vary; however, few studies have focused on the relationship of imaging classification with clinical manifestations and outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
To prospectively investigate whether chest imaging classification in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is associated with its clinical features and outcomes.
METHODS
A total of 1,401 hospitalized children with MPP were enrolled from January 2019 to December 2021. Imaging findings were categorized as bronchopneumonia and consolidation/atelectasis according to X-ray, and bronchopneumonia, consolidation/atelectasis, bronchiolitis, and mosaic pattern according to computed tomography (CT). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with different imaging classifications were prospectively analyzed based on electronic medical records.
RESULTS
Bronchopneumonia was the most common finding (59.6%), while consolidation/atelectasis was the most severe group. Clinical manifestations and laboratory indicators for the consolidation/atelectasis group included serious abnormalities. Further, outcomes of the patients were worse, including having longer total durations of fever and hospitalization, greater hospitalization expenses, and a higher likelihood of developing refractory MPP, necrotizing pneumonia, and bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in this group. The incidence of bronchiolitis, a disease characterized by a high prevalence of fever, moist rales, and an atopic constitution, tended to increase after the coronavirus disease pandemic and predisposed patients to BO. A mosaic pattern occurred in allergic and young individuals, with wheezing as the main manifestation, with patients having relatively mild symptoms and good outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Different imaging classifications have different clinical features and clinical outcomes; thus, formulating an imaging-based classification system is of great clinical value.
Topics: Child; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Bronchopneumonia; Retrospective Studies; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Pulmonary Atelectasis; Bronchiolitis; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Fever
PubMed: 38043865
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107480 -
Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Jul 1972
Topics: Anatomy; Architecture; Bronchi; Bronchography; Bronchopneumonia; Child; Curriculum; Education, Medical; Education, Medical, Continuing; Educational Measurement; Family Practice; Financing, Government; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Male; Models, Structural; Physician-Patient Relations; Physiology; Schools, Medical; Specialization; United Kingdom
PubMed: 5085936
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal May 1970
Topics: Aged; Agranulocytosis; Bronchopneumonia; Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial; Female; Folic Acid Antagonists; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrimidines; Sulfamethoxazole; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 5294089
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5705.364-c -
British Medical Journal Nov 1968
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Barbiturates; Brain Neoplasms; Bronchopneumonia; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Child; Dementia; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurocognitive Disorders; Phenobarbital; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Referral and Consultation; Substance-Related Disorders; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
PubMed: 5722321
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.4.5630.561 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Feb 2012
Topics: Animals; Bronchopneumonia; Carrier State; Female; Ferrets; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Influenza A virus; Male; Metapneumovirus; Orthomyxoviridae; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Paramyxoviridae Infections; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; Pneumococcal Infections; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Pneumonia, Viral; Population Surveillance; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Streptococcus pneumoniae
PubMed: 22158562
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir753 -
Pharmacology Research & Perspectives Aug 2021Bronchial pneumonia in children is a common infectious disease in toddlers and infants, which may cause hyperpyrexia, pulmonary moist rales, and even respiratory... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Bronchial pneumonia in children is a common infectious disease in toddlers and infants, which may cause hyperpyrexia, pulmonary moist rales, and even respiratory failure. Traditional drugs for bronchial pneumonia in children often lead to drug resistance and side effects. Recently, naringenin has been reported to be a potential treatment for several airway inflammatory diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. The current clinical study aimed to evaluate the safety and therapeutic effect of naringenin in treating bronchial pneumonia in children. A total of 180 eligible patients were randomly assigned into naringenin (NAR) group and azithromycin (AZI) group. All participants were required to follow a 5-day oral administration, and their serum cytokine levels were measured during the clinical intervention. After the treatment, the disappearance time of clinical symptoms, and the incidences of complications and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Naringenin was able to inhibit inflammation, shorten the disappearance time of clinical symptoms, reduce the incidences of bronchial pneumonia complications and related adverse reactions, and improve the health conditions of the patients. Our results suggested that naringenin was safe and beneficial to children with bronchial pneumonia, providing new insights into the clinical application of naringenin.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azithromycin; Bronchopneumonia; Child, Preschool; Cytokines; Female; Flavanones; Humans; Infant; Male; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34310866
DOI: 10.1002/prp2.825